590 lines
66 KiB
XML
590 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="EBBB4799F3D69655B46EF0D113F48BF9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1039475-ade6-49f6-8ea7-c92c35b61c52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190308" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461111372257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maduwage, Kalana, Silva, Anjana, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum & Pethiyagoda, Rohan" docDate="2009" docId="038D1C750D6D7D07028AFB33130FFE25" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02232p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hypnale zara Gray 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB4640D0D637D14021DFFCA165CFFE5" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698594252685" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0BFF6E7AD5C41700638739BB3F43707B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2FBD48D0AED23211D87BEAE3E0A65313">
|
||
<mods:title id="E413A090B94BCE522216C7F543F8B350">A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="348047354F10036721D10D1FF4B1EB62" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AA19F8B88D62482EF33C12D1811B11FB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0154BBC9F4B3289405FCA0A3CFC5F639">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4025B89A3F349FFA4496DCD3F396B3CE">Maduwage, Kalana</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A13C89EC8627E9B1E195342FDC041612" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BCA91E33131F952F4BE08C67986580C3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="713E5900E7BDF0015A339101265A5D85">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="555FC70A1B866390F522F17EECBB1D7D">Silva, Anjana</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E129E176ACF0394F6615F56615A6B68C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="17218F4E47BA53E1F916E147F371240B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2BC7CE36D030D045CE7D45E47DB7DB0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8FC2ADD337F02E2690B97912BCCA526F">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CB8D13753E4892CE41C5260FAB1DB78C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CECD0DF64352F6667B191950AD96A7E6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B0B9DBE642558F784A1B29FE44CB515E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="624328655D1F9CEC4A5369BD0298A9F8">Pethiyagoda, Rohan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7DE56D561F51C2DEBE019163209488D7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3445DBC6C5E08B172CC4F7AF4D504A4B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="500EA5A864343E0F7F753D4B677350EE">
|
||
<mods:title id="6EB6064CB5B535A3A76F3F82E70C2639">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D70FF135C7A8FF039ED3D183A6B23512">
|
||
<mods:date id="C9D2E1266CB01D7AF699322B9757192B">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C391DB939850040B36693296AAD94648" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="EAB45ED65647E80D099887F7EAB65AB7">2232</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="CF709BBD0EA3634893C0D1814179C88D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B6D90D6E2CDC782C4ED1715FF6BAA183">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E58E3CA10D5F6F2C839575F83ECB3976">28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C18B3DB04A543062C4F4770D886B03EB">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2E24430E1D8930F2D58E785F641D891C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190308</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3849700C92C7C7D9066299FEF9FB8F6D" type="GBIF-Dataset">b1039475-ade6-49f6-8ea7-c92c35b61c52</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="047BF20DB307C2266C9C9C5C04199E4A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F321488DA6405ABF43CD04CC2CDECFD5" type="Zenodo-Dep">190308</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="038D1C750D6D7D07028AFB33130FFE25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212587" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1C750D6D7D07028AFB33130FFE25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1C750D6D7D07028AFB33130FFE25" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D6D7D1A028AFB3317F4FADF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6D7D1A028AFB331780FAF7" blockId="14.[151,476,1272,1338]" box="[151,476,1272,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<heading id="D0D31A0F0D6D7D1A028AFB331780FAF7" bold="true" box="[151,476,1272,1299]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6D7D1A028AFB331780FAF7" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,476,1272,1299]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6D7D1A028AFB331780FAF7" bold="true" box="[151,476,1272,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6D7D1A028AFB331765FAF6" bold="true" box="[151,313,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0920D6D7D1A0355FB321788FAF7" author="Gray" box="[328,468,1272,1298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, xv + 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6D7D1A028AFAEA17F4FADF" blockId="14.[151,476,1272,1338]" box="[151,424,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6D7D1A0282FAEA16BBFADF" box="[159,231,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6D7D1A02E9FAEA1767FADF" box="[244,315,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,190,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[281,1305,174,1942]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypnale zara: a, dorsal aspect of holotype, BMNH 1946.1. 19.96, male, 303.0 mm SVL; b, lateral aspect of WHT 2198, male, 338 mm SVL; c, specimen from Kottawa, Galle, Sri Lanka, not preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190315/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table 2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D6D7D1A028AFAA717A1FA61" box="[151,509,1389,1412]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6D7D1A028AFAA717A1FA61" blockId="14.[151,509,1389,1412]" box="[151,509,1389,1412]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6D7D1A028AFAA717A1FA61" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,509,1389,1412]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trigonocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6D7D1A028AFAA717DCFA61" box="[151,384,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trigonocephalus zara</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0920D6D7D1A039AFAA717A1FA61" author="Gray" box="[391,509,1389,1412]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, xv + 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D6D7D1B028AFA7916E9FE25" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6D7D1A028AFA791338FA2B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1459,2027]" box="[151,1380,1459,1486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6D7D1A028AFA79174CFA28" bold="true" box="[151,272,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F13C10D6D7D1A028AFA791757FA28" box="[151,267,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3535A60D6D7D1A030AFA7E1733FA2B" box="[279,367,1460,1486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1946.
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A03DDFA7E178CFA2B" box="[448,464,1460,1486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1996-01-19">1</date>
|
||
. 19.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A0014FA7E147AFA2B" box="[521,550,1460,1486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">96</specimenCount>
|
||
male,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A006BFA7E148BFA2B" box="[630,727,1460,1486]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="303.0">303 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A0133FA7E15F1FA2B" box="[814,941,1460,1486]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
”, coll. “Mr Argent” (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6D7D1B02DBFA1016E9FE25" blockId="14.[151,1436,1459,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6D7D1A02DBFA1017E7FA11" bold="true" box="[198,443,1498,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Measured material.</emphasis>
|
||
Males, 2 ex. (WHT 2198, WHT 1981,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3535A60D6D7D1A0195FA10158FFA11" box="[904,979,1498,1524]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ry0g-1y6k" name="Moravske Muzeum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MMB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A01C3FA10122DFA11" box="[990,1137,1498,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1995-12-10">10 XII 1995</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0698FA1012B5FA11" box="[1157,1257,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="338.0">338 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A06E9FA10130AFA11" box="[1268,1366,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="361.0">361 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; females, 5 ex. (WHT 5840, SB and KW,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0090F9CB1547F9FE" box="[653,795,1537,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1998-09-20">20 IX 1998</date>
|
||
, WHT 5932, SB,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A01EBF9CB12D8F9FE" box="[1014,1156,1537,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2001-06-23">23 VI 2001</date>
|
||
, WHT 5935, SB, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0772F9CB1689F9A7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1997-10-02">2 X 1997</date>
|
||
, WHT 6087, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A03FEF9E21450F9A7" box="[483,524,1576,1602]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0035F9E214F8F9A7" box="[552,676,1576,1602]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2004-04-09">9 IV 2004</date>
|
||
, WHT 6088, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A01AEF9E21587F9A7" box="[947,987,1576,1602]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A01E5F9E2122AF9A7" box="[1016,1142,1576,1602]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2004-04-09">9 IV 2004</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0696F9E212ACF9A7" box="[1163,1264,1576,1602]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="375.0">375 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A06E0F9E2133FF9A7" box="[1277,1379,1576,1602]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="266.0">266 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A076DF9E21694F98D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="162.0">162 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A02CEF984176AF98D" box="[211,310,1614,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="407.0">407 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A035CF98417FEF98D" box="[321,418,1614,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, respectively, Kottawa Proposed Forest Reserve, Galle,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A0672F9841288F98D" box="[1135,1236,1614,1640]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="6.1">06º06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A06C2F984131BF98D" box="[1247,1351,1614,1640]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.333336">80º20’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A0762F98416E9F96A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0762F98416EDF96A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Male, 1 ex. (WHT 5835,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3535A60D6D7D1A03FCF9BF1475F96A" box="[481,553,1653,1679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ry0g-1y6k" name="Moravske Muzeum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MMB</collectionCode>
|
||
and PN, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A00BEF9BF154EF96A" box="[675,786,1653,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2000-02-04">4 II 2000</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A013BF9BF15DBF96A" box="[806,903,1653,1679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="262.0">262 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Ramboda,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A064CF9BF12EBF96A" box="[1105,1207,1653,1679]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="7.05">07º03’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A06DFF9BF1376F96A" box="[1218,1322,1653,1679]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.7">80º42’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A077FF9BF16EDF953" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1310.0">1310 m</quantity>
|
||
. Female, 1 ex., (WHT 5941,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3535A60D6D7D1A0014F9561408F953" box="[521,596,1692,1718]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ry0g-1y6k" name="Moravske Muzeum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MMB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0042F95614B5F953" box="[607,745,1692,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1998-09-10">10 IX 1998</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A00E2F956153CF953" box="[767,864,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="372.0">372 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Pituwala, Elpitiya,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A0692F95612A9F953" box="[1167,1269,1692,1718]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="6.266667">06º16’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A071CF9561336F953" box="[1281,1386,1692,1718]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.2">80º12’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A028AF9081686F939" box="[151,218,1730,1756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A028AF9081689F939" box="[151,213,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Females, 3 ex. (WHT 5854, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A008AF90814E3F939" box="[663,703,1730,1756]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A00D6F9081515F939" box="[715,841,1730,1756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2003-05-22">22 V 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5933, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A064CF9081225F939" box="[1105,1145,1730,1756]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0698F908135FF939" box="[1157,1283,1730,1756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2003-05-27">27 V 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5942, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6D7D1A031DF9231774F8E6" box="[256,296,1769,1795]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A0328F923179DF8E6" box="[309,449,1769,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2003-06-10">10 VI 2003</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A03CBF9231467F8E6" box="[470,571,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="388.0">388 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A005AF92314F7F8E6" box="[583,683,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="290.0">290 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A00A5F9231546F8E6" box="[696,794,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="277.0">277 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, respectively, Matale, 07º28N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A06D0F923136AF8E6" box="[1229,1334,1769,1795]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.61667">80º37’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A076DF92316EAF8CF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A076DF92316EEF8CF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="355.0">355 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Female, 1 ex. (WHT 5943, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A004FF8DA14BEF8CF" box="[594,738,1808,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2003-03-20">20 III 2003</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A00E5F8DA1501F8CF" box="[760,861,1808,1834]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="219.0">219 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Galaha,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A060BF8DA1223F8CF" box="[1046,1151,1808,1834]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="7.2">07º12’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A0691F8DA12A7F8CF" box="[1164,1275,1808,1834]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.666664">80º40’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0725F8DA13C4F8CF" box="[1336,1432,1808,1834]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. Females, 4 ex. (WHT 0255.L, KMA / DG,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A008EF8FC1579F8B5" box="[659,805,1846,1872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1993-07-11">11 VII 1993</date>
|
||
, WHT 0255.S, KMA / DG,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A066CF8FC135EF8B5" box="[1137,1282,1846,1872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1993-07-11">11 VII 1993</date>
|
||
, WHT 1992, DG; WHT 5847, SB, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A03B3F8971474F892" box="[430,552,1885,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1997-09-01">1 IX 1997</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0023F89714FFF892" box="[574,675,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="323.0">323 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A00ADF8971549F892" box="[688,789,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="290.0">290 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A013FF89715DBF892" box="[802,903,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="242.0">242 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0189F89715AAF892" box="[916,1014,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="263.0">263 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, respectively, Koskulana near Panapola, adjoining Sinharaja World Heritage Site,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A00ECF84E150AF87B" box="[753,854,1924,1950]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="6.4166665">06º25’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A017CF84E1596F87B" box="[865,970,1924,1950]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.45">80º27’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A061CF84E120EF87B" box="[1025,1106,1924,1950]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A061CF84E1211F87B" box="[1025,1101,1924,1950]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Females, 2 ex. (WHT 5940, RW,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A02CFF8601702F821" box="[210,350,1962,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1998-09-10">10 IX 1998</date>
|
||
, WHT 5934, SB and RW, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1A00B3F8601578F821" box="[686,804,1962,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2001-10-04">4 X 2001</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0124F86015C3F821" box="[825,927,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="280.0">280 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A01B0F860124CF821" box="[941,1040,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="322.0">322 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, respectively Mederipitiya, adjoining Sinharaja World Heritage Site,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A009EF81B14B5F80E" box="[643,745,2001,2027]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="6.35">06º21’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6D7D1A00EBF81B153DF80E" box="[758,865,2001,2027]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="80.48333">80º29’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6D7D1A0186F81B15B2F80E" box="[923,1006,2001,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6D7D1A0186F81B15B7F80E" box="[923,1003,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Female, 1 ex. (WHT 5956, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6D7D1B0763F81B16A0FF57" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2003-09-24">24 IX 2003</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B030DFF52172CFF57" box="[272,368,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="358.0">358 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Gampola,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B002AFF5214C0FF57" box="[567,668,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.1666665">07º10’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B00B5FF52154CFF57" box="[680,784,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="80.566666">80º34’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6C7D1B0155FF5215C6FF57" box="[840,922,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0155FF5215CAFF57" box="[840,918,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Male, 1 ex. (WHT 5960, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B071BFF5213D3FF57" box="[1286,1423,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B028AFF7416A5FF3D" box="[151,249,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="275.0">275 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; females, 8 ex. (WHT 5951, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B00CCFF741506FF3D" box="[721,858,190,216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5952, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B0626FF741298FF3D" box="[1083,1220,190,216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5958, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B028AFF2F1742FF1A" box="[151,286,229,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5959, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B03E6FF2F14DFFF1A" box="[507,643,229,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5961, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B017DFF2F15B4FF1A" box="[864,1000,229,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5964, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B06D8FF2F1311FF1A" box="[1221,1357,229,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5950, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B033CFEC617F1FEC3" box="[289,429,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
, WHT 5963, KM,
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B008DFEC61541FEC3" box="[656,797,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-09-25">25 IX 2003</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B012EFEC615C4FEC3" box="[819,920,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="344.0">344 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B01B8FEC61257FEC3" box="[933,1035,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="285.0">285 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0605FEC61222FEC3" box="[1048,1150,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="305.0">305 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0697FEC612ACFEC3" box="[1162,1264,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="277.0">277 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B06E0FEC6133FFEC3" box="[1277,1379,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="285.0">285 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B076DFEC61699FEA9" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B030BFEF81720FEA9" box="[278,380,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0394FEF817B1FEA9" box="[393,493,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively, Nawalapitiya,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B0159FEF815F0FEA9" box="[836,940,306,332]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.05">07º03’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B01A4FEF8127AFEA9" box="[953,1062,306,332]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="80.53333">80º32’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6C7D1B067CFEF812E9FEA9" box="[1121,1205,306,332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B067CFEF812EDFEA9" box="[1121,1201,306,332]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Male, 1 ex. (WHT 5848, SB, KM and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D6C7D1B0362FE9317FBFE96" box="[383,423,345,371]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B03DEFE93141CFE96" box="[451,576,345,371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2002-09-02">2 IX 2002</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0048FE9314EBFE96" box="[597,695,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="288.0">288 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Gannoruwa Forest Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B0645FE9312E2FE96" box="[1112,1214,345,371]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.2833333">07º17’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B06D6FE93136AFE96" box="[1227,1334,345,371]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="80.583336">80º35’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6C7D1B076DFE9316E9FE7F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B076DFE9316EDFE7F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="684.0">684 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Female, 1 ex., (WHT 5846, KMA, 0
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D6C7D1B0071FE4A14BAFE7F" box="[620,742,384,410]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1994-09-07">7 IX 1994</date>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B00E1FE4A1501FE7F" box="[764,861,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, Udawattakele,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B0641FE4A129DFE7F" box="[1116,1217,384,410]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.2833333">07º17’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CBA40D6C7D1B06D0FE4A136BFE7F" box="[1229,1335,384,410]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="80.63333">80º38’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2266EA0D6C7D1B076DFE4A16E9FE25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B076DFE4A16EDFE25" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D6C7D1B02DBFE071767FA4B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6C7D1B02DBFE07127AFCF9" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02DBFE07171AFE02" bold="true" box="[198,326,461,487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B034AFE0717A3FE03" box="[343,511,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B034AFE0717A3FE03" box="[343,511,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: tip of snout distinctly elevated; 10–19 minute scales form a wart-like protuberance on snout tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B0282FDD016BBFDD1" box="[159,231,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a, b); 18–39 heterogeneous, small scales on internasal-prefrontal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B0658FDD012D1FDD1" box="[1093,1165,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b); scales around eye 6 (supraocular + 2 postoculars + 2 preoculars + postfoveal) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B0177FD8B15EAFDBE" box="[874,950,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a); maxillary pit surrounded by 3 scales (lower preocular + postfoveal + second supralabial) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B010EFDA21507FD67" box="[787,859,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a); 2 postoculars, the upper one small, the lower one reaching postfoveal; no scales between postfoveal and 3rd supralabial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B0633FD441225FD4D" box="[1070,1145,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a); lower postocular, 1st lower temporal, 4th and 5th supralabials in contact, no scale between them. Supralabials 7 or 8; lacunal scale absent; 2nd supralabial extends upward to reach loreal; costal scales keeled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B0639FD161230FD13" box="[1060,1132,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D6C7D1B0641FD161230FD13" box="[1116,1132,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="g" value="6.0">6</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g); ventrals 134–157; 34– 51 scales in subcaudal series, divided; hemipenial lobes not spinous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D6C7D1B01DCFCC81254FCF9" box="[961,1032,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6C7D1B02DBFCE31725FC52" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B02DBFCE31739FCA7" box="[198,357,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02DBFCE31739FCA7" box="[198,357,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B0071FCE314B0FCA7" box="[620,748,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0071FCE314B0FCA7" box="[620,748,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. hypnale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the tip of the snout distinctly elevated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0721FCE31308FCA7" box="[1340,1364,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
snout tip not raised); possessing (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B03F5FC9A145DFC8C" box="[488,513,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
lacking) a wart-like protuberance on the snout tip; having 18–39 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0729FC9A1311FC8C" box="[1332,1357,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
5–15) scales on internasal-prefrontal region; the maxillary pit surrounded by 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B01E8FCBD1251FC75" box="[1013,1037,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
4–5) scales; and the lacunal scale absent (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02EEFC571757FC53" box="[243,267,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
present).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6C7D1B02DBFC0E1338FB7A" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B03F4FC0E1415FC38" box="[489,585,964,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B03F4FC0E1415FC38" box="[489,585,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. nepa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the tip of the snout distinctly elevated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B06AFFC0E1296FC38" box="[1202,1226,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
flattened or only slightly raised); 18–39 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B03B2FC20179BFBE6" box="[431,455,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
12–25) scales on the internasal-prefrontal region; the maxillary pit surrounded by 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02BCFBDB16E7FBCF" box="[161,187,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
4–5) scales; no (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0389FBDB17F2FBCF" box="[404,430,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
1–3) scales between postfoveal and 3rd supralabial; lower postocular, 1st lower temporal, 4th and 5th supralabials in contact (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B00A8FBF21491FBB4" box="[693,717,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
separated by a rhomboid scale of similar size); lacunal scale absent (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02EEFB951750FB9D" box="[243,268,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
present); all costal scales keeled (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0086FB9514EFFB9D" box="[667,691,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
mid-dorsal scales smooth); 134–157 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0668FB9512D1FB9D" box="[1141,1165,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
122–134) ventrals; and having the hemipenial lobes not spinous (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0062FB4F14C4FB7B" box="[639,664,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
with large spines on the proximal two-thirds of their length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6C7D1B02DBFB661767FA4B" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B02DBFB66173AFB20" box="[198,358,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02DBFB66173AFB20" box="[198,358,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D6C7D1B006FFB661489FB20" box="[626,725,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B006FFB661489FB20" box="[626,725,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypnale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ‘amal’ by having the tip of the snout distinctly elevated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02BCFB1916E6FB09" box="[161,186,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
not elevated); possessing (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B001AFB19147CFB09" box="[519,544,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
lacking) a wart-like protuberance on the snout tip; having 18–39 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B074FFB191330FB09" box="[1362,1388,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
10) scales on internasal-prefrontal region; the maxillary pit surrounded by 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0649FB331233FAF7" box="[1108,1135,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
4) scales; 7 or 8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0743FB331325FAF7" box="[1374,1401,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
9) supralabials; the lacunal scale absent (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B004BFAEA1432FADC" box="[598,622,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
present); first infralabials on either side separated from each other by a median suture (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B0375FA8D17DDFA85" box="[360,385,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
medially fused); and two rows of distinct, bilaterally symmetrical blotches meeting on dorsal midline (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B034AFAA7172CFA63" box="[343,368,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
a distinct purple-brown paravertebral stripe about 3 scales wide extending from neck to level of vent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EFEE80D6C7D0702DBFA70130FFE25" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D6C7D0602DBFA701589FDEB" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1724]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,152,526]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D6C7D1B02DBFA701703FA31" bold="true" box="[198,351,1466,1492]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F13C10D6C7D1B03F0FA70140BFA31" box="[493,599,1466,1492]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, BMNH 1946.1.19.96.) Snout tip distinctly elevated, with 14 minute scales forming a wart-like protuberance on it. Thirteen heterogeneous scales on internasal-prefrontal region; internasals and prefrontals enlarged, somewhat displaced; internasals separated from rostral by a scaly, wartlike protuberance; internasals in contact with each other. Prefrontals 2, separated by a small scale; prefrontals separated from frontal and supraoculars by 7 small scales; upper preocular, loreal and nasal extend over canthal ridge, visible from above; rostral longer than wide, obtusely pointed, only just visible from above; nasal entire; loreal acutely pointed anteriorly, its posterior margin broad, extending dorsally across canthus; 2 preoculars; 2 postoculars, the upper one small, the lower one reaching postfoveal; eye encircled by 6 scales: 2 preoculars + supraocular + 2 postoculars and postfoveal; lacunal absent. Maxillary pit bordered by three scales: lower preocular, postfoveal and upper posterior margin of 2nd supralabial; 2nd supralabial extends upward to reach loreal; supralabials, 7, not in contact with eye; 1st supralabial extends upward to reach loreal; infralabials 8; temporals smooth, in two longitudinal rows, those on lower row greatly enlarged; numerous small scales present on post-parietal region. Mental subtriangular; a pair of chin shields present, somewhat longer than wide; infralabials 8; infralabials I, II and III in contact with chin shields. Mental and chin shields separated from each other by 1st infralabial. Gular scales in 4 median series and 6 lateral series. Rows of costal scales up to 8th ventral on right side and 7th ventral on left, 19; 17 rows thereafter (including mid-body) up to 110th ventral on either side, following which 15 rows up to anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5BFDEB0D737D04028AF8AC14E5F800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D737D04028AF8AC14E5F800" blockId="16.[151,1436,1894,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D04028AF8AC1746F89B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1894,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D737D04033DF8AD17ECF89B" box="[288,432,1895,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D04033DF8AD17ECF89B" box="[288,432,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D040127F8AD1527F89B" box="[826,891,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">a,b, c</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D0402C7F84316BBF845" box="[218,231,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">d</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D0402EBF843175EF845" box="[246,258,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e</emphasis>
|
||
, everted left hemipenis, showing (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D04009CF84314D4F845" box="[641,648,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">f</emphasis>
|
||
) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D040795F84313C9F845" box="[1416,1429,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">g</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D0400B3F86614E7F826" box="[686,699,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">h</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D737D0402D9F8051697F803" box="[196,203,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">i</emphasis>
|
||
, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5BFDEB0D727D05028AF8641224F80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190315/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[281,1305,190,1942]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D727D05028AF8641224F80D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1966,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D727D05028AF8641745F823" bold="true" box="[151,281,1966,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D727D05033DF86417ECF820" box="[288,432,1966,1989]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D727D05033DF86417ECF820" box="[288,432,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D727D0503A2F864178FF820" box="[447,467,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">a,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal aspect of holotype, BMNH 1946.1.19.96, male, 303.0 mm SVL;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D727D0506C5F86412B0F820" box="[1240,1260,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">b,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral aspect of WHT 2198, male, 338 mm SVL;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D727D0503E0F81B144CF80D" box="[509,528,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">c,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Kottawa, Galle, Sri Lanka, not preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602DBFD8B14A6FDBE" blockId="18.[198,762,577,603]" box="[198,762,577,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Costodorsal reduction (BMNH 1946.
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D717D06009FFD8B14CEFDBE" box="[642,658,577,603]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1996-01-19">1</date>
|
||
. 19. 96):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602D7FD441794FD4D" blockId="18.[151,603,654,758]" box="[202,456,654,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4+5(8) 3+4(110)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D06028AFD7F1407FD2A" blockId="18.[151,603,654,758]" box="[151,603,693,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">19—————17—————15 (139)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602D7FD161794FD13" blockId="18.[151,603,654,758]" box="[202,456,732,758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4+5(7) 3+4(110)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602DBFCE313CCFC3B" blockId="18.[151,1437,809,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Costal scales at mid-body 17; paravertebral scale row not enlarged; dorsal scale rows keeled except for lowermost lateral row, which is smooth; paired apical pits present, inconspicuous; ventrals 139; subcaudal series divided, with 44 scales; anal scale entire; 2 pairs of subanal scales. Hemipenial morphology (based on WHT 5848). Hemipenes moderately long, slender, deeply forked; spines absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D717D0606A9FC571358FC52" box="[1204,1284,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
d); flounces denticulate, closely spaced on either side of sulcus spermaticus; sulcus spermaticus deep, with smooth walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602DBFC201256FB9D" blockId="18.[151,1437,809,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0602DBFC2017DCFBE1" bold="true" box="[198,384,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mensural data</emphasis>
|
||
(see also Table 2). Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F13C10D717D060150FC2015E4FBE1" box="[845,952,1002,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060612FC20122BFBE1" box="[1039,1143,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="303.0">303 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D0606A1FC201349FBE1" box="[1212,1301,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
|
||
, (19.5% of SVL); HL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060302FBDB17D4FBCE" box="[287,392,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="29.3">29.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(9.7% of SVL); HW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060093FBDB14AAFBCE" box="[654,758,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(39.6% of HL); SL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D0601F3FBDB1215FBCE" box="[1006,1097,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(22.2% of HL); FL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D06075CFBDB13C0FBCE" box="[1345,1436,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(10.9% of HL); FW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060397FBF217B8FBB7" box="[394,484,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(11.3% of HL); PL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D0600C8FBF21573FBB7" box="[725,815,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(17.7% of HL); PW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060634FBF212DFFBB7" box="[1065,1155,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(11.3% of HL); SU,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060765FBF21699FB9D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(14.7% of HL); SW,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D0603DDFB941446FB9D" box="[448,538,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
10.6% of HL); SS,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D06011EFB941501FB9D" box="[771,861,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(7.5% of HL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602DBFB4F16B9F9AE" blockId="18.[151,1437,809,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0602DBFB4F171DFB7A" bold="true" box="[198,321,1157,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Wart-like protuberance on snout comprises 10–19 small scales; 9–18 small, heterogeneous scales on internasal-prefrontal region; internasals and prefrontals smaller than frontal, distinct or indistinct, sometimes somewhat displaced; internasals broadly in contact, partially separated, or widely separated; prefrontals broadly in contact with each other, partially separated, or widely separated; prefrontals in contact with supraoculars or separated from frontal and supraoculars by 1–9 small scales; nasal entire or partially divided above level of nostril. Supralabials 7 or 8; a single specimen (WHT 6089) with 6 (right side) and 7 (left side) supralabials; 1st supralabial does not reach loreal or extend upwards towards it; infralabials 8–9; infralabials I and II or I–III in contact with chin shields; gular scales in 3–6 median series and 6–9 lateral series; lowermost 1–6 rows of costals smooth; ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060126FA771599FA32" box="[827,965,1469,1495]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6957" metricValueMax="3.9878" metricValueMin="3.4036" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="145.5" valueMax="157.0" valueMin="134.0">134–157 in</quantity>
|
||
males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D06063EFA7712F1FA32" box="[1059,1197,1469,1495]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6957" metricValueMax="3.9878" metricValueMin="3.4036" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="145.5" valueMax="157.0" valueMin="134.0">134–157 in</quantity>
|
||
females; subcaudal series divided medially, with 43–51 scales in males, 34–50 scales in females (WHT 5835 with the two proximal-most scales of subcaudal series undivided, with 46 scales in divided series); 2–4 pairs of subanal scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0602DBF9921763F8E9" blockId="18.[151,1437,809,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0602DBF9921709F997" bold="true" box="[198,341,1624,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground colour varies from yellowish-brown to dark brown, sometimes deep red (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0920D717D060282F9B517E7F97C" author="Somaweera" box="[159,443,1663,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="27" refString="Somaweera, R. (2006) Srilankave Sarpayan [' Snakes of Sri Lanka', in Sinhala]. WHT Publications, Colombo, 297 pp." type="book" year="2006">Somaweera, 2006: 269</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two rows of distinct sub-oval or sub-triangular blotches meet on dorsal midline, bilaterally symmetrical (especially on tail), sometimes displaced longitudinally on body (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D717D0606FDF96F137AF95A" box="[1248,1318,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,190,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[281,1305,174,1942]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypnale zara: a, dorsal aspect of holotype, BMNH 1946.1. 19.96, male, 303.0 mm SVL; b, lateral aspect of WHT 2198, male, 338 mm SVL; c, specimen from Kottawa, Galle, Sri Lanka, not preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190315/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). A dark stripe present across eye and cheek. Overall colour of venter much lighter than that of dorsum, sometimes light ash-grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAD630D717D0702DBF8D3130FFE25" blockId="18.[151,1437,809,2036]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,152,448]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0602DBF8D317BCF8D6" bold="true" box="[198,480,1817,1843]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D717D0603F1F8D314D3F8D7" box="[492,655,1817,1842]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0603F1F8D314D3F8D7" box="[492,655,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded only from the lowland rainforests of the island’s south-western ‘wet-zone’ quarter and the foothills of the central highlands (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D06062CF88A12F1F8BF" box="[1073,1197,1856,1882]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="335.0" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="60.0">60–610 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB1E60D717D060716F88A130AF8BF" box="[1291,1366,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[184,1413,188,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[175,1419,176,1872]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypnale zara: WHT 2198, male, 338.0 mm SVL: a, b, c, lateral, dorsal and ventral aspects, respectively, of head; d, e, everted left hemipenis, showing (f) enlarged view of a hemipenial lobe of WHT 5848, 288.0 mm SVL; g, dorsal view of paravertebral scale of WHT 2198; h, medial view of right palatine of WHT 6089, male, 297.0 mm SVL; and i, distribution in Sri Lanka. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190314/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D717D060759F88A130AF8BF" box="[1348,1366,1856,1882]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">6</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
i): the species, which is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EDF30D717D0603EFF8AD1435F864" box="[498,617,1895,1921]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is absent in anthropogenic habitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D717D060603F8AD12E3F865" box="[1054,1215,1895,1920]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D060603F8AD12E3F865" box="[1054,1215,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hypnale zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found only in primary and secondary forests; it was never observed, e.g., in home gardens. These snakes are essentially nocturnal: in the daytime they take refuge under decaying logs and leaf litter on the forest floor. On rare occasions we observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D717D0603A7F811144AF811" box="[442,534,2011,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D717D0603A7F811144AF811" box="[442,534,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. zara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on shrubs up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D717D060129F81015DCF811" box="[820,896,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the forest floor. Because of previous confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D070349FF521785FF54" box="[340,473,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070349FF521785FF54" box="[340,473,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. hypnale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, part of whose range is occupied by
|
||
<emphasis id="B95071710D707D070181FF5215A3FF54" box="[924,1023,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D6E00D707D070181FF5215A6FF54" box="[924,1018,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Hypnale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zara">H. zara</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we are unable to comment on the notes on captive care and reproduction provided by previous authors (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D0920D707D070609FF7412F6FF3D" author="Henry" box="[1044,1194,190,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="27" refString="Henry, G. M. (1925) Notes on Ancistrodon hypnale, the hump nosed viper. Spolia Zeylanica, 13, 257 - 258." type="journal article" year="1925">Henry, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found a gravid female (WHT 6087),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D070387FF2F17A1FF1A" box="[410,509,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="407.0">407 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, in Kottawa Proposed Forest Reserve on
|
||
<date id="FF9A8BA30D707D07062DFF2F1290FF1A" box="[1072,1228,229,255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-04-09">9 April 2004</date>
|
||
, with eight fullydeveloped young (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D07036CFEC617A3FEC3" box="[369,511,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="106.0" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="97.0">97–115 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), their yolk-sacs fully absorbed and with adult coloration. Three females from Nawalapitiya were dissected, with the following results: (WHT 5951),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D07062DFEF812C8FEA9" box="[1072,1172,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="334.0">334 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, contained eight unfertilized ova (6.2–8.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D0703FAFE931422FE96" box="[487,638,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="4.4">4.4–6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (WHT 5950),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D07015CFE9315FAFE96" box="[833,934,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="366.0">366 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, contained five small, unpigmented embryos attached to yolk sacs (21.0–25.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D0700B0FE4A1510FE7F" box="[685,844,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="10.95" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="9.4">9.4–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
including yolk sac); (WHT 5958),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D0706E5FE4A1307FE7F" box="[1272,1371,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="305.0">305 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL contained five young (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC00860D707D070383FE6C1466FE25" box="[414,570,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="112.5" valueMax="117.0" valueMin="108.0">108–117 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) with their yolk sacs fully absorbed and with adult coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |