243 lines
30 KiB
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243 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="7E49EE4AA3B61D4043EF4248AC71BCE7" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2022.11.1.029" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13140154" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722399903568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas, Park, Sun-Jae & Aukštikalnienė, Hye-Woo Byun and Rasa" docDate="2022" docId="038E434AFFA4665CD79AF818FDC42E58" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.11.1.29-37.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 11 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Prionolabis Osten Sacken 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFB73B32FFA5665ED70AFFABFF832863" masterDocTitle="Prionolabis crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1722400374751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4789EBC423E1192CD15E2F8DC239E596">
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<mods:title id="D52239ECA0E9B9818F36C900FE0DC0EC">Prionolabis crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="729CE5D06BAE68A86DE86EF35A656824" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="47D1AAAA72FAA7A79390A9B1B18B64EB">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="999FA2E374000B9378B6D536019092B1">Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT- 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania & Life Sciences Center of Vilnius University, Sauletekio str. 7, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="773084141DE63B7BAFBBC5D923FE9419" type="email">sigitas.podenas@gamtc.lt</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CE69FA5F17877EAD171025CFEEDE0A84">Park, Sun-Jae</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E54AB5BED7BBA14FC023945185EA86A6">Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="ABBEF93D45E02E01AAC30F240D03F7F8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5A9171388D76AA5D124FBCC896825089">Aukštikalnienė, Hye-Woo Byun and Rasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E0FF1A1F291EF5466753D70EA6F60836">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F5F6BA3DD86A3A812978DED4E7393A89">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="32A7907EEF0255D4DA876108BE068DEC">
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<mods:date id="AE9E0005657A30845AAACE1D08C3E742">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5E2EFA76BAEAA70558C73627B7E962DC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EAE6E1655DB333208CDF66516086DD18">11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9CC1D113013C383157F223F1A18DCCA5" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="23E55C529A8B18483978039860D869C9" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2022.11.1.029</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E434AFFA4665CD79AF818FDC42E58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E434AFFA4665CD79AF818FDC42E58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E434AFFA4665CD79AF818FDC42E58" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C33DA1D7FFA4665FD79AF818FE702FA8" box="[144,499,1971,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD79AF818FE702FA8" blockId="1.[144,499,1971,1995]" box="[144,499,1971,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0D04530FFA4665FD79AF818FE702FA8" bold="true" box="[144,499,1971,1995]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA4665FD79AF818FE702FA8" ID-CoL="87K3G" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[144,499,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Prionolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD79AF818FE702FA8" bold="true" box="[144,499,1971,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD79AF818FE8C2FA8" bold="true" box="[144,271,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Prionolabis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD61CF818FE702FA8" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[278,499,1971,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="197 - 254" refId="ref6878" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. 1860. New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 254" type="book chapter" year="1860">Osten Sacken, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DA1D7FFA4665FD423FEAEFADD291D" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD423FEAEFAC0295E" blockId="1.[809,1414,261,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37D572FFA4665FD423FEAEFAC0295E" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD423FEAEFA01297E" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[809,1410,261,285]" page="239" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1860">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA4665FD423FEAEFA01297E" authority="Osten Sacken 1860: 239" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1860" box="[809,1410,261,285]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Prionolabis">
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD423FEAEFC2D297E" box="[809,942,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Limnophila</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD4B5FEAEFBCB297E" box="[959,1096,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Prionolabis</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD357FEAEFA01297E" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[1117,1410,261,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="197 - 254" refId="ref6878" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. 1860. New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 254" type="book chapter" year="1860">Osten Sacken 1860: 239</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. -
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD45CFE8EFB8E295E" author="Ishida, H." box="[854,1037,293,317]" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD45CFE8EFB8E295E" author="Ishida, H." box="[854,1037,293,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref6763" refString="Ishida, H. 1959. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera (Diptera). V. Limo- niinae, Tribe Hexatomini. Science Report of the Hyogo University of Agriculture, Serie Natural Sciences 4 (1): 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1959">Ishida 1959: 2-3</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. -
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD32CFE8EFA8A295E" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1062,1289,293,317]" page="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD32CFE8EFA8A295E" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1062,1289,293,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="196 - 486" refId="ref6525" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1966 (Reprint of 1943). Family Tipulidae. In: Crampton, G. C. et al., Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. First Fascicle. Bulletin Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 64: 196 - 486." type="journal article" year="1966">Alexander 1966: 379</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 391.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD423FEEEFADD291D" blockId="1.[809,1414,261,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37D572FFA4665FD423FEEEFADD291D" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD423FEEEFAD5293E" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" box="[809,1366,325,350]" page="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1976">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA4665FD423FEEEFAD5293E" ID-CoL="87K3G" authority="Savchenko & Krivolutskaya 1976: 58" authorityName="Savchenko & Krivolutskaya" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1976" box="[809,1366,325,350]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Prionolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD423FEEEFC2A293E" box="[809,937,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Prionolabis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD4B8FEEEFAD5293E" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" box="[946,1366,325,350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref7188" refString="Savchenko, E. N. and G. O. Krivolutskaya. 1976. Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. Akadimiya Nauk Ukrainian SSR, Kiev: 1 - 160 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1976">Savchenko & Krivolutskaya 1976: 58</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 70. -
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD45CFECDFBB0291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[854,1075,358,382]" page="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD45CFECDFBB0291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[854,1075,358,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref7039" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1983. Limoniidae of South Primorye. Aka- demiy Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 156 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1983">Savchenko 1983: 50</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD334FECDFB2F291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1086,1196,358,382]" page="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD334FECDFB2F291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1086,1196,358,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref7086" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1986. Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. (General description, subfamilies Pediciinae and Hex- atominae). Fauna Ukrainy 14 (2): 1 - 380 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1986">1986: 299</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A86D44DFFA4665FD3BDFECDFAD9291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1207,1370,358,382]" page="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD3BDFECDFAD9291D" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1207,1370,358,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 377" refId="ref7125" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1989. Komary-limoniidy fauny SSSR [Limoniidae fauna of the USSR]. Determination tables of superspecies taxa with catalogue survey of species. Akadimiya Nauk Ukrainian SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 377 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1989">1989: 112-113</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DA1D7FFA4665CD423FE2CFDC42E58" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD423FE2CFC3029DD" blockId="1.[809,1414,261,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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<typeStatus id="549C4CFEFFA4665FD423FE2CFCDD29FC" box="[809,862,391,415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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species -
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<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA4665FD4C0FE2DFA0629FD" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[970,1413,390,414]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufibasis">
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD4C0FE2DFB2B29FD" box="[970,1192,390,414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Limnophila rufibasis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA4665FD3BAFE2DFA0629FD" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[1200,1413,390,414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" pagination="197 - 254" refId="ref6878" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. 1860. New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 254" type="book chapter" year="1860">Osten Sacken, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Nearctic).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD435FE4CFC07299C" blockId="1.[809,1414,487,1995]" box="[831,900,487,511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD435FDACFB7A2AA3" blockId="1.[809,1414,487,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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Small to medium-sized crane flies with body length 6.0-
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<quantity id="4CDF5FB9FFA4665FD453FD8CFC382A5C" box="[857,955,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
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, wing length
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<quantity id="4CDF5FB9FFA4665FD35EFD8CFB252A5C" box="[1108,1190,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
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to
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<quantity id="4CDF5FB9FFA4665FD3C7FD8CFAA82A5C" box="[1229,1323,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
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in fully winged specimens, females of some species brachypterous with wing length about
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<quantity id="4CDF5FB9FFA4665FD358FDC3FB262A1C" box="[1106,1189,616,640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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. General body coloration varies from brownish yellow to dark brown, gray, or black, but most species are dark colored.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD44AFD62FCE52C07" blockId="1.[809,1414,487,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Head: Rounded posteriorly without neck-like exten- sion. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, width of ver- tex approximately equals length of both basal antennomeres taken together. Male antenna medium-long to long, reaching from base of wing to tip of abdomen, if bent backwards, female antenna shorter. If antenna shorter, then length of verticils approximately equals length of respective segments, but if longer, then verticils missing. Flagellomeres covered with erect pubescence on ventral side. Scape elongate, subcylindrical, pedicel short, egg-shaped. Flagellum usually 14-segmented, sometimes 13-segmented, flagellomeres short or elongate. Rostrum short.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA4665FD44AFBC7FB302FA8" blockId="1.[809,1414,487,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
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Thorax: Frontal margin of pronotum without emar- gination. Mesonotal prescutum without tubercular pits, pseudosutural fovea closer to anterior margin of sclerite, longitudinal stripes missing. Pleuron uniformly colored, katepisternum setoseless. Meron small, thus middle and posterior coxae close together. Wing wide and pattern- less (
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<figureCitation id="131CEED9FFA4665FD457FA85FC332D25" box="[861,944,1326,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[412,1199,264,813]" captionTargetId="figure-443@2.[278,1374,254,821]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Sexual dimorphism in Prionolabis Osten Sacken, 1860. A. male of P. acanthophora (Alexander, 1938). B. female of P. hospes (Egger, 1863). Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), wing cells without macrotrichiae. Females of many species with reduced wings unsuitable for flight (
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<figureCitation id="131CEED9FFA4665FD43BFAC5FC062DE5" box="[817,901,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,839,861]" captionTargetBox="[412,1199,264,813]" captionTargetId="figure-443@2.[278,1374,254,821]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Sexual dimorphism in Prionolabis Osten Sacken, 1860. A. male of P. acanthophora (Alexander, 1938). B. female of P. hospes (Egger, 1863). Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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). Arculus present. Vein
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD386FAC4FB262DE5" box="[1164,1189,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Sc</emphasis>
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long, reaching wing margin at or slightly beyond branching point of
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD239FA24FACD2DC5" box="[1331,1358,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Rs</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD256FA24FA062DC5" box="[1372,1413,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">sc-r</emphasis>
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before tip of
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<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD4B1FA04FC572DA5" box="[955,980,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Sc</emphasis>
|
|
. Radial sector long, arched or angulate and short spurred at base, usually branching into
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD233FA7BFACA2D84" box="[1337,1353,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD233FA7BFACA2D84" box="[1337,1353,1488,1511]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD243FA7CFA052D8B" attach="left" box="[1353,1414,1495,1512]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">2 + 3 + 4</subScript>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD452FA5BFCEB2E64" box="[856,872,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD452FA5BFCEB2E64" box="[856,872,1520,1543]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD462FA5CFCF22E6B" attach="left" box="[872,881,1527,1544]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">5</subScript>
|
|
, but in some species into
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD384FA5BFB1D2E64" box="[1166,1182,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD384FA5BFB1D2E64" box="[1166,1182,1520,1543]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD395FA5CFB412E6B" attach="left" box="[1183,1218,1527,1544]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">2+ 3</subScript>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD3F2FA5BFA8B2E64" box="[1272,1288,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD3F2FA5BFA8B2E64" box="[1272,1288,1520,1543]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD202FA5CFAA82E6B" attach="left" box="[1288,1323,1527,1544]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">4 + 5</subScript>
|
|
. Length of
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD44DF9BBFCD42E44" box="[839,855,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD44DF9BBFCD42E44" box="[839,855,1552,1575]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD45DF9BCFCE32E4B" attach="left" box="[855,864,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
|
varies from short and oblique to slightly elongate.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD423F99AFCBA2E2B" box="[809,825,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD423F99AFCBA2E2B" box="[809,825,1585,1608]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD433F993FCC12E2A" attach="left" box="[825,834,1592,1609]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">2</subScript>
|
|
before
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD491F99AFC282E2B" box="[923,939,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD491F99AFC282E2B" box="[923,939,1585,1608]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD4A6F993FC362E2A" attach="left" box="[940,949,1592,1609]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
|
tip, but position varies according to species.
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD46FF9FAFCF62E0B" box="[869,885,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD46FF9FAFCF62E0B" box="[869,885,1617,1640]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD47CF9F3FCFC2E0A" attach="left" box="[886,895,1624,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">3</subScript>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD4B0F9FAFC492E0B" box="[954,970,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED366A99FFA4665FD4B0F9FAFC492E0B" box="[954,970,1617,1640]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD4C1F9F3FC572E0A" attach="left" box="[971,980,1624,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">4</subScript>
|
|
diverging. Cell
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD39AF9FAFB192E0B" box="[1168,1178,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">r</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD391F9F3FB272E0A" attach="left" box="[1179,1188,1624,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">3</subScript>
|
|
with short stem, or stem is missing completely. Cell
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD387F9DAFB232EEB" box="[1165,1184,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">m</emphasis>
|
|
<subScript id="17A3F019FFA4665FD3ABF9D3FB292EEA" attach="left" box="[1185,1194,1656,1673]" fontSize="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">1</subScript>
|
|
present or absent, if present, then it has long stem distinctly longer than cell itself. Discal cell slightly elongate. Cross-vein
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD239F919FAEA2EAA" box="[1331,1385,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">m-cu</emphasis>
|
|
at about one-third to middle of discal cell. Vein
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD22CF979FAD52E8A" box="[1318,1366,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">CuP</emphasis>
|
|
and anal vein slightly diverging. Anal vein slightly sinuous, reaching wing margin close to the level of
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA4665FD3FEF8B9FA8C2F4A" box="[1268,1295,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Rs</emphasis>
|
|
base. Anal cell long with widely rounded posterior margin. Calypter setoseless. Halter long. Legs with well developed tibial spurs, single on fore, paired on middle and posteri- or leg. Claw simple, without spines. Arolium reaching to about middle of claw or beyond that.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF58A2D4FFA7665CD7A4FCECFE222B14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13140156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13140156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13140156/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" startId="2.[174,207,839,861]" targetBox="[412,1199,264,813]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA7665CD7A4FCECFE222B14" blockId="2.[174,1444,839,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA7665CD7A4FCECFF6A2B3F" bold="true" box="[174,233,839,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Sexual dimorphism in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA7665CD6B1FCECFD612B3E" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[443,738,839,861]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Prionolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA7665CD6B1FCECFDA62B3F" box="[443,549,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Prionolabis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA7665CD521FCECFD612B3E" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[555,738,839,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="197 - 254" refId="ref6878" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. 1860. New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 254" type="book chapter" year="1860">Osten Sacken, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A. male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA7665CD444FCE3FB0E2B3F" authority="(Alexander, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[846,1165,839,861]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Prionolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthophora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA7665CD444FCE3FC612B3F" box="[846,994,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">P. acanthophora</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA7665CD4E6FCECFB042B3F" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1004,1159,839,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="129 - 166" refId="ref6428" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1938. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XL. Philippine Journal of Science 67: 129 - 166." type="journal article" year="1938">Alexander, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. B. female of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2789DFFFA7665CD201FCE3FF652B1B" authority="(Egger, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Egger" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Prionolabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hospes">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9532E4EFFA7665CD201FCE3FADD2B3F" box="[1291,1374,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">P. hospes</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA7665CD262FCECFF5C2B1B" author="Egger, J." pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="1101 - 1110" refId="ref6687" refString="Egger, J. 1863. Dipterologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Ge- sellschaft in Wien 13: 1101 - 1110." type="journal article" year="1863">Egger, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA7665CD7CFFC15FE822D1A" blockId="2.[174,779,958,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Abdomen: Abdominal tergites with paired transverse sutures. Male terminalia just slightly wider than the rest of the abdomen. Ninth segment fused into complete gen- ital ring. Ninth tergite emarginate or with two lobules at middle of posterior margin. Gonocoxite without inter- base. Two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Outer gonostylus usually complicated with dentate or branched apex, often with additional lobe at middle or at base. Inner gonostylus often sclerotized with dentate or branched distal part. One pair of parameres. Paramere usually flattened, sometimes narrow, rod-shaped. Aedegus elongate, narrows towards tip, apex curved downwards. Ovipositor elongate. Distal part of cercus raised upwards, blunt-apexed.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA7665CD7CFFA29FE7C2DF9" blockId="2.[174,779,958,1595]" box="[197,511,1410,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Preimaginal stages unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98F25CFFA7665CD7CFFA09FDC42E58" blockId="2.[174,779,958,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
|
|
Genus has 73 extant species and no recognized subgenera. It has Holarctic and Oriental distribution, with most species recorded from Eastern Palaearctic (33) and Nearctic (23) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA7665CD643F9A8FD9A2E78" author="Oosterbroek, P." box="[329,537,1539,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refId="ref6850" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2021. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). Available from https: // ccw. naturalis. nl /" type="url" year="2021">Oosterbroek, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Fossils belonging to this genus unknown (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB68FADFFA7665CD685F988FDB82E58" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[399,571,1571,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refId="ref6710" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 2014. Family Limoniidae. In: Catalog of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera) website. [Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / fossilcat / fosslimoniidae. html. Version 16 Feb 2014]." type="url" year="2014">Evenhuis, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |