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<document id="28BD837CF2E6078A285594B79E879B85" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221852" ID-ZooBank="92C07D63-F2F5-4898-A7FE-4937F4D5A043" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460577976854" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Rapp, Hans Tore &amp; Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2013" docId="038E706DEC18744AFF172D70C542FF54" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03619p314.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3619 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucascus neocaledonicus Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="FFB70815EC147445FF802B45C42DFF87" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="287" updateTime="1698323617962" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="60FE2BBF2AA08BA48FEADECADDBDC3A0">Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="032ED8D9965EF55E973BC24A8CABFF49" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7C54775EDA896B339E8AE2DB4EFCBFF3">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D42E2BC3C51837673915C3A9A558FD3">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5C7962F1605DB576FC9DD8E1F1F9A1C">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8257ADE1EA7F29DAE8309A64DC99BD8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="23D5CE37EB59F57218F9B3F216EF97F6">
<mods:date id="172735B38779B3F647AA9BB735EBBCF2">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADF3B4E08C0E047BF1AD4160453CC351">3619</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2261187996E3F5B19BF495046D8ABA14">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5B48112D4C24E69391D1D7707F013A77">275</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="BDDECFEC9DF86C4B5240FF5CAEA3549B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="92C3E0D247FD91B5D48A13FF90AA3C7D" type="GBIF-Dataset">2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4A403902A52D610AFCC48C863A97894" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="240A161128689A3A36690AAF6474E660" type="Zenodo-Dep">221852</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F484415375C5C25AB5E462F64C40B068" type="ZooBank">92C07D63-F2F5-4898-A7FE-4937F4D5A043</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E706DEC18744AFF172D70C542FF54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6153186" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119560634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6153186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E706DEC18744AFF172D70C542FF54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E706DEC18744AFF172D70C542FF54" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC187449FF172D70C702F9C8" box="[151,815,1589,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF172D70C702F9C8" blockId="12.[151,815,1589,1615]" box="[151,815,1589,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<heading id="D0D07617EC187449FF172D70C702F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,815,1589,1615]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FF172D70C702F9C8" ID-CoL="723XJ" authority="Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,815,1589,1615]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172D70C702F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,815,1589,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172D70C5F5F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,472,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC187449FF172D38C063F887" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF172D38C0D9F93F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1660,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172D38C53CF913" box="[151,273,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Cortical membrane with mainly triactines. Skeleton of the choanocyte tubes with the same proportion of triactines and tetractines. Atrial skeleton composed mainly of triactines. Tubes are mainly hispid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472D80C063F887" blockId="12.[151,1436,1660,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF472D80C626F95B" box="[199,523,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
Synonymies:
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FEE02D81C626F95B" authority="Levi 1998: 76" authorityName="Levi" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1998" box="[352,523,1732,1756]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grisea">Ascaltis grisea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: Lévi 1998: 76;
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FD5A2D80C1BAF95B" authority="Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000: 191" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="2000" box="[730,1431,1732,1756]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FD5A2D80C024F95B" box="[730,1033,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
: Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000: 191
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FF172DADC4DDF887" box="[151,240,1768,1792]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF172DADC4DDF887" box="[151,240,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Ascaltis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2: Wörheide
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FE2F2DACC5CCF887" box="[431,481,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
. 2004: 819;
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC187449FDEE2DACC6CFF887" box="[622,738,1769,1792]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FDEE2DACC6CFF887" box="[622,738,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Leucascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.: Dohrmann
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FC172DACC7E5F887" box="[919,968,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
. 2006: 832.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC187449FF472C48C5DBF85F" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472C48C041F8CF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1660,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF472C48C55FF8A3" box="[199,370,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC187449FF472C48C4D6F8A3" box="[199,251,1805,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02 and UFRJPOR 5033 (Holotypes—two fragments of the same specimen—Canal Woodin, station 1376,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FDE32C74C739F8CF" box="[611,788,1840,1864]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
; depth: between 26 and
<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC187449FBA22C75C072F8CF" box="[1058,1119,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472C10C6E7F8EB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1660,2008]" box="[199,714,1876,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF472C10C572F8EB" box="[199,351,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC187449FF472C10C4D6F8EB" box="[199,251,1877,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Canal Woodin,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FD952C10C6EBF8EB" box="[533,710,1876,1900]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC187449FF472C3DC5DBF85F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1660,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC187449FF472C3DC608F817" box="[199,549,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Additional analysed material:</emphasis>
UFRJPOR 5026 (Banc Gail, station 114,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FBAC2C3CC0C9F817" box="[1068,1252,1912,1936]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
; depth:
<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC187449FACB2C3DC1A2F817" box="[1355,1423,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
); UFRJPOR 5027 (Station 374,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FE692CD8C6B6F833" box="[489,667,1948,1972]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
); UFRJPOR 5028 (Station 1216,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FB8E2CD8C0EDF833" box="[1038,1216,1948,1972]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
); and QM G316051 (Great Barrier Reef,
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC187449FEFE2C85C5C7F85F" box="[382,490,1984,2008]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Australia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC19744BFF472BDCC1BFFD3D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC197448FF472BDCC50CFEB8" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC197448FF472BDCC579FF37" box="[199,340,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Description:</emphasis>
The colour of this sponge is white alive (Lévi 1998), becoming beige after fixation. The
<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC197448FABA2BD2C1B1FF28" box="[1338,1436,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
consists of one fragment measuring 2.5 x 1.5 x
<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC197448FD2E2BF9C6D6FF53" box="[686,763,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
(MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02) and several smaller fragments, measuring about 2.0 x 1.0 x
<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC197448FE532B9AC633FF70" box="[467,542,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
(UFRJPOR 5033). The body is massive, lobate (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC197448FBBF2B9AC0B3FF70" box="[1087,1182,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Figure 7</figureCitation>
A), and its consistency is firm. Oscula are localised at the top of elevations and have no ornamentation. The tubes are tightly anastomosed (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC197448FF1E2A62C4D2FEB8" box="[158,255,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Figure 7</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5891F3EC197448FF172CD5C61FF864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" targetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC197448FF172CD5C61FF864" blockId="13.[151,1436,1936,2019]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC197448FF172CD5C539F821" bold="true" box="[151,276,1936,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC197448FE9C2CD7C607F821" box="[284,554,1936,1959]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC197448FE9C2CD7C607F821" box="[284,554,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF472BD2C712FEB8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
The cortical membrane is thin and composed mainly of triactines, but some tetractines are also present (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFAD12BD2C48BFF54" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figure 7</figureCitation>
C). In this region, the triactines are variable in size (both length and thickness). Inside, the skeleton of the tubes is formed by triactines and tetractines, apparently in the same proportion. The tetractines point their apical actine into the lumen of these tubes (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFE4A2A46C61DFE9C" box="[458,560,259,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figure 7</figureCitation>
D). The atrial skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines, where the triactines are more abundant than the tetractines (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFD3E2A62C732FEB8" box="[702,799,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figure 7</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5891F3EC1A744BFF172A21C034FEFC" box="[151,1049,356,380]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF172A21C034FEFC" blockId="14.[151,1049,356,380]" box="[151,1049,356,380]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF172A21C524FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,265,356,380]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFDE02A21C756FEFC" box="[608,891,356,379]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFDE02A21C756FEFC" box="[608,891,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(H: holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF202AD9C0D0FE34" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[160,1277,412,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF202AD9C0D0FE34" bold="true" box="[160,1277,412,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Spicules/ Specimens Actine Length (µm) Width (µm)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFD382A8CC1ABFE58" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[696,1414,457,479]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Min Mean SD Max Min Mean SD Max N</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF202AB1C4D1FD8D" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[160,252,500,522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Triactine</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462964C1BFFDB1" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,545,567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02 (H) 44.2 102.9 21.4 137.8 9.1 14.2 3.1 18.2 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462908C1BFFDE5" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,589,611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5026 80.6 106.7 14.8 132.6 9.1 12.7 2.4 16.9 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF46293CC1BFFD09" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,633,655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5027 101.4 128.2 15.5 187.2 15.0 18.3 1.8 23.4 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF4629E0C1BFFD3D" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,677,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5028 98.8 131.2 19.6 169.0 11.7 15.2 2.4 19.5 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF462994C1BFFCED" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462994C1BEFD61" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1427,720,743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF462994C1BEFD61" bold="true" box="[198,1427,720,743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">All specimens 44.2 117.2 12.6 187.2 9.1 15.1 2.1 23.4 –</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF2029B8C6A9FC94" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[160,644,765,787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Tetractine Basal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF46286CC1BFFCB9" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,809,831]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02 (H) 70.2 103.2 12.6 124.8 6.5 14.1 2.1 18.2 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462810C1BFFCED" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,853,875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5026 80.6 102.1 8.1 114.4 10.4 12.1 1.0 14.3 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF4628C7C1BFFC45" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF4628C7C1BFFC10" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,897,919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5027 75.4 93.8 9.1 114.4 10.4 11.8 1.1 13.0 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF4628E8C1BFFC45" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,941,963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5028 83.2 108.0 9.5 122.2 9.1 12.8 1.4 16.9 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF46289CC1BFFBF5" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF46289CC1BEFC68" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1427,985,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF46289CC1BEFC68" bold="true" box="[198,1427,985,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">All specimens 70.2 101.8 5.1 124.8 6.5 12.7 0.9 18.2 –</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFDC62F40C6A4FB9C" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[582,649,1029,1051]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Apical</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462F77C1BEFBC0" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1427,1073,1096]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02 (H) 41.6 45.2 3.0 49.4 3.9 4.4 0.1 5.2 0 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462F18C1BFFBF5" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,1117,1139]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5026 36.4 62.3 22.6 156.0 2.6 4.8 1.0 6.5 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF462FCFC1BFFB4D" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462FCFC1BFFB18" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,1161,1183]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5027 39.0 71.0 29.1 140.4 3.9 5.8 1.4 9.1 30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462FF0C1BFFB4D" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" box="[198,1426,1205,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">UFRJPOR 5028 31.2 73.7 29.0 156.0 2.6 5.1 1.6 9.1 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF462FA4C4E5FA78" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF462FA4C5B5FACC" blockId="14.[160,1427,412,1272]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF462FA4C1BEFB70" bold="true" box="[198,1427,1249,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">All specimens 31.2 63.1 11.1 156.0 2.6 5.0 0.5 9.1 –</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF472E71C508FACB" box="[199,293,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6A5F4C0EC1A744BFEB32E76C5A4FACC" box="[307,393,1331,1355]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,239,356,380]" captionText="TABLE 5. Spicule measurements (µm) of Leucascus neocaledonicus (H: holotype)." pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Table 5</tableCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF472E12C5B4FA14" blockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
(
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF502E1DC4F5FAE8" box="[208,216,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">i</emphasis>
) Triactines (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFEE82E12C5FEFAE8" box="[360,467,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,377,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[158,1429,377,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221859/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figures 7</figureCitation>
F, 8A): Regular. Actines are conical, straight, with blunt tips. Their size is variable in the cortical membrane;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF472EDAC4E5FA78" blockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
(
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF502EE5C4CDFA30" box="[208,224,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">ii</emphasis>
) Tetractines (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFEFD2EDAC5C7FA30" box="[381,490,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,789,812]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,267,768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[158,1429,267,768]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); B, Apical actine of a tetractine (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221860/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figures 8</figureCitation>
A): Similar to the triactines. The apical actine is thinner and shorter than the basal ones, although sometimes it has the same length of them. It is ornamented with spines organized in rows (
<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC1A744BFAD12E86C488FA78" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,789,812]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,267,768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[158,1429,267,768]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C- 1999 - 02, holotype). A, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); B, Apical actine of a tetractine (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221860/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Figure 8</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744BFF472D4EC6CBF82A" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF472D4EC13EF935" blockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF472D4EC51FF9A4" box="[199,306,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Remarks:</emphasis>
Differently of the original description, we decided to consider only one category of triactines occurring in the choanosome and in the cortical and atrial membranes. In fact, the size of the triactines is variable in the cortical membrane, but is more uniform in the choanocyte tubes and in the atrial skeleton. The spines of the apical actine of the tetractines were not mentioned in the original description. They were more abundant in the specimen UFRJPOR 5027, but in all analysed specimens they were present, always organized in rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744BFF472DFAC6CBF82A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
In addition to
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFEF22DFAC66FF951" box="[370,578,1726,1750]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFEF22DFAC66FF951" box="[370,578,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three other species also have only one category of triactines and one of tetractines:
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFE9D2DA6C5AAF97D" box="[285,391,1763,1786]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFE9D2DA6C5AAF97D" box="[285,391,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. roseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFE1A2DA6C63FF97D" box="[410,530,1762,1786]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFE1A2DA6C63FF97D" box="[410,530,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFDD92DA6C695F97D" box="[601,696,1762,1786]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFDD92DA6C695F97D" box="[601,696,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. albus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC1A744BFD432DA6C732F97D" box="[707,799,1763,1786]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Despite this similarity there are important differences between them.
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFEC22C42C640F899" box="[322,621,1798,1822]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFEC22C42C640F899" box="[322,621,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFC822C42C745F899" box="[770,872,1799,1822]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFC822C42C745F899" box="[770,872,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. roseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the colour, white in the former and pink in the latter, and also by the presence of tetractines as the main spicule
<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC1A744BFCF62C6EC78BF8C4" box="[886,934,1835,1859]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">type</typeStatus>
in the atrial skeleton of
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFB3C2C6EC10EF8C5" box="[1212,1315,1835,1858]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFB3C2C6EC10EF8C5" box="[1212,1315,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. roseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most similar species to
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFEE12C0AC600F8E1" box="[353,557,1870,1894]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFEE12C0AC600F8E1" box="[353,557,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFDCF2C0AC6EFF8E1" box="[591,706,1870,1894]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFDCF2C0AC6EFF8E1" box="[591,706,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, they can be distinguished by the higher abundance of tetractines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFEAD2C36C5D5F80D" box="[301,504,1906,1930]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFEAD2C36C5D5F80D" box="[301,504,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFD862C36C702F80D" box="[518,815,1906,1930]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFD862C36C702F80D" box="[518,815,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Leucascus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFBB22C36C0A6F80D" box="[1074,1163,1906,1930]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFBB22C36C0A6F80D" box="[1074,1163,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. albus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC1A744BFB132C37C0C4F80E" box="[1171,1257,1906,1929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
mainly because of the presence of microdiactines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC1A744BFDAE2CD2C6A5F829" box="[558,648,1942,1966]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFDAE2CD2C6A5F829" box="[558,648,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L. albus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC1A744BFD0F2CD3C6CBF82A" box="[655,742,1942,1965]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC1A744AFF472CFCC542FF54" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC1A744AFF472CFCC542FF54" blockId="14.[151,1436,1331,2037]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,211]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFF472CFCC574F856" box="[199,345,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Distribution:</emphasis>
West Pacific Ocean: Canal Woodin and Banc Gail—New
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC1A744BFB9E2CFCC0BDF856" box="[1054,1168,1977,2001]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000); Great Barrier Reef—Australia (Wörheide
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFD5C2C9BC73EF872" box="[732,787,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">et al</emphasis>
. 2004; Dohrmann
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFC772C9BC003F872" box="[1015,1070,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">et al</emphasis>
. 2006). Spalding
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC1A744BFA872C9BC113F872" box="[1287,1342,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">et al</emphasis>
. (2007) corresponding ecoregions:
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC1B744AFE4B2BDDC652FF28" box="[459,639,151,175]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, Torres Strait Northern Great Barrier Reef, and Central and Southern Great Barrier Reef.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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