183 lines
20 KiB
XML
183 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="77824FC6516049B0EB07CF4E4C416662">Literature review of the systematics, biology and role in malaria transmission of species in the Afrotropical Anopheles subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93EDBBC3CA4B80619A7FF5E41FC4FB1C">Coetzee, Maureen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="931D6A639E22754DE09CF2B2B7E08865">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F7E0B7B7526F9B93135A9ADDC5E17A7B">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D87B8FF93FFC264B3FBA35CB5FA79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6522898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195192422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6522898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B8FF93FFC264B3FBA35CB5FA79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87B8FF93FFC264B3FBA35CB5FA79" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264B3FBA358BFFEF8" box="[151,414,935,961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264B3FBA358BFFEF8" blockId="11.[151,414,935,961]" box="[151,414,935,961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<heading id="D0D381C2FF93FFC264B3FBA358BFFEF8" bold="true" box="[151,414,935,961]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264B3FBA358BFFEF8" bold="true" box="[151,414,935,961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D2DFF93FFC264B3FBA3586DFEF8" ID-CoL="9CJDC" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,332,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">ANOPHELES</taxonomicName>
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Series
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264B3FBE85B92F93D" box="[151,691,1004,1028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264B3FBE85B92F93D" blockId="11.[151,691,1004,1028]" box="[151,691,1004,1028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D2DFF93FFC264B3FBE85B24F93D" ID-CoL="89Z34" authority="Edwards, 1938" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,517,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264B3FBE85847F93D" bold="true" box="[151,358,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Anopheles concolor</emphasis>
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Edwards, 1938
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC26630FBE95B09F93D" box="[532,552,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC2660AFBE95B8DF93D" author="Evans, A. M." box="[558,684,1004,1028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" refId="ref8223" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264B3FC375D1DF974" box="[151,1084,1074,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264B3FC375D1DF974" blockId="11.[151,1084,1074,1101]" box="[151,1084,1074,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4C3CF3FF93FFC264B3FC375D19F974" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763101308" box="[151,1080,1074,1101]" collectionCode="LOCALITY" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Kabila" municipality="Kwango Province" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="549F880CFF93FFC264B3FC3759FCF974" box="[151,221,1075,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">TYPE</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED35AE6BFF93FFC264C0FC375853F974" box="[228,370,1075,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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:
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<location id="8EFB6075FF93FFC26558FC3658E8F975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D87B8FF93FFC264B3FBA35CB5FA79:8EFB6075FF93FFC26558FC3658E8F975" box="[380,457,1074,1100]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Kwango Province" name="Kabila" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Kabila</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFFACD4FF93FFC265F1FC375B80F975" box="[469,673,1074,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Kwango Province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC26688FC365D19F974" box="[684,1080,1074,1101]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264B3FC7F5B83F8A9" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264B3FC7F587EF9AC" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" box="[151,351,1147,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">DESCRIPTION:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FC9B58D8F980" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" box="[199,505,1182,1209]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264E3FC9B5875F981" box="[199,340,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Wing length</emphasis>
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: 4.5–5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FCC75B61F9E5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" box="[199,576,1218,1245]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264E3FCC75827F9E5" box="[199,262,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131F2A2BFF93FFC26533FCC658A1F9E4" box="[279,384,1218,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,264,996,1020]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,188,968]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,181,972]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Anopheles concolor: a, wing; b, palpomere; c, hindleg (from Gillies & de Meillon 1968)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
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): Entirely dark.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FCE25B87F871" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264E3FCE258B5F839" box="[199,404,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Maxillary palpus</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131F2A2BFF93FFC2658CFCE25B37F838" box="[424,534,1254,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,264,996,1020]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,188,968]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,181,972]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Anopheles concolor: a, wing; b, palpomere; c, hindleg (from Gillies & de Meillon 1968)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Fig. 11b</figureCitation>
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): Smooth, with two pale bands, apical band covering whole of palpomere 5 and extreme apex of 4; basal band occupying apex of 2nd and base of 3rd palpomeres; a few pale scales sometimes present at apex of 3rd palpomere.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FD575B83F8A9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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||
<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264E3FD575820F855" box="[199,257,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Legs</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="131F2A2BFF93FFC26534FD565859F854" box="[272,376,1362,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,264,996,1020]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,188,968]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,181,972]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Anopheles concolor: a, wing; b, palpomere; c, hindleg (from Gillies & de Meillon 1968)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
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): Largely dark except for a few white scales at tips of forefemur and –tibia, and conspicuous pale bands at apices of hindfemur and -tibia.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264E3FD9F5865FBC0" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FD9F5B36F8C4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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LARVAL HABITAT: In the
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<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC2663BFD9F5B7FF88C" box="[543,606,1435,1461]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">DRC</collectingCountry>
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, in clear acid pools in
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D2DFF93FFC2674EFD9E5AC7F88D" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[874,998,1434,1460]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC2674EFD9E5AC7F88D" box="[874,998,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Sphagnum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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along the outer edge of thick gallery forest (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC264CFFDBA5B0CF8E0" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[235,557,1470,1497]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref8483" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
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). In the Meanja River in
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<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC26778FDBB5AF7F8E0" box="[860,982,1471,1497]" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC267C3FDBA5D9BF8E0" author="Wanji, S. & Mafo, F. F. & Tendongfor, N. & Tanga, M. C. & Tchuente, F. & Bilong Bilong, C. F. & Njine, T." box="[999,1210,1470,1497]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="75 - 80" refId="ref11977" refString="Wanji, S., Mafo, F. F., Tendongfor, N., Tanga, M. C., Tchuente, F., Bilong Bilong, C. F. & Njine, T. (2009) Spatial distribution, environmental and physicochemical characterization of Anopheles breeding sites in the Mount Cameroon region. Journal of Vector-borne Diseases, 46 (1), 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="2009">
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||
Wanji
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC2601CFDBB5D4CF8E1" box="[1080,1133,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2009
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and in swamps in
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<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC264B3FDE659DAF8C5" box="[151,251,1506,1532]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC2652EFDE65B2AF8C4" author="Getachew, D. & Balkew, M. & Tekie, H." box="[266,523,1506,1533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="65" refId="ref8334" refString="Getachew, D., Balkew, M. & Tekie, H. (2020) Anopheles larval species composition and characterization of breeding habitats in two localities in the Ghibe River Basin, southwestern Ethiopia. Malaria Journal, 19, 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12936 - 020 - 3145 - 8" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Getachew
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<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC265ADFDE758E5F8C5" box="[393,452,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FE035865FBC0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
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||
ADULT BIOLOGY: Adults of both sexes have been caught in large numbers resting in hollow trees in gallery forest in the southern savannas of the
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<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC2668BFE2F5BCEFB7C" box="[687,751,1579,1605]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">DRC</collectingCountry>
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. In certain conditions, the females attack humans in the forest by day, especially in the morning and late afternoon, but the results of precipitin tests on resting females showed that they feed mainly on antelopes. It is likely, from the presence of occasional specimens infected with sporozoites, that the species is implicated in the transmission of non-human malaria (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC26168FE92585CFBEC" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref8483" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC26593FEBE5B34FBED" box="[439,533,1722,1748]" name="Angola" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Angola</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="9D22FD27FF93FFC26606FEBF5B8DFBED" box="[546,684,1722,1749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
was caught in the early evening resting in a tent (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC26139FEBE5817FBC0" author="Ribeiro, H. & da Cunha Ramos, H." pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10985" refString="Ribeiro, H. & da Cunha Ramos, H. (1975) Research on the mosquitoes of Angola. VI - The genus Anopheles Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Culicidae) [sic]. Check-list with new records, keys to the females and larvae, distribution and bioecological notes. Garcia de Orta, Serie de Zoologia, 4 (1), 1 - 39, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1975">Ribeiro & Ramos 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E6525FF93FFC264E3FF075CB5FA79" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B36AEFF93FFC264E3FF075CB5FA79" blockId="11.[151,1437,1147,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC265BEFF0658CEFA25" box="[410,495,1794,1820]" name="Angola" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC265DDFF075B50FA24" box="[505,625,1795,1821]" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC2665EFF075B95FA24" box="[634,692,1795,1821]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC266E5FF065AA2FA24" author="Kyalo, D. & Amratia, P. & Mundia, C. W. & Mbogo, C. M. & Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W." box="[705,899,1794,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" refId="ref9587" refString="Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Research, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1" type="journal volume" year="2017">
|
||
Kyalo
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC26728FF075A62FA25" box="[780,835,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC267AAFF065D61FA24" author="Irish, S. R. & Kyalo, D. & Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M." box="[910,1088,1794,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="401 - 449" refId="ref9235" refString="Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Irish
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC267E3FF075AD7FA25" box="[967,1014,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333763EFF93FFC26123FF065C48FA25" box="[1287,1385,1794,1820]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C244D2DFF93FFC264B3FF235809FA79" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,296,1830,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC264B3FF235809FA79" box="[151,296,1830,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">An. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were identified from larval collections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B5FFF93FFC266CFFF225AFFFA78" author="Getachew, D. & Balkew, M. & Tekie, H." box="[747,990,1830,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="193" pagination="65" refId="ref8334" refString="Getachew, D., Balkew, M. & Tekie, H. (2020) Anopheles larval species composition and characterization of breeding habitats in two localities in the Ghibe River Basin, southwestern Ethiopia. Malaria Journal, 19, 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12936 - 020 - 3145 - 8" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Getachew
|
||
<emphasis id="B950EABCFF93FFC26747FF235ABDFA79" box="[867,924,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this record requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |