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<mods:title id="A0FF83CA94BE02447C6454ACD1D6827E">Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12C61789ABC14F5EFB0F298625F9FB86">Azevedo, Celso O.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B9A257F6D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFE2FFB0B" blockId="1.[151,454,1127,1154]" box="[151,454,1127,1154]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<heading id="D0D292136D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFE2FFB0B" bold="true" box="[151,454,1127,1154]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFE2FFB0B" authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,454,1127,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Glenosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFE2FFB0B" bold="true" box="[151,454,1127,1154]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFEF7FB08" bold="true" box="[151,286,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Glenosema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9B06FB90FE2FFB0B" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[293,454,1128,1154]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="95 - 142" refId="ref27127" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1905) Description de nouveaux Proctotrypides exotiques. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 29, 95 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Kieffer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A257F6D27FFDD9AB4FB56FE69FB6A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1198,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9AB4FB56FEF4FB4D" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,285,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="95 - 142" refId="ref27127" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1905) Description de nouveaux Proctotrypides exotiques. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 29, 95 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Kieffer 1905</bibRefCitation>
, 29: 100.
<typeStatus id="549E9BDD6D27FFDD9BABFB57FE53FB4D" box="[392,442,1199,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD9837FB56FCB1FB4D" authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[532,856,1198,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Glenosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9837FB56FD2FFB4C" box="[532,710,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Glenosema nigra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD98EDFB56FCB1FB4D" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[718,856,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="95 - 142" refId="ref27127" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1905) Description de nouveaux Proctotrypides exotiques. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 29, 95 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Kieffer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent monotypy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9EAFFB56FA67FB4D" author="Kieffer, J. J. &amp; Marshall, T. A." box="[1164,1422,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="369 - 551" refId="ref27254" refString="Kieffer, J. J. &amp; Marshall, T. A. (1904 - 1906) Proctotrypides. In: Andre, E. (Ed.), Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe &amp; d'Algerie. Tome IX. Librairie Scientifique A. Hermann, Paris, 551 pp., 21 pls. [publication dates of the different parts: pp. 1 - 64. (1 January 1904) + 65 - 144 (1 April 1905) + 145 - 288 (1 November 1905) + 289 - 368 (31 January 1906) + 369 - 551 (1 October 1906)]" type="book chapter" year="1904">
Kieffer &amp; Marshall
<date id="FF9B03BF6D27FFDD9F7FFB56FA67FB4D" box="[1372,1422,1198,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" value="1904" valueMax="1906">1904</date>
</bibRefCitation>
1906, 9: 431432.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD9AB4FB14FE75FA8B" authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,412,1260,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Arysepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AB4FB14FEEAFA88" box="[151,259,1260,1281]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Arysepyris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9B2DFB14FE75FA8B" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[270,412,1260,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="95 - 142" refId="ref27127" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1905) Description de nouveaux Proctotrypides exotiques. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 29, 95 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Kieffer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 29: 102.
<typeStatus id="549E9BDD6D27FFDD982CFB15FDA8FA8B" box="[527,577,1261,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD9883FB14FC13FA8B" authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[672,1018,1260,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Arysepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merceti">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9883FB14FC8AFA8B" box="[672,867,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Arysepyris merceti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD994DFB14FC13FA8B" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[878,1018,1260,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="95 - 142" refId="ref27127" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1905) Description de nouveaux Proctotrypides exotiques. Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 29, 95 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Kieffer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by original designation. Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9AE4FAF2FEBBFAA9" author="Berland, L." box="[199,338,1290,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" refId="ref26407" refString="Berland, L. (1928) Faune de France 19. Hymenopteres vespiformes II. Office Central de Faunistique, Paris, 208 pp." type="book" year="1928">Berland 1928</bibRefCitation>
, 130131.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A257F6D27FFDD9AB4FAB5FE09F993" blockId="1.[151,1436,1357,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AB4FAB5FEF8FAEF" bold="true" box="[151,273,1357,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Antenna with 11 flagellomeres. Mandible with five distal teeth (
<specimenCount id="9D23EEF66D27FFDD9E28FAB6FBC8FAEF" box="[1035,1057,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="male"></specimenCount>
) or seven (
<specimenCount id="9D23EEF66D27FFDD9E8FFAB6FB56FAEF" box="[1196,1215,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="female"></specimenCount>
). Upper margin of mandible denticulate (
<specimenCount id="9D23EEF66D27FFDD9BBEFA8AFE46FA03" box="[413,431,1394,1418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="female"></specimenCount>
), with a few exceptions. Occipital carina complete. Notauli absent. Parapsidal signal absent only in micro- and brachypterous forms. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellaraxillary complex, but transscutal fissure not clearly outlined in micro- and brachypterous forms. Tegula present in all forms. Forewing of macropterous forms with three (C, R and 1Cu) or two closed cells (R and 1Cu), 2r-rs&amp;Rs always present, tubular, long.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F76F46D27FFDD9AE4F9DDFBC5F90F" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9A257F6D27FFDD9AE4F9DDFBC5F90F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1357,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AE4F9DDFEDDF9B7" bold="true" box="[199,308,1573,1598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4588E6D27FFDD9B66F9DDFDE5F9B7" author="Krombein, K. V." box="[325,524,1573,1598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref27475" refString="Krombein, K. V. (1996) Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps, XXI: A revision of the Bethylinae and Epyrinae Cephalonomiini and Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 579, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.579" type="journal article" year="1996">Krombein (1996)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the gender of
<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD991DF9DDFC55F9B7" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[830,956,1573,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Glenosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD991DF9DDFC55F9B7" box="[830,956,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Glenosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is neuter rather than feminine. The term
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9AB4F9B2FF19F9E8" box="[151,240,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">“sema”</emphasis>
from Greek is a neuter noun and means mark or sign (Denis Brothers, pers. com.). Thus, all the previous specific names included under
<taxonomicName id="4C255EFC6D27FFDD9BD1F995FD99F90F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[498,624,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Glenosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951F96D6D27FFDD9BD1F995FD99F90F" box="[498,624,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Glenosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now treated as neuter (see
<tableCitation id="C6A710C46D27FFDD99EAF995FBF2F90F" box="[969,1051,1645,1670]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="33.[151,239,1160,1183]" captionTargetBox="[159,1353,1212,2019]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 1. Wing form and distribution of species of Glenosema." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5A75F76D07FFFD9AB4FB70FCAEFB16" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" tableUuid="DF5A75F76D07FFFD9AB4FB70FCAEFB16">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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