301 lines
34 KiB
XML
301 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="F02C5DBCBC1E107258B49945D71B513D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221852" ID-ZooBank="92C07D63-F2F5-4898-A7FE-4937F4D5A043" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460577976854" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2013" docId="038E706DEC1E7449FF172C70C58AFA66" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03619p314.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3619 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucascus lobatus Rapp 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="FFB70815EC147445FF802B45C42DFF87" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1698323617962" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A62B45AF3D05F4BC4D807CB24D453315">
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<mods:title id="99183139BEB0AEF775D8FA27A058AC9F">Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8859EAEDE7043FDA8229E692E15B7B63" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8495366BA25ABB4433F2498708552416">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="49F733F5FA932F4D50B5AA6D4ED7EA5F">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DCD9F2D03AA09C4662392B5F9BDEBE7">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="26305C35F2D687D33C77307618BCB9D0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="943620D8FA3926BE8F2C68526D5DF3E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FC253E624157A092F1E56E31F3A60502">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B46FA825617CBE9D909BDCEBF3142175">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0F3EBDA96596BACA73777F63F972AC10">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2F3EFBBB3036A939E5327A7AA4349116">
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<mods:date id="C4D6005ECD1933E1D8342FE7E508026A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1151AFCE7829BD415EA8DCC396CDE155" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="805F37FBB1EF17FC1603718F9BD365C6">3619</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1878A6A5A212BBC863F4B99BC63D030F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="04B5CEF785BC147E1BFB0CD672BD685E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A3A8111DF28B8E7580DE15FF059B139" type="GBIF-Dataset">2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="15F8A7B2F9E3B419F4F403A6040CAB0B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86387EE10306443F39CC1544BF43ED62" type="Zenodo-Dep">221852</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E706DEC1E7449FF172C70C58AFA66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6153184" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119560631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6153184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E706DEC1E7449FF172C70C58AFA66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E706DEC1E7449FF172C70C58AFA66" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1E744FFF172C70C624F8C8" box="[151,521,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1E744FFF172C70C624F8C8" blockId="10.[151,521,1845,1871]" box="[151,521,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="D0D07617EC1E744FFF172C70C624F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,521,1845,1871]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1E744FFF172C70C624F8C8" ID-CoL="6Q49J" authority="Rapp, 2004" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,521,1845,1871]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1E744FFF172C70C624F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,521,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1E744FFF172C70C558F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,373,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">Leucascus lobatus</emphasis>
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Rapp, 2004
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1E744FFF172C31C4EBF872" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1E744FFF172C31C696F829" blockId="10.[151,1436,1906,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1E744FFF172C31C53CF80C" box="[151,273,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Cortex composed of tripods with a fourth rudimentary actine. Skeleton of the tubes composed of triactines and tetractines with cylindrical actines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1E744FFF472CFFC4EBF872" blockId="10.[151,1436,1906,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1E744FFF472CFFC6A8F855" box="[199,645,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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Synonymies:
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1E744FFEDD2CFFC6A8F855" authority="Brondsted 1933: 4" authorityName="Brondsted" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1933" box="[349,645,1978,2002]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">Leucosolenia primordialis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: Brøndsted 1933: 4 (see Rapp 2004),
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1E744FFBB92CFEC4EEF872" authority="Rapp 2004: 119" authorityName="Rapp" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="2004" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1E744FFBB92CFEC125F855" box="[1081,1288,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">Leucascus lobatus</emphasis>
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: Rapp 2004: 119
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1F744EFF472BDCC643FF70" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1F744EFF472BDCC060FF53" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1F744EFF472BDCC55FFF37" box="[199,370,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC1F744EFF472BDCC4D4FF37" box="[199,249,153,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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ZMUC POR-245 (
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC1F744EFDE72BD2C6F9FF28" box="[615,724,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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; Kap Farvel (6007.7’N, 4417’W),
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<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC1F744EFB082BD2C12DFF28" box="[1160,1280,151,175]" name="Greenland" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Greenland</collectingCountry>
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; Kap Farvel Expedition;
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<date id="FF99E7BBEC1F744EFEA02BF9C58EFF53" box="[288,419,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" value="1970-08-08">08/08/1970</date>
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; depth:
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<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC1F744EFE7B2BF9C6BEFF53" box="[507,659,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="240.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="230.0">230 to 250 m</quantity>
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; substratum composed of large stones).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1F744EFF472BA4C643FF70" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,356]" box="[199,622,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1F744EFF472BA4C572FF7F" box="[199,351,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC1F744EFF472BA4C4D6FF7F" box="[199,251,225,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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Kap Farvel,
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<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC1F744EFE722B9AC647FF70" box="[498,618,223,247]" name="Greenland" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Greenland</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1F7449FF472A40C6F0FC6E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1F744EFF472A40C029FEE3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1F744EFF472A40C579FE9B" box="[199,340,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Description:</emphasis>
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Colour is white after fixation. The cormus is lobate and the oscula are surrounded by membrane. The surface is smooth and perforated by inhalant apertures (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1F744EFCE82A62C7E3FEB8" box="[872,974,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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A). The tubes are tightly and regularly anastomosed. The atrial surface is smooth. Reproductive elements are present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5891F3EC1F744EFF172CDCC6F2F86A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" targetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1F744EFF172CDCC6F2F86A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1945,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1F744EFF172CDCC535F828" bold="true" box="[151,280,1945,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1F744EFEA42CDEC5C9F828" box="[292,484,1945,1968]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1F744EFEA42CDEC5C9F828" box="[292,484,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Leucascus lobatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZMUCPOR-245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472BD2C7FDFEE3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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Skeleton: The cortical membrane could be recognized only in some regions (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FBA62BD2C0AAFF28" box="[1062,1159,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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B). The cortical skeleton is formed by tripods varying in size and organized in several layers. These spicules are exclusively cortical. Triactines with cylindrical actines are also present in the cortical skeleton, surrounding the inhalant apertures. The skeleton of the tubes is composed of triactines and tetractines with cylindrical actines. This last category of spicule projects the apical actine into the lumen of the tubes (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FC8A2A62C740FEB8" box="[778,877,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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C), but smooth tubes are also present. The atrial skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines with cylindrical actines.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5891F3EC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C" ID-Table-UUID="DF5891F3EC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C" box="[151,989,403,427]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5891F3EC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" targetBox="[160,1426,459,702]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
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||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C" blockId="12.[151,989,403,427]" box="[151,989,403,427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172AD6C524FE2C" bold="true" box="[151,265,403,427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
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Spicules measurements (µm) of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FC922AD1C7FBFE2C" box="[786,982,404,427]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FC922AD1C7FBFE2C" box="[786,982,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus lobatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF4C2A8EC1BFFD39" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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||
<table id="F92733DBEC188BBAFF202A8EC1BFFD39" box="[160,1426,459,702]" gridcols="9" gridrows="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF202A8EC1BFFE65" box="[160,1426,459,482]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFF202A8EC509FE65" box="[160,292,459,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF4C2A8EC509FE65" bold="true" box="[204,292,459,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Spicules</emphasis>
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||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFEFE2A8EC5E9FE65" box="[382,452,459,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FEFE2A8EC5E9FE65" bold="true" box="[382,452,459,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Actine</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF52A8EC707FE65" box="[629,810,459,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FD062A89C723FE65" bold="true" box="[646,782,459,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Length (µm)</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB82A8EC0F6FE65" box="[1080,1243,459,482]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FBC12A8EC0ECFE65" bold="true" box="[1089,1217,459,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Width (µm)</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFAF02A8EC1BFFE65" box="[1392,1426,459,482]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FAF02A89C1AFFE66" bold="true" box="[1392,1410,460,481]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">N</emphasis>
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</th>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF202ABDC1BFFD89" box="[160,1426,504,526]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-8="1">
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||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFD862ABDC661FD89" box="[518,588,504,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Min.</td>
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<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF52ABDC707FD89" box="[629,810,504,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Mean SD</td>
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<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFCD52ABDC789FD89" box="[853,932,504,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Max.</td>
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||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFC4A2ABDC03DFD89" box="[970,1040,504,526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Min.</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB82ABDC0F6FD89" box="[1080,1243,504,526]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Mean SD</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFA832ABDC160FD89" box="[1283,1357,504,526]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Max.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF202961C1BFFDBD" box="[160,1426,548,570]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFF202961C509FDBD" box="[160,292,548,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Tripod</th>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFD862961C661FDBD" box="[518,588,548,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">91.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF52961C707FDBD" box="[629,810,548,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">153.2 22.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFCD52961C789FDBD" box="[853,932,548,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">213.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFC4A2961C03DFDBD" box="[970,1040,548,570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB82961C0F6FDBD" box="[1080,1243,548,570]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">14.1 1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFA832961C160FDBD" box="[1283,1357,548,570]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">16.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFAF02961C1BFFDBD" box="[1392,1426,548,570]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF202915C1BFFDE1" box="[160,1426,592,614]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFF202915C509FDE1" box="[160,292,592,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Triactine</th>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFD862915C661FDE1" box="[518,588,592,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">88.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF52915C707FDE1" box="[629,810,592,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">118.5 10.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFCD52915C789FDE1" box="[853,932,592,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">145.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFC4A2915C03DFDE1" box="[970,1040,592,614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB82915C0F6FDE1" box="[1080,1243,592,614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">8.4 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFA832915C160FDE1" box="[1283,1357,592,614]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFAF02915C1BFFDE1" box="[1392,1426,592,614]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF202939C1BFFD15" box="[160,1426,636,658]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<th id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFF202939C509FD15" box="[160,292,636,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Tetractine</th>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFEFE2939C5E9FD15" box="[382,452,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Basal</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFD862939C661FD15" box="[518,588,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">98.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF52939C707FD15" box="[629,810,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">123.2 15.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFCD52939C789FD15" box="[853,932,636,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">156.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFC4A2939C03DFD15" box="[970,1040,636,658]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB82939C0F6FD15" box="[1080,1243,636,658]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">8.4 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFA832939C160FD15" box="[1283,1357,636,658]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFAF02939C1BFFD15" box="[1392,1426,636,658]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3517C339EC188BBAFF2029EDC1BFFD39" box="[160,1426,680,702]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFEFE29EDC5E9FD39" box="[382,452,680,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Apical</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFD8629EDC661FD39" box="[518,588,680,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">52.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFDF529EDC707FD39" box="[629,810,680,702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">70.9 13.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFCD529EDC789FD39" box="[853,932,680,702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">104.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFC4A29EDC03DFD39" box="[970,1040,680,702]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFBB829EDC0F6FD39" box="[1080,1243,680,702]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">3.9 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFA8329EDC160FD39" box="[1283,1357,680,702]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76C6AA45EC188BBAFAF029EDC1BFFD39" box="[1392,1426,680,702]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF4729BCC5B4FC96" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" box="[199,409,761,785]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF4729BCC509FC96" box="[199,292,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5F4C0EC187449FEB329BCC5A5FC96" box="[307,392,761,785]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,239,403,427]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,459,702]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicules measurements (µm) of the holotype of Leucascus lobatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5891F3EC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" tableUuid="DF5891F3EC187449FF172AD6C7F0FE2C">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472858C73AFCDE" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF50285BC4F5FCB2" box="[208,216,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">i</emphasis>
|
||
) Tripods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FECD2858C583FCB2" box="[333,430,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D): Regular and variable in size. Actines are straight with blunt tips, but they are not stout as typical tripods. A fourth rudimentary actine is present;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472820C694FC26" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF502823C4CDFCFA" box="[208,224,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">ii</emphasis>
|
||
) Triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FEF12820C5F9FCFA" box="[369,468,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E): Regular, except around the inhalant apertures where they are sagittal. Actines are cylindrical, straight, and with blunt or sharp tips;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF4728E8C6F0FC6E" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF5028EBC4CAFC42" box="[208,231,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">iii</emphasis>
|
||
) Tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FE0628E8C5C4FC42" box="[390,489,941,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E): Similar to the triactines, but with an apical actine that is shorter than the basal ones and ornamented with small spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC187449FDDD2894C693FC6E" box="[605,702,977,1001]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,409,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1429,409,1924]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR- 245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC187449FF4728B0C5B0FAAA" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF4728B0C5B0FAAA" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF4728B0C51FFB8A" box="[199,306,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
According to Rapp (2004), tetractines are also present in the cortical skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FB3728B3C10BFB8A" box="[1207,1318,1013,1037]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FB3728B3C10BFB8A" box="[1207,1318,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in the present work these spicules were found only in the skeleton of the tubes and atrium, suggesting that they are not regularly distributed in the cortex of the sponge. Moreover, the occurrence of triactines around the inhalant apertures and the presence of spines in the apical actine of the tetractines are here described for the first time.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FF172FC3C5B5FB1A" box="[151,408,1157,1181]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leptoraphis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172FC3C5B5FB1A" box="[151,408,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus leptoraphis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FC8D2FC3C7AFFB1A" box="[781,898,1157,1181]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FC8D2FC3C7AFFB1A" box="[781,898,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both of them present skeleton composed of triactines and tetractines with cylindrical actines, and tripods. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FC7D2FEFC0B1FB46" box="[1021,1180,1193,1217]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leptoraphis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FC7D2FEFC0B1FB46" box="[1021,1180,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. leptoraphis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FB562FEFC164FB46" box="[1238,1353,1193,1217]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FB562FEFC164FB46" box="[1238,1353,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily differentiated mainly based on the shape of the cormus, spicule size, and abundance of tetractines (which is high in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FF732FB7C54AFA8E" box="[243,359,1265,1289]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF732FB7C54AFA8E" box="[243,359,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FE792FB7C6B7FA8E" box="[505,666,1265,1289]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leptoraphis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FE792FB7C6B7FA8E" box="[505,666,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">L. leptoraphis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The presence of tripods with a fourth rudimentary actine is also exclusive of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FEA62E53C5B0FAAA" box="[294,413,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FEA62E53C5B7FAAA" box="[294,410,1301,1325]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">L. lobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC187449FF472E7CC58AFA66" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472E7CC58AFA66" blockId="12.[151,1436,761,1505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF472E7CC574FAD6" box="[199,345,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
North Atlantic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FD942E7FC6CEFAD6" box="[532,739,1337,1361]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FD942E7FC6CEFAD6" box="[532,739,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FC092E7CC02FFAD6" box="[905,1026,1337,1361]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Julianehåb Bank (Brøndsted 1933), Kap Farvel (6007.7’N, 4417’W; 6015’N, 4417’W; 6004,5’N, 4302.7’W), Tjalfe station (6506’N, 5419’W), Godthaab station (6022’N, 4727’W), East of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FD192EC4C723FA1E" box="[665,782,1409,1433]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(7040’N, 22W), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FB832EC4C069FA1E" box="[1027,1092,1409,1433]" name="Sweden" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Thule</collectingCountry>
|
||
station (7634,5’N, 6924,5’W) (Rapp 2004). Spalding
|
||
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FE212EE3C5F9FA3A" box="[417,468,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007) corresponding ecoregions: East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FC232EE0C035FA3A" box="[931,1048,1445,1469]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FB2B2EE0C10DFA3A" box="[1195,1312,1445,1469]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, and Baffin Bay-Davis Strait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |