treatments-xml/data/03/8C/87/038C878BAE17FFFCFC02F6A3FE54FB42.xml

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<mods:title id="ED3224A0E8CE897FC97491F2B059BF70">Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE17FFF7FC02F6A3FAABFD69" box="[929,1339,668,692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE17FFF7FC02F6A3FAABFD69" blockId="3.[929,1339,668,692]" box="[929,1339,668,692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<heading id="D0D281F1AE17FFF7FC02F6A3FAABFD69" box="[929,1339,668,692]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FC02F6A3FAABFD69" ID-CoL="S9XR" authority="WILD, 1994" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" box="[929,1339,668,692]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FC02F6A3FB3DFD6E" box="[929,1197,668,692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">CENTROLENE BACATUM</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE17FFF7FB15F6A3FAABFD69" author="Wild ER" box="[1206,1339,668,692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">WILD, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE17FFF1FC99F6F2FAA9FD2D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE17FFF7FC99F6F2FCCFF944" blockId="3.[826,1442,717,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FC99F6F2FC3AFD3F" box="[826,938,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: A species that differs from other species in the family by the following combination of characters: (1) vomerine teeth absent; (2) in life, bones green; (3) in preservative, parietal peritoneum white, pericardium silver white, hepatic peritoneum clear, digestive tract and kidneys cream; (4) in life, dorsum dark green with white warts; in preservative, dorsum lavender with small white spots; (5) no webbing between Fingers I and II; webbing between outer fingers reduced, II 2–3 
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III 2 
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−2 
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IV; (6) webbing formula on foot usually I 1 
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−2 
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II 1–2 III 1 
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—2 
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IV 2 
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−1 
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V; (7) snout rounded in dorsal aspect, bluntly rounded in lateral profile; (8) dorsal skin finely shagreen with few white warts and tiny spinules; (9) ulnar and inner tarsal folds low or absent; outer tarsal fold absent; (10) humeral spine present; (11) tympanum orientated almost vertically, with slight posterior and lateral inclinations, tympanic annulus visible except for dorsal border, which is covered by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane pigmented, differentiated from surrounding skin; (12) SVL in males 
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(mean = 20.6; 
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= 9); in 
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; (13) prepollical spine not protruding externally; males with large, unpigmented nuptial excrescence (
<typeStatus id="549E883FAE17FFF7FA88F1B1FAF4FA7E" box="[1323,1380,1422,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Type</typeStatus>
I of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE17FFF7FC99F192FC42FA1E" author="Flores G" box="[826,978,1453,1475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" pagination="313 - 320" refId="ref13338" refString="Flores G. 1985. A new Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology 13: 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE17FFF7FC99F192FC13FA1E" box="[826,899,1453,1475]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Flores</collectingCountry>
, 1985
</bibRefCitation>
); (14) several small, white tubercles immediately posteroventral to vent; pair of large, round tubercles posteroventral to vent (as illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE17FFF7FCC4F236FB39F9C3" author="Lynch JD &amp; Duellman WE" box="[871,1193,1545,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch &amp; Duellman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2A); (15) when adpressed, Fingers I and II about equal in length (Finger I 91.3–104.5% of Finger II); (16) liver tetralobed; (17) diameter of eye about twice width of disc of Finger III.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE17FFF7FF41F7C4FD6DF8C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
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<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF74F7C5FEC1FBCA" box="[215,337,1018,1047]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">81˚</th>
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFEC1F7C5FEECFBCA" box="[354,380,1018,1047]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">80˚</th>
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFE43F7C5FE69FBCA" box="[480,505,1018,1047]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">79˚</th>
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFDFFF7C5FD5EFBCA" box="[604,718,1018,1047]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
78˚ 
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FDFFF037FD52FBCA" bold="true" box="[604,706,1032,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">COLOMBIA</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F7C5FD6EFBCA" box="[740,766,1018,1047]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">77˚</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF019FD6EFBE4" box="[172,766,1062,1081]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF019FF53FBE4" box="[172,195,1062,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">1˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F019FD6EFBE4" box="[740,766,1062,1081]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">1˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF094FD6EFB63" box="[172,766,1195,1214]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF094FF53FB63" box="[172,195,1195,1214]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">0˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F094FD6EFB63" box="[740,766,1195,1214]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">0˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF113FD6EFAE3" box="[172,766,1324,1342]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF113FF53FAE3" box="[172,195,1324,1342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">1˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F113FD6EFAE3" box="[740,766,1324,1342]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">1˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF192FD6EFA1D" box="[172,766,1453,1472]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF192FF53FA1D" box="[172,195,1453,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">2˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F192FD6EFA1D" box="[740,766,1453,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">2˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF210FD6EF998" box="[172,766,1583,1605]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF210FF53F998" box="[172,195,1583,1605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">3˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFDFFF210FD5EF998" box="[604,718,1583,1605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FD35F20BFD5EF998" bold="true" box="[662,718,1588,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">PERU</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F210FD6EF998" box="[740,766,1583,1605]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">3˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF263FD6EF941" box="[172,766,1628,1692]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF74F263FEC1F941" box="[215,337,1628,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">&lt;300 m 300–2000 m 2000– 4000 m</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF29DFD6EF916" box="[172,766,1698,1739]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF29DFF53F916" box="[172,195,1698,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">4˚</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF74F29DFEECF916" box="[215,380,1698,1739]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">&gt;4000 m Permanent snow</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F29DFD6EF916" box="[740,766,1698,1739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">4˚</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF2DCFD6EF922" box="[172,766,1763,1791]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF2DCFEC1F922" box="[172,337,1763,1791]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
0 20 40 60 80 100 
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FEA6F2D2FED0F922" bold="true" box="[261,320,1773,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">PERU</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE17000BFF0FF33DFD6EF8CA" box="[172,766,1794,1815]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<th id="76C45DA3AE17000BFF0FF33DFEC1F8CA" box="[172,337,1794,1815]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">81˚ Kilometres</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFEC1F33DFEECF8CA" box="[354,380,1794,1815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">80˚</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFE43F33DFE69F8CA" box="[480,505,1794,1815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">79˚</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFDFFF33DFD5EF8CA" box="[604,718,1794,1815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">78˚</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE17000BFD47F33DFD6EF8CA" box="[740,766,1794,1815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">77˚</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE17FFF0FCF0F29DFD35FECB" blockId="3.[826,1442,717,1904]" lastBlockId="4.[142,758,195,279]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FCF0F29DFBAEF96A" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" box="[851,1086,1698,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FCF0F29DFBAEF96A" box="[851,1086,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from other species in YBS by having white tubercles in an area that extends from below the eye to the insertion of the arm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE17FFF7FC1CF2C1FBACF8CE" author="Wild ER" box="[959,1084,1790,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FA8AF2C1FC0DF8EF" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FA8AF2C1FC0DF8EF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FBC9F322FB75F8EF" box="[1130,1253,1821,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FBC9F322FB75F8EF" box="[1130,1253,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[SVL in males, 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE17FFF7FC99F304FC4BF88C" box="[826,987,1851,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="1.94" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="20.6" valueMax="21.8" valueMin="19.4">19.4–21.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FC50F303FB92F88C" box="[1011,1026,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">n</emphasis>
= 9) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FBC8F303FB7BF88D" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" box="[1131,1259,1851,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FBC8F303FB7BF88D" box="[1131,1259,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">C. bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25.0– 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE17FFF7FAE3F304FA32F88C" box="[1344,1442,1851,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="34.7">34.7 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FCE1F364FCC1F8AD" box="[834,849,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">n</emphasis>
= 20) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE17FFF7FC15F365FBA0F8B2" box="[950,1072,1882,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FC15F365FBA0F8B2" box="[950,1072,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and has a snout that is bluntly rounded in lateral profile (sloping in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FDCFF4FBFD77FF05" box="[620,743,195,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FDCFF4FBFD77FF05" box="[620,743,195,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Characters differentiating species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FDDEF4DDFE85FECB" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FDDEF4DDFE85FECB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6A70326AE10FFF0FDE9F53EFD0FFECB" box="[586,671,257,279]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[141,205,467,488]" captionText="Table 1. Character state distribution in species of the Centrolene prosoblepon group. Spinules are as described by Flores (1985). For simplicity, when coding snout shape in lateral view, the character state ‘truncate’ contains truncate or subtruncate. The character state ‘sloping’ means gradually inclined anteroventrally" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5A6615AE17FFF7FF01F301FE8BF8B3" pageId="3" pageNumber="492" startId="3.[162,240,1854,1873]">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE17FFF7FF01F301FE8BF8B3" blockId="3.[162,778,1854,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE17FFF7FF01F301FE9AF88C" bold="true" box="[162,266,1854,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="492">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Location of Yanayacu Biological Station (circle) in Ecuador.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE10FFF0FF2DF510FE05FE20" blockId="4.[142,758,303,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FF2DF510FEB6FE99" box="[142,294,303,324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Colour in life</emphasis>
: Dorsum dark green with cream lateral stripe continuing as a series of cream tubercles under eye; throat and ventral surfaces of limbs green; digits pale green; parietal peritoneum white; visceral peritoneum clear; bones green; iris pale bronze with black reticulation (W. E. Duellman field notes 
<date id="FF9B105DAE10FFF0FDF0F5F7FD61FE00" box="[595,753,456,478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" value="1984-03-04">4 March 1984</date>
, in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE10FFF0FF0EF5D8FEBAFE21" author="Wild ER" box="[173,298,487,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE10FFF0FE95F5D8FE19FE20" box="[310,393,487,509]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1766,1785]" captionTargetBox="[142,1422,717,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-346@4.[599,996,1048,1376]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of glass frogs. A, B, Centrolene buckleyi from Yanayacu Biological Station, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26032 (WCF); C, Centrolene buckleyi from Carchi, male, dorsolateral view, MECN 1246 (MRB); D, E, Cochranella posadae, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 25090 (WCF); F, Centrolene bacatum, dorsolateral view, male, QCAZ 26056 (MRB); G, H, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., males, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26029 and 27441, respectively (MRB); I, Cochranella griffithsi, dorsolateral view, QCAZ 29525 (JMG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE10FFF0FF2DF62AFB97FDF6" blockId="4.[142,758,533,647]" lastBlockId="4.[806,1422,195,555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FF2DF62AFE1BFDF7" box="[142,395,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
: Dorsum of head and body lavender with small, unpigmented spots and white warts; limbs cream lavender with numerous small, unpigmented spots and some white warts; white warts on lateral surface of head; conspicuous white border on the upper lip, lower lip lacks white pigmentation; tympanum pigmented with purple specks; cloacal region with cream or white warts; iris silvery white with dark purple reticulation. Dorsally, Fingers I and II and Toes I–III unpigmented; some pigmentation visible on Fingers III and IV and Toes IV and V. A male (QCAZ 22386) was dissected to determine coloration of internal organs: white parietal peritoneum covering the anterior half of the belly, silvery-white pericardium, clear hepatic peritoneum, cream visceral peritoneum, and cream kidneys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE10FFF0FC85F66DFA1EFD5A" blockId="4.[806,1422,594,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FC85F66DFA91FDBA" box="[806,1281,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Distribution, ecology, and natural history</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FAB6F66DFC19FD5B" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FAB6F66DFC19FD5B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from three localities: 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE10FFF0FA91F64EFA1EFD5A" box="[1330,1422,625,647]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" unit="km" value="11.2">11.2 km</quantity>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5A6615AE10FFF0FF2DF2D9FBDEF8B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5427310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427310/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" startId="4.[142,220,1766,1785]" targetBox="[142,1422,717,1733]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE10FFF0FF2DF2D9FBDEF8B2" blockId="4.[142,1422,1766,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FF2DF2D9FF66F924" bold="true" box="[142,246,1766,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Photographs of glass frogs. A, B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FDFCF2D9FCBCF924" box="[607,812,1766,1785]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FDFCF2D9FCBCF924" box="[607,812,1766,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Yanayacu Biological Station, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26032 (WCF); C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FD80F33CFD7FF8CB" box="[547,751,1795,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FD80F33CFD7FF8CB" box="[547,751,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Carchi, male, dorsolateral view, MECN 1246 (MRB); D, E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FF2DF31EFEF7F8E9" box="[142,359,1825,1844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="posadae">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FF2DF31EFEF7F8E9" box="[142,359,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Cochranella posadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 25090 (WCF); F, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FC5BF31EFB59F8E9" authorityName="WILD" authorityYear="1994" box="[1016,1225,1825,1844]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FC5BF31EFB59F8E9" box="[1016,1225,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsolateral view, male, QCAZ 26056 (MRB); G, H, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FE4DF301FD5CF88C" authority="Guayasamin &amp; Bustamante &amp; Almeida-Reinoso &amp; Funk, 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin &amp; Bustamante &amp; Almeida-Reinoso &amp; Funk" authorityYear="2006" box="[494,716,1854,1873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wileyi" status="sp. nov.">Cochranella wileyi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257F4AE10FFF0FD77F301FCBDF88F" box="[724,813,1854,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FD77F301FCB8F88C" bold="true" box="[724,808,1854,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, males, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26029 and 27441, respectively (MRB); I, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE10FFF0FE6BF364FD38F8B3" box="[456,680,1883,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE10FFF0FE6BF364FD38F8B3" box="[456,680,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="493">Cochranella griffithsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsolateral view, QCAZ 29525 (JMG).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5A6615AE11FFF1FF2EF5ECF893FDD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" startId="5.[141,205,467,488]">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF5ECF893FDD8" blockId="5.[141,1847,467,517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF5ECFF77FE35" bold="true" box="[141,231,467,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">Table 1.</emphasis>
Character state distribution in species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FD6CF5ECFC51FE35" box="[719,961,467,488]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FD6CF5ECFC51FE35" box="[719,961,467,488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Spinules are as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1FAE1F5ECFA5EFE35" author="Flores G" box="[1346,1486,467,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="313 - 320" refId="ref13338" refString="Flores G. 1985. A new Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology 13: 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">Flores (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. For simplicity, when coding snout shape in lateral view, the character state ‘truncate’ contains truncate or subtruncate. The character state ‘sloping’ means gradually inclined anteroventrally
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FEE9F614FE18FD9D" blockId="5.[330,1441,555,635]" box="[330,392,555,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">Snout</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FEE9F677FA31FDA6" blockId="5.[330,1441,555,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">(lateral Texture of dorsal Dorsal coloration Teeth on Webbing on Finger view) skin of males in preservative vomer IV Webbing on Toe V</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF614F9B5FDA6" blockId="5.[1517,1642,555,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">SVL in adult males (mm)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F659F95CFDA6" blockId="5.[1669,1740,614,635]" box="[1669,1740,614,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">Source</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF69FFAA9FD2D" blockId="5.[141,1447,672,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF69FFE1EFD68" authority="Round" authorityName="Round" box="[141,398,672,693]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altitudinale">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF69FFEB4FD68" box="[141,292,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. altitudinale</emphasis>
Round
</taxonomicName>
to Shagreen with Lavender with Absent Reaching level of Reaching level of slightly small spinules white spots distal subarticular distal subarticular sloping tubercle tubercle
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE11FFFCFF2EF73FFE54FB42" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF73FFD4DFCB0" blockId="5.[141,1467,768,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF73FFE1EFCC8" authority="Round" authorityName="Round" box="[141,398,768,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF73FFE98FCC8" box="[141,264,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. andinum</emphasis>
Round
</taxonomicName>
to Shagreen Lavender to Present Reaching level of Reaching level of slightly cream lavender distal subarticular intercalary cartilage sloping with dark purple tubercle spots
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF741FBC1FC10" blockId="5.[141,1467,894,973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF741FDA8FC4E" authority="Truncate Shagreen" authorityName="Truncate Shagreen" box="[141,568,894,915]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="audax">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF741FF79FC4E" box="[141,233,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. audax</emphasis>
Truncate Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Present Reaching level of Reaching level of spinules and white warts distal subarticular intercalary cartilage white warts tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF7E1FBC1FBF0" blockId="5.[141,1467,990,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF7E1FDA8FC2E" authority="Bluntly Shagreen" authorityName="Bluntly Shagreen" box="[141,568,990,1011]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF7E1FE93FC2E" box="[141,259,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. bacatum</emphasis>
Bluntly Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Absent Reaching level of Reaching level of rounded spinules and white warts distal subarticular intercalary cartilage white warts tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF001FAD0FB15" blockId="5.[141,1473,1086,1224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF001FC9AFB8E" authority="Bluntly Shagreen Lavender" authorityName="Bluntly Shagreen Lavender" box="[141,778,1086,1107]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ballux">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF001FF7AFB8E" box="[141,234,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. ballux</emphasis>
Bluntly Shagreen Lavender
</taxonomicName>
with Absent Reaching level of Reaching level rounded small cream distal subarticular between distal flecks tubercle subarticular tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF0E7FAD0FABE" blockId="5.[141,1473,1240,1379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF0E7FDA8FB30" authority="Slightly Shagreen" authorityName="Slightly Shagreen" box="[141,568,1240,1261]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF0E7FF6DFB30" box="[141,253,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
Slightly Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with or Lavender with or Absent Usually not Reaching level sloping to without small without whitish reaching level of between distal sloping warts and warts distal subarticular subarticular tubercle spinules tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF14CFBC1FA1E" blockId="5.[141,1467,1395,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF14CFDA8FA55" authority="Round Shagreen" authorityName="Round Shagreen" box="[141,568,1395,1416]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF14CFE9DFA55" box="[141,269,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. fernandoi</emphasis>
Round Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Present Reaching level of Reaching level of spinules and white warts distal subarticular intercalary cartilage white warts tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FF2EF1ECFAD0F980" blockId="5.[141,1473,1491,1629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE11FFF1FF2EF1ECFC9AFA35" authority="Round Pustular Lavender" authorityName="Round Pustular Lavender" box="[141,778,1491,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FF2EF1ECFEB9FA35" box="[141,297,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">C. grandisonae</emphasis>
Round Pustular Lavender
</taxonomicName>
with Usually Reaching level of Reaching level yellowish warts present distal subarticular between distal tubercle subarticular tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF69FF9ACFD0E" blockId="5.[1517,1618,672,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
21.5–24.5 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F681F993FD0E" box="[1525,1539,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 12)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF73FF9ADFCEE" blockId="5.[1517,1618,768,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
21.5–25.1 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F721F993FCEE" box="[1525,1539,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 16)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF741F9A0FC6D" blockId="5.[1517,1618,894,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
23.0–23.6 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F7A4F993FC6D" box="[1525,1539,923,944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF7E1F9A0FBCD" blockId="5.[1517,1619,990,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
19.4–20.7 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F7C4F993FBCD" box="[1525,1539,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 8)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF001F9ACFBAD" blockId="5.[1517,1618,1086,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
19.2–22.2 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F064F993FBAD" box="[1525,1539,1115,1136]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 25)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF0E7F9ADFAD6" blockId="5.[1517,1618,1240,1291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
25.0–34.7 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F0C9F993FAD6" box="[1525,1539,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 20)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF14CF9A1FA78" blockId="5.[1517,1618,1395,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
22.5–26.4 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F1AFF993FA78" box="[1525,1539,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 9)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1FA4EF1ECF88EFD68" blockId="5.[1517,1618,1491,1541]" lastBlockId="5.[1669,1822,672,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
25.1–29.3 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE11FFF1FA56F1CFF993F9D8" box="[1525,1539,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">n</emphasis>
= 9) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F69FF88EFD68" author="Senaris JC" box="[1669,1822,672,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" refId="ref14351" refString="Senaris JC. 2001. Revision taxonomica de la familia Centrolenidae (Amphibia; Anura) en Venezuela. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain." type="book" year="2001">Señaris (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F73FF979FCEE" blockId="5.[1669,1828,768,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F73FF8B0FCC8" author="Senaris JC" box="[1669,1824,768,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" refId="ref14351" refString="Senaris JC. 2001. Revision taxonomica de la familia Centrolenidae (Amphibia; Anura) en Venezuela. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain." type="book" year="2001">Señaris (2001)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F741F8A7FC10" blockId="5.[1669,1847,894,973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F741F958FC10" author="Lynch JD &amp; Duellman WE" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch &amp; Duellman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F7E1F929FBCD" blockId="5.[1669,1842,990,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F7E1F890FC2E" author="Wild ER" box="[1669,1792,990,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild (1994)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F001F979FB50" blockId="5.[1669,1845,1086,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F001F8A1FBAD" author="Duellman WE &amp; Burrowes PA" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref13146" refString="Duellman WE, Burrowes PA. 1989. New species of frogs, Centrolenella, from the pacific versant of Ecuador and southern Colombia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 132: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1989">Duellman &amp; Burrowes (1989)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F92FF0E7F966FB30" blockId="5.[1676,1782,1240,1261]" box="[1676,1782,1240,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">This work</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F14CF979FA1E" blockId="5.[1669,1827,1395,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F14CF88FFA78" author="Duellman WE &amp; Schulte R" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref13188" refString="Duellman WE, Schulte R. 1993. New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 155: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman &amp; Schulte (1993)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE11FFF1F926F1ECF8A7F9D8" blockId="5.[1669,1847,1491,1541]" box="[1669,1847,1491,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE11FFF1F926F1ECF958F9D8" author="Duellman WE" box="[1669,1773,1491,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="494" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref13077" refString="Duellman WE. 1980. The identity of Centrolenella grandisonae Cochran and Groin (Anura: Centrolenidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 83: 26 - 32." type="journal article" year="1980">Duellman (1980)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF5E1FAD0FDB5" blockId="6.[141,1473,478,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF5E1FD44FE2E" authority="Round Shagreen Pale" authorityName="Round Shagreen Pale" box="[141,724,478,499]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guanacarum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF5E1FEBDFE2E" box="[141,301,478,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. guanacarum</emphasis>
Round Shagreen Pale
</taxonomicName>
lavender Present Reaching level of Reaching level with white spots distal subarticular between distal tubercle subarticular tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF647FBC1FD15" blockId="6.[141,1467,632,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF647FD4FFD50" authority="Sloping Pustular GrEy" authorityName="Sloping Pustular GrEy" box="[141,735,632,653]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heloderma">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF647FE86FD50" box="[141,278,632,653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. heloderma</emphasis>
Sloping Pustular GrEy
</taxonomicName>
lavender Absent Reaching level of Reaching level of distal subarticular intercalary cartilage tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF6E7FAD0FCBE" blockId="6.[141,1473,728,867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF6E7FDA8FD30" authority="Slightly Shagreen" authorityName="Slightly Shagreen" box="[141,568,728,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperium">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF6E7FE85FD30" box="[141,277,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. hesperium</emphasis>
Slightly Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Absent Not reaching level Reaching level of sloping spinules irregular distal subarticular between distal pigmentless spots tubercle subarticular tubercle and white and intercalary spinules cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF74CFA2BFC1E" blockId="6.[141,1467,883,963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF74CFDA8FC55" authority="Sloping Shagreen" authorityName="Sloping Shagreen" box="[141,568,883,904]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huilense">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF74CFF6FFC55" box="[141,255,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. huilense</emphasis>
Sloping Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Absent Reaching level of Reaching or almost spinules cream spinules distal subarticular reaching level of and purple spots tubercle intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF7ECFBC1FB9D" blockId="6.[141,1467,979,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF7ECFD44FC35" authority="Round Shagreen Pale" authorityName="Round Shagreen Pale" box="[141,724,979,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hybrida">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF7ECFF6AFC35" box="[141,250,979,1000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. hybrida</emphasis>
Round Shagreen Pale
</taxonomicName>
lavender Absent Reaching or almost Reaching or almost reaching level of reaching level of distal subarticular intercalary cartilage tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF06FFC9AFBB8" blockId="6.[141,778,1104,1125]" box="[141,778,1104,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF06FFC9AFBB8" authority="Truncate Shagreen Lavender" box="[141,778,1104,1125]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF06FFF5CFBB8" box="[141,204,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. ilex</emphasis>
Truncate Shagreen Lavender
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FCDFF06FFBC1FB7D" blockId="6.[892,1467,1104,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">Present Reaching level of Reaching level of distal subarticular intercalary cartilage tubercle</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF08FFAD0FAE6" blockId="6.[141,1473,1200,1339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF08FFDA8FB18" authority="Round Shagreen" authorityName="Round Shagreen" box="[141,568,1200,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemniscatus">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF08FFEB4FB18" box="[141,292,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. lemniscatus</emphasis>
Round Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Lavender with Absent Reaching level of Reaching level spinules unpigmented distal subarticular between distal spinules tubercle subarticular tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF174FAD0FA08" blockId="6.[141,1473,1355,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF174FD88FABD" authority="Slightly Finely" authorityName="Slightly Finely" box="[141,536,1355,1376]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF174FF6FFABD" box="[141,255,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. muelleri</emphasis>
Slightly Finely
</taxonomicName>
shagreen Greyish lavender Absent Reaching level of Reaching level sloping with dorsolateral with black spots distal subarticular between distal rows of warts and cream warts tubercle subarticular tubercle and intercalary cartilage
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FF2EF1D9FBC1F98E" blockId="6.[141,1467,1510,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE12FFF2FF2EF1D9FDA8FA26" authority="Truncate Shagreen" authorityName="Truncate Shagreen" box="[141,568,1510,1531]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notostictum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FF2EF1D9FEB2FA26" box="[141,290,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">C. notostictum</emphasis>
Truncate Shagreen
</taxonomicName>
with Pale lavender Absent Reaching or almost Reaching or almost spinules with white spots reaching level of reaching level of distal subarticular intercalary cartilage tubercle
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF5E1F9A0FDCD" blockId="6.[1517,1618,478,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
20.6–22.3 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F5C4F993FDCD" box="[1525,1539,507,528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF647F9ADFD76" blockId="6.[1517,1618,632,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
26.8–31.5 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F6A9F993FD76" box="[1525,1539,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 17)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF6E7F9ADFCD6" blockId="6.[1517,1618,728,779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
23.0–27.3 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F6C9F993FCD6" box="[1525,1539,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 54)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF74CF9A1FC78" blockId="6.[1517,1619,883,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
23.6–26.7 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F7AFF993FC78" box="[1525,1539,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF7ECF9ADFBD8" blockId="6.[1517,1619,979,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
20.0–21.9 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F7CFF993FBD8" box="[1525,1539,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 18)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF06FF989FBB8" blockId="6.[1517,1585,1104,1155]" box="[1517,1561,1104,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">27.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF051F9A1FB5E" blockId="6.[1517,1585,1104,1155]" box="[1517,1585,1127,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F051F993FB5E" box="[1525,1539,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF08FF989FB18" blockId="6.[1517,1585,1200,1251]" box="[1517,1561,1200,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">27.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF0F1F9A1FB3E" blockId="6.[1517,1585,1200,1251]" box="[1517,1585,1223,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F0F1F993FB3E" box="[1525,1539,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF174F989FABD" blockId="6.[1517,1561,1355,1376]" box="[1517,1561,1355,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">23.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2FA4EF1D9F889FDCD" blockId="6.[1517,1619,1510,1560]" lastBlockId="6.[1669,1845,478,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
19.4–22.7 (
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE12FFF2FA56F23CF993F9C5" box="[1525,1539,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 31) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F5E1F889FDCD" author="Ruiz-Carranza PM &amp; Lynch JD" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref14116" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1995 c. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia VIII: cuatro nuevas especies de Centrolene de la Cordillera Central. Lozania 65: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1995c)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F647F8A7FD76" blockId="6.[1669,1847,632,683]" box="[1669,1847,632,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F647F958FD76" author="Duellman WE" box="[1669,1773,632,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref13109" refString="Duellman WE. 1981. Three new species of centrolenid frogs from the pacific versant of Ecuador and Colombia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 88: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">Duellman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F6E7F957FCF5" blockId="6.[1669,1788,728,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F6E7F957FCF5" author="Cadle JE &amp; McDiarmid RW" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="746 - 768" refId="ref12881" refString="Cadle JE, McDiarmid RW. 1990. Two new species of Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) from northwestern Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103: 746 - 768." type="journal article" year="1990">Cadle &amp; McDiarmid (1990)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F74CF979FC1E" blockId="6.[1669,1845,883,963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F74CF88AFC78" author="Ruiz-Carranza PM &amp; Lynch JD" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref14116" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1995 c. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia VIII: cuatro nuevas especies de Centrolene de la Cordillera Central. Lozania 65: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1995c)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F7ECF88BFBD8" blockId="6.[1669,1845,979,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F7ECF88BFBD8" author="Ruiz-Carranza PM &amp; Lynch JD" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref13981" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1991 b. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia IV: nuevas especies de Centrolene de la Cordillera Oriental y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Lozania 58: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1991">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F06FF979FB5E" blockId="6.[1669,1823,1104,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">Savage (1967); this work</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F08FF979FADD" blockId="6.[1669,1827,1200,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F08FF88FFB3E" author="Duellman WE &amp; Schulte R" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref13188" refString="Duellman WE, Schulte R. 1993. New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 155: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman &amp; Schulte (1993)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFF2F926F174F979FA46" blockId="6.[1669,1827,1355,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F174F88FFAA0" author="Duellman WE &amp; Schulte R" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref13188" refString="Duellman WE, Schulte R. 1993. New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 155: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman &amp; Schulte (1993)</bibRefCitation>
; this work
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE12FFFCF926F1D9FD85FD3E" blockId="6.[1669,1845,1510,1560]" lastBlockId="8.[142,758,194,739]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="6" pageNumber="495">
<materialsCitation id="3B4D3CC0AE12FFFCF926F1D9FD81FD3E" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="de Milagro" country="Ecuador" county="Plan de Milagro" elevation="2350" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="497" latitude="-1.1166667" location="Ten" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-76.816666" municipality="Departamento" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" specimenCode="QCAZ 22728, QCAZ 28500-01" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-egg="21" stateProvince="Putumayo">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE12FFF2F926F1D9F88BF9C5" author="Ruiz-Carranza PM &amp; Lynch JD" pageId="6" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref13981" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1991 b. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia IV: nuevas especies de Centrolene de la Cordillera Oriental y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Lozania 58: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1991">Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
west-southwest of 
<collectingCounty id="62FB4E11AE1CFFFCFEC7F4FCFD8DFF04" box="[356,541,195,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
Plan 
<collectorName id="26D0534BAE1CFFFCFE02F4FCFD8DFF04" box="[417,541,195,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">de Milagro</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFD8EF4FCFD16FF05" box="[557,646,194,217]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-3.0333333">03°02′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFD30F4FCFD62FF04" box="[659,754,194,217]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-78.583336">78°35′W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFF2DF4DDFF74FF2A" box="[142,228,226,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="2350.0">
<elevation id="0008D1AEAE1CFFFCFF2DF4DDFF74FF2A" box="[142,228,226,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="2350.0">2350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), Provincia Morona-Santiago, 
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1CFFFCFDF2F4DDFD22FF25" box="[593,690,226,248]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; YBS (
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFF35F53EFF4FFECB" box="[150,223,255,278]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-0.68333334">0°41′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFF4CF53EFEDFFECB" box="[239,335,255,279]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-77.88333">77°53′W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFEFEF53EFE23FECB" box="[349,435,257,278]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="0008D1AEAE1CFFFCFEFEF53EFE23FECB" box="[349,435,257,278]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), Provincia Napo, 
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1CFFFCFD33F53EFD62FECA" box="[656,754,257,279]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; and 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFF68F520FE82FEE8" box="[203,274,287,309]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
south-east of San Francisco (
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFD3AF520FD60FEE9" box="[665,752,286,309]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-1.1166667">01°07′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE11505AAE1CFFFCFF2DF501FF7DFE8E" box="[142,237,317,340]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="-76.816666">76°49′W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFF5EF501FEC3FE8E" box="[253,339,318,340]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="1950.0">
<elevation id="0008D1AEAE1CFFFCFF5EF501FEC3FE8E" box="[253,339,318,340]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFEACE7AE1CFFFCFEC8F501FD80FE8E" box="[363,528,318,339]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Departamento</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87FAE1CFFFCFDBEF501FD04FE8E" box="[541,660,318,339]" country="Colombia" name="Putumayo" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Putumayo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1CFFFCFD06F501FF24FEAE" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8EFA6046AE1CFFFCFF1EF562FF78FEAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C878BAE17FFFCFC02F6A3FE54FB42:8EFA6046AE1CFFFCFF1EF562FF78FEAF" box="[189,232,349,370]" country="Ecuador" county="Plan de Milagro" latitude="-1.1166667" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-76.816666" municipality="Departamento" name="Ten" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" stateProvince="Putumayo">Ten</location>
individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFE2CF562FDE1FEAF" box="[399,625,349,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFE2CF562FDE1FEAF" box="[399,625,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found at YBS during 3 years of inventory work; it is the most abundant centrolenid at Yanayacu. Four adult males were found in primary forest and 
<specimenCount id="9D23FD14AE1CFFFCFDB6F586FD10FE12" box="[533,640,441,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
male was found in secondary forest on leaves approximately 
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFF2DF5C9FE86FDD6" box="[142,278,502,523]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="165.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="130.0">130–200 cm</quantity>
above streams. A male (
<specimenCode id="DB839EE6AE1CFFFCFD8BF5C9FD2BFDD1" box="[552,699,502,524]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="Museum">QCAZ 22728</specimenCode>
) was found close to 
<specimenCount id="9D23FD14AE1CFFFCFE8CF62AFE16FDF7" box="[303,390,533,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="egg">two egg</specimenCount>
clutches that were on the upper side (not on the tip) of different leaves; the male was not in the same leaf as the egg clutches, suggesting that the clutches were not being guarded by the male. 
<location id="8EFA6046AE1CFFFCFF2DF6AFFF2AFD78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C878BAE17FFFCFC02F6A3FE54FB42:8EFA6046AE1CFFFCFF2DF6AFFF2AFD78" box="[142,186,656,677]" country="Ecuador" county="Plan de Milagro" latitude="-1.1166667" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-76.816666" municipality="Departamento" name="Egg" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" stateProvince="Putumayo">Egg</location>
clutches (
<specimenCode id="DB839EE6AE1CFFFCFE96F6B0FE60FD78" box="[309,496,655,677]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="Museum">QCAZ 28500-01</specimenCode>
) had 16 and 
<specimenCount id="9D23FD14AE1CFFFCFD35F6B0FD61FD78" box="[662,753,655,677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="egg">20 eggs</specimenCount>
, respectively; embryos have a whitish coloration. Males call from the upper side of leaves
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5A6615AE13FFF3FF2DF60AFEF9FD96" box="[142,361,564,587]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" startId="7.[142,206,565,586]">
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE13FFF3FF2DF60AFEF9FD96" blockId="7.[142,361,564,587]" box="[142,361,564,587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2DF60AFF78FD97" bold="true" box="[142,232,565,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Table 1.</emphasis>
Continued
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE13FFF3FEE9F652F979FA20" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<table id="F925C43DAE13000BFF2EF652F8A7FA20" box="[141,1847,621,1533]" gridcols="9" gridrows="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF652F8A7FD5F" box="[141,1847,621,642]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F652FE3AFD5F" box="[330,426,621,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Snout</th>
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF652F9FAFD5F" box="[1517,1642,621,642]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">SVL in</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF6B5F8A7FD42" box="[141,1847,650,671]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F6B5FE3AFD42" box="[330,426,650,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">(lateral</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F6B5FD16FD42" box="[469,646,650,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Texture of dorsal</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F6B5FCF1FD42" box="[679,865,650,671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Dorsal coloration</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF6B5FC47FD42" box="[892,983,650,671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Teeth on</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF6B5FB53FD42" box="[1020,1219,650,671]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Webbing on Finger</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF6B5F9FAFD42" box="[1517,1642,650,671]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">adult males</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF697F8A7FD60" box="[141,1847,680,701]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F697FE3AFD60" box="[330,426,680,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">view)</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F697FD16FD60" box="[469,646,680,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">skin of males</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F697FCF1FD60" box="[679,865,680,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">in preservative</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF697FC47FD60" box="[892,983,680,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">vomer</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF697FB53FD60" box="[1020,1219,680,701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">IV</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F697FA51FD60" box="[1252,1473,680,701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Webbing on Toe V</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF697F9FAFD60" box="[1517,1642,680,701]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">(mm)</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F697F8A7FD60" box="[1669,1847,680,701]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Source</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF6DDF8A7FD2A" box="[141,1847,738,759]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF6DDFEBAFD2A" box="[141,298,738,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF6DDFE80FD2A" box="[141,272,738,759]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipilatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF6DDFE80FD2A" box="[141,272,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. pipilatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F6DDFE3AFD2A" box="[330,426,738,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Truncate</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F6DDFD16FD2A" box="[469,646,738,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F6DDFCF1FD2A" box="[679,865,738,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lavender with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF6DDFC47FD2A" box="[892,983,738,759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Absent</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF6DDFB53FD2A" box="[1020,1219,738,759]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F6DDFA51FD2A" box="[1252,1473,738,759]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF6DDF9FAFD2A" box="[1517,1642,738,759]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">19.5–22.9</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F6DDF8A7FD2A" box="[1669,1847,738,759]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lynch &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF6C6F8A7FCC8" box="[141,1847,761,789]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F6C6FD16FCC8" box="[469,646,761,789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">spinules and</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F6C6FCF1FCC8" box="[679,865,761,789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">dark purple spots</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF6C6FB53FCC8" box="[1020,1219,761,789]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">distal subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F6C6FA51FCC8" box="[1252,1473,761,789]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">between distal</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF6C6F9FAFCC8" box="[1517,1642,761,789]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F73FF993FCC8" box="[1525,1539,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 10)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F6C6F8A7FCC8" box="[1669,1847,761,789]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Duellman</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF722F8A7FCEF" box="[141,1847,797,818]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F722FD16FCEF" box="[469,646,797,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">white warts</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F722FCF1FCEF" box="[679,865,797,818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">and white warts</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF722FB53FCEF" box="[1020,1219,797,818]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F722FA51FCEF" box="[1252,1473,797,818]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">subarticular tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F722F8A7FCEF" box="[1669,1847,797,818]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">(1973); this work</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF705F8A7FC92" box="[141,1847,826,847]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F705FA51FC92" box="[1252,1473,826,847]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">and intercalary</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF767F8A7FCB0" box="[141,1847,856,877]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F767FA51FCB0" box="[1252,1473,856,877]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">cartilage</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF742F8A7FC4F" box="[141,1847,893,914]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF742FEBAFC4F" box="[141,298,893,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF742FEB4FC4F" box="[141,292,893,914]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF742FEB4FC4F" box="[141,292,893,914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. prosoblepon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F742FE3AFC4F" box="[330,426,893,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Round to</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F742FD16FC4F" box="[469,646,893,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F742FCF1FC4F" box="[679,865,893,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lavender with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF742FC47FC4F" box="[892,983,893,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Present</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF742FB53FC4F" box="[1020,1219,893,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F742FA51FC4F" box="[1252,1473,893,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF742F9FAFC4F" box="[1517,1642,893,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">21.7–26.6</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F742F8A7FC4F" box="[1669,1847,893,914]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lynch &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF7ABF8A7FC72" box="[141,1847,916,943]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F7ABFE3AFC72" box="[330,426,916,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">truncate</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F7ABFCF1FC72" box="[679,865,916,943]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">dark purple and/</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF7ABFB53FC72" box="[1020,1219,916,943]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">between distal</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F7ABFA51FC72" box="[1252,1473,916,943]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">intercalary cartilage</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF7ABF9FAFC72" box="[1517,1642,916,943]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F7A5F993FC72" box="[1525,1539,922,943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 5)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F7ABF8A7FC72" box="[1669,1847,916,943]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Duellman</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF787F8A7FC10" box="[141,1847,952,973]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F787FCF1FC10" box="[679,865,952,973]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">or cream spots</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF787FB53FC10" box="[1020,1219,952,973]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F787F8A7FC10" box="[1669,1847,952,973]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">(1973); this work</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF7EAF8A7FC37" box="[141,1847,981,1002]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF7EAF8A7FC37" box="[141,1847,981,1002]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle and</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF7CDF8A7FBDA" box="[141,1847,1010,1031]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF7CDF8A7FBDA" box="[141,1847,1010,1031]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">intercalary</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF02FF8A7FBF8" box="[141,1847,1040,1061]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF02FFB53FBF8" box="[1020,1219,1040,1061]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">cartilage</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF00AF8A7FB97" box="[141,1847,1077,1098]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF00AFEBAFB97" box="[141,298,1077,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF00AFEBAFB97" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1995" box="[141,298,1077,1098]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quindianum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF00AFEBAFB97" box="[141,298,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. quindianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F00AFE3AFB97" box="[330,426,1077,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Round</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F00AFD16FB97" box="[469,646,1077,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F00AFCF1FB97" box="[679,865,1077,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lavender with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF00AFC47FB97" box="[892,983,1077,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Absent</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF00AFB53FB97" box="[1020,1219,1077,1098]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F00AFA51FB97" box="[1252,1473,1077,1098]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching or almost</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF00AF9FAFB97" box="[1517,1642,1077,1098]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">24.0–26.6</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F00AF8A7FB97" box="[1669,1847,1077,1098]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Ruiz-Carranza &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF073F8A7FBBA" box="[141,1847,1100,1127]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F073FD16FBBA" box="[469,646,1100,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">spinules</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F073FCF1FBBA" box="[679,865,1100,1127]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">dark purple spots</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF073FB53FBBA" box="[1020,1219,1100,1127]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">distal subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F073FA51FBBA" box="[1252,1473,1100,1127]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF073F9FAFBBA" box="[1517,1642,1100,1127]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F06DF993FBBA" box="[1525,1539,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 10)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F073F8A7FBBA" box="[1669,1847,1100,1127]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lynch (1995c)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF04FF8A7FB58" box="[141,1847,1136,1157]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F04FFCF1FB58" box="[679,865,1136,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">and white</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF04FFB53FB58" box="[1020,1219,1136,1157]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F04FFA51FB58" box="[1252,1473,1136,1157]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">intercalary cartilage</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF0B2F8A7FB7F" box="[141,1847,1165,1186]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F0B2FCF1FB7F" box="[679,865,1165,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">spinules</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF08DF8A7FB1A" box="[141,1847,1202,1223]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF08DFEBAFB1A" box="[141,298,1202,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF08DFF6CFB1A" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch" authorityYear="1995" box="[141,252,1202,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robledoi">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF08DFF6CFB1A" box="[141,252,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. robledoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F08DFE3AFB1A" box="[330,426,1202,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Round</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F08DFD16FB1A" box="[469,646,1202,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F08DFCF1FB1A" box="[679,865,1202,1223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lavender with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF08DFC47FB1A" box="[892,983,1202,1223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Absent</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF08DFB53FB1A" box="[1020,1219,1202,1223]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching or almost</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F08DFA51FB1A" box="[1252,1473,1202,1223]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF08DF9FAFB1A" box="[1517,1642,1202,1223]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">19.9–24.4</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F08DF8A7FB1A" box="[1669,1847,1202,1223]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Ruiz-Carranza &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF0F6F8A7FB38" box="[141,1847,1225,1253]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F0F6FCF1FB38" box="[679,865,1225,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">dark purple spots</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF0F6FB53FB38" box="[1020,1219,1225,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F0F6FA51FB38" box="[1252,1473,1225,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">between distal</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF0F6F9FAFB38" box="[1517,1642,1225,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F0EFF993FB38" box="[1525,1539,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 13)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F0F6F8A7FB38" box="[1669,1847,1225,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lynch (1995c)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF0D2F8A7FADF" box="[141,1847,1261,1282]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF0D2FB53FADF" box="[1020,1219,1261,1282]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">distal subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F0D2FA51FADF" box="[1252,1473,1261,1282]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">subarticular tubercle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF135F8A7FAC2" box="[141,1847,1290,1311]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF135FB53FAC2" box="[1020,1219,1290,1311]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F135FA51FAC2" box="[1252,1473,1290,1311]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">and intercalary</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF117F8A7FAE0" box="[141,1847,1320,1341]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F117FA51FAE0" box="[1252,1473,1320,1341]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">cartilage</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF172F8A7FABF" box="[141,1847,1357,1378]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF172FEBAFABF" box="[141,298,1357,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF172FF6CFABF" box="[141,252,1357,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scirtetes">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF172FF6CFABF" box="[141,252,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. scirtetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F172FE3AFABF" box="[330,426,1357,1378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Round</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F172FD16FABF" box="[469,646,1357,1378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F172FCF1FABF" box="[679,865,1357,1378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lavender with</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF172FC47FABF" box="[892,983,1357,1378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Absent</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF172FB53FABF" box="[1020,1219,1357,1378]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F172FA51FABF" box="[1252,1473,1357,1378]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF172F9FAFABF" box="[1517,1642,1357,1378]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">24.4</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F172F8A7FABF" box="[1669,1847,1357,1378]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Duellman &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF15BF8A7FAA2" box="[141,1847,1380,1407]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F15BFD16FAA2" box="[469,646,1380,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">spinules</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F15BFCF1FAA2" box="[679,865,1380,1407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">black spots and</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF15BFB53FAA2" box="[1020,1219,1380,1407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">distal subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F15BFA51FAA2" box="[1252,1473,1380,1407]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">intercalary cartilage</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF15BF9FAFAA2" box="[1517,1642,1380,1407]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F155F993FAA2" box="[1525,1539,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F15BF8A7FAA2" box="[1669,1847,1380,1407]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Burrowes (1989);</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF1B7F8A7FA40" box="[141,1847,1416,1437]" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F1B7FCF1FA40" box="[679,865,1416,1437]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">white spinules</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF1B7FB53FA40" box="[1020,1219,1416,1437]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F1B7F8A7FA40" box="[1669,1847,1416,1437]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">this work</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF192F8A7FA1F" box="[141,1847,1453,1474]" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<th id="76C45DA3AE13000BFF2EF192FEBAFA1F" box="[141,298,1453,1474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE13FFF3FF2EF192FF69FA1F" box="[141,249,1453,1474]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tayrona">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FF2EF192FF69FA1F" box="[141,249,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">C. tayrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFEE9F192FE3AFA1F" box="[330,426,1453,1474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Sloping</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFE76F192FD16FA1F" box="[469,646,1453,1474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Shagreen</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFD04F192FCF1FA1F" box="[679,865,1453,1474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Pale lavender</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFCDFF192FC47FA1F" box="[892,983,1453,1474]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Absent</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF192FB53FA1F" box="[1020,1219,1453,1474]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F192FA51FA1F" box="[1252,1473,1453,1474]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Reaching or almost</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF192F9FAFA1F" box="[1517,1642,1453,1474]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">28.2–30.8</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F192F8A7FA1F" box="[1669,1847,1453,1474]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Ruiz-Carranza &amp;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF1FBF8A7FA02" box="[141,1847,1476,1503]" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF1FBFB53FA02" box="[1020,1219,1476,1503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">distal subarticular</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F1FBFA51FA02" box="[1252,1473,1476,1503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">reaching level of</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFA4EF1FBF9FAFA02" box="[1517,1642,1476,1503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">
(
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE13FFF3FA56F1F5F993FA02" box="[1525,1539,1482,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 13)
</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F1FBF8A7FA02" box="[1669,1847,1476,1503]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">Lynch (1991b);</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351534DFAE13000BFF2EF1D7F8A7FA20" box="[141,1847,1512,1533]" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="496" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFC5FF1D7FB53FA20" box="[1020,1219,1512,1533]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">tubercle</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BFB47F1D7FA51FA20" box="[1252,1473,1512,1533]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">intercalary cartilage</td>
<td id="76C45DA3AE13000BF926F1D7F8A7FA20" box="[1669,1847,1512,1533]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="496">this work</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFF2DF6C4FE54FB42" blockId="8.[142,758,763,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFF2DF6C4FF63FCCD" box="[142,243,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Remarks</emphasis>
: 
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described 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFDADF6C4FD66FCCD" box="[526,758,763,784]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFDADF6C4FD66FCCD" box="[526,758,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and placed it in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFE31F726FD0FFCF3" box="[402,671,793,814]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFE31F726FD0FFCF3" box="[402,671,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; however, there is little support for the monophyly of the group (see Discussion) and we consider this placement as tentative until a well-supported phylogeny is available. 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFEA5F7ABFE7CFC74" box="[262,492,916,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFEA5F7ABFE7CFC74" box="[262,492,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only from males (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFF7DF78CFECAFC14" author="Wild ER" box="[222,346,947,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild, 1994</bibRefCitation>
); during our fieldwork, we found 
<specimenCount id="9D23FD14AE1CFFFCFD6DF78CFF4AFC3A" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(QCAZ 17807; SVL = 
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), which matches the description provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFE6FF7CFFDC2FBDB" author="Wild ER" box="[460,594,1008,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref14517" refString="Wild ER. 1994. Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 28: 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, except that it has a smooth dorsum (dorsum shagreen with minute spinules in males) and the following foot webbing: I 1 
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−2 
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II 1 
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−2 
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III 1 
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−2 
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IV 2 
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−1 V. In males, nuptial pads are more reduced than the 
<typeStatus id="549E883FAE1CFFFCFD01F054FD4AFB5D" box="[674,730,1131,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Type</typeStatus>
I described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFE85F0B6FE50FB42" author="Flores G" box="[294,448,1161,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="313 - 320" refId="ref13338" refString="Flores G. 1985. A new Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology 13: 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1CFFFCFE85F0B6FEFDFB42" box="[294,365,1161,1183]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Flores</collectingCountry>
(1985)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>