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<document id="D9EEA4BFB91068B8623672E16FD6CFE6" ID-CLB-Dataset="7056" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e2f997e-5d4b-4153-ba58-80893e45257a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715114" ID-ZooBank="86ECDC4F-60D6-463D-B583-5FF12F1E7618" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619169582965" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takano, Hitoshi, László, Gyula M. &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2021" docId="038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4964.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4964 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Papilio illyris subsp. hamatus Joicey &amp; Talbot 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="FFB54578C6661572EE2E3C5B7911D058" masterDocTitle="Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection: a case of patria falsa" masterLastPageNumber="597" masterPageNumber="585" pageNumber="591" updateTime="1698937576053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="581F46E05FA3868E787B2B08B88ED185">Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection: a case of patria falsa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C94810C02EB8BA63C9654DF3E1F60C79">Takano, Hitoshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="172A4D162CA89E233F55944BA62C60EA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2627-4881</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="07579C057E97BCF911CD14FAF610E73B">African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster, Herefordshire, HR 6 9 QA, UK &amp; hitoshi. takano @ anhrt. org. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2627 - 4881</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="003C6ED766DD1D611D4D87ACAD055826" type="email">hitoshi.takano@anhrt.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="4C5838486B9C0CF9BA1FC49155ED5684">László, Gyula M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="78F5F22F20DDE6E23D0798A8F8B5BFE7" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9862-8290</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D4E2E1C8104772CB97CB6AB38F052274">African Natural History Research Trust, Street Court, Kingsland, Leominster, Herefordshire, HR 6 9 QA, UK &amp; gyula @ anhrt. org. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9862 - 8290</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="85ED75AF4D2CC9344D4D0F53F9F7763B" type="email">gyula@anhrt.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2FE74B07E9AA37F0C77D42907D5B3831">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FE1717A2052622709E45AC2E2DA15442">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="645786B3EF4082E81F84F45A1B05F677">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71721F81A702F14142CA8C00C930CDBC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3DC74D49DE4B4FF071F376077C52B39">2021-04-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8BEA488FF6BF240136DCB6E44AEC26D7">4964</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F3854B9E0DA1F16B75FB3EC533D6F100" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4742506" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181879889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4742506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<subSubSection id="C33FDF9DC6601574EEB93E8D7A7DD2A8" box="[151,876,726,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEB93E8D7A7DD2A8" blockId="6.[151,876,726,753]" box="[151,876,726,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<heading id="D0D23B7AC6601574EEB93E8D7A7DD2A8" bold="true" box="[151,876,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EEB93E8D7A7DD2A8" bold="true" box="[151,876,726,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Resolution of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EF6A3E8D7A7DD2A8" authority="Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[324,876,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EF6A3E8D7B44D2A9" bold="true" box="[324,597,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papilio illyris hamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574EC733E8D7A7DD2A8" author="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G." box="[605,876,726,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" pagination="271 - 272" refId="ref8389" refString="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G. (1918) New Butterflies from Africa and the East. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 271 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1917. tb 02067. x" type="book chapter" year="1918">Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33FDF9DC6601578EEB93F44780DD3B5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEB93F447D15D46D" blockId="6.[151,1437,799,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
In light of the information unearthed thus far, it is worth briefly investigating
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EA0A3F447834D305" authority="Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EA0A3F447C3AD361" box="[1060,1323,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papilio illyris hamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574EB1B3F447834D305" author="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G." pageId="6" pageNumber="591" pagination="271 - 272" refId="ref8389" refString="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G. (1918) New Butterflies from Africa and the East. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 271 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1917. tb 02067. x" type="book chapter" year="1918">Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EFD33F187B61D305" box="[509,624,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EFD33F187B61D305" box="[509,624,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Graphium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a species described from Suffert’s collection which has long remained a mystery. This taxon was described from a single male specimen and in the original description, the authors state the specimen originated from ‘
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EFC33FD07BC3D3FD" box="[493,722,907,933]" name="Burundi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">German East Africa</collectingCountry>
(British Occupation)’. This was discussed in detail by Smith &amp; Vane-Wright (2001) in their revision of the genus and without any further material available to them and slight differences in the wing-markings and genitalia, the name was retained as a ‘somewhat doubtful’ subspecies.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574EB7E3F8879F3D449" author="Larsen, T. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refId="ref8522" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) The Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Denmark, 2 vol., 900 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
postulated that
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EFB23FAC7B3ED449" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[412,559,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EFFE3FAC7B3ED449" box="[464,559,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was likely to be conspecific with the Central African subspecies
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EB0B3FAC7C8DD449" box="[1317,1436,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">girardeaui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574EEB9384078A4D46D" author="Guilbot, R. &amp; Plantrou, J." box="[151,437,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" pagination="68 - 73" refId="ref8220" refString="Guilbot, R. &amp; Plantrou, J. (1978) Note sur Graphium illyris (Hewitson) et revision systematique de l'espece [Lep. Papilionidae]. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 83 (3 - 4), 68 - 73." type="journal article" year="1978">Guilbot &amp; Plantrou, 1978</bibRefCitation>
and that the original vague locality was
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574ED5538407AECD46D" box="[891,1021,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">patria falsa</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEE938647D70D587" blockId="6.[151,1437,799,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6601574EEE938647D4BD587" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829306" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" determinerName="Det. F. le Cerf" location="According" municipality="Note" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EEE93864782CD401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EEE93864782CD401" box="[199,317,1087,1113]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="According" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">According</location>
to the catalogue,
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EC2238647B48D401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EC2238647B48D401" box="[524,601,1087,1113]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="Suffert" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Suffert</location>
owned
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574EC9838647A3DD401" box="[694,812,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="male">three male</specimenCount>
specimens of ‘
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EDF338647D31D401" box="[989,1056,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EDF338647D31D401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EDF338647D31D401" box="[989,1056,1087,1113]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="Illyris" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Illyris</location>
</emphasis>
’, all
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574EA7038647C05D401" box="[1118,1300,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
being present in the Joicey Bequest. The
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EFDD38387B44D425" box="[499,597,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EC5238387A1FD425" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[636,782,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EC8138387A1FD425" box="[687,782,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aside, the two other specimens are labelled as being from
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EEB938DC781ED4F9" box="[151,271,1159,1185]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EF3738DC7854D4F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EF3738DC7854D4F9" box="[281,325,1159,1185]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">The</location>
first (BMNH # 143418) has the following labels: ‘// ill. / Cam. [handwritten in Suffert’s hand; label with black border and trimmed at base (illustrated in
<figureCitation id="131E9093C6601574ECC438F07A36D49D" box="[746,807,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[305,1303,1036,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-325@3.[392,1196,1036,1756]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Handwritten locality labels in Suffert’s hand. 1. holotype female of Charaxes maudei. 2. paratype female of Charaxes pembanus usambarae 3. male specimen of Papilio hornimani hornimani. 4. paratype male of Acraea excelsior usambarae. 5. female specimen of Junonia westermanni splendens. 6. male specimen of Graphium illyris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715124/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">fig. 6</figureCitation>
)] //
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574ED7B38F07AABD49D" box="[853,954,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Ex. Coll.</collectorName>
/ Suffert. / 1912. //
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EAB838F07DCFD49D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EAB838F07DCFD49D" box="[1174,1246,1195,1221]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="Joicey" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Joicey</location>
/ Bequest. / Brit. Mus. / 1934–120. //’.
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EFA3389478A8D4B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EFA3389478A8D4B1" box="[397,441,1231,1257]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">The</location>
second (BMNH # 143426) has the following labels: ‘// ill. /
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EA4738947D84D4B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EA4738947D84D4B1" box="[1129,1173,1231,1257]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="Sud" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Süd</location>
/ Cam. [handwritten in Suffert’s hand; label with black border and trimmed at base] //
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574ED7938A87AADD555" box="[855,956,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Ex. Coll.</collectorName>
/ Suffert. / 1912. //
<determinerName id="7E4660D2C6601574EAB738A87C29D555" box="[1177,1336,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EAB738A87C29D555" box="[1177,1336,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Det. F. le Cerf</collectorName>
</determinerName>
/ 1921 //
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EEB9394C7801D569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EEB9394C7801D569" box="[151,272,1303,1329]" country="Cameroon" county="Rothschild's" municipality="Note" name="Rothschild" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Rothschild</location>
/ Bequest. / B.M. 1939–1. //’.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFE166CC6601574EC46394C7B8FD569" box="[616,670,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Note</collectingMunicipality>
that this specimen was in
<collectingCounty id="62FBF49AC6601574EDE6394C7D45D569" box="[968,1108,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Rothschild’s</collectingCounty>
possession and did not reach
<collectionCode id="ED3414D3C6601574EEB939607810D50D" box="[151,257,1339,1365]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
via
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EF1F39607887D50D" box="[305,406,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Joicey. It</collectorName>
is likely
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EFD039607B66D50D" box="[510,631,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Rothschild</collectorName>
obtained the specimen directly from
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EA3439607D73D50D" box="[1050,1122,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Joicey</collectorName>
rather than from
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EB0839607C8CD50D" box="[1318,1437,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Rolle. The</collectorName>
third specimen, the
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EF5A390478C7D521" box="[372,470,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EFD239047BEDD521" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[508,764,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EFD239047BEDD521" box="[508,764,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papilio illyris hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the following labels: ‘//
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EA1339047D64D521" box="[1085,1141,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Type</collectorName>
/ H.T [white disc with red border] // 51 [handwritten] //
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EFF739D87B2CD5C5" box="[473,573,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Ex. Coll.</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EC6139D87BB4D5C5" box="[591,677,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Suffert.</collectorName>
/ 1912. //
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574ED3F39D87A71D5C5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[785,864,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Papilio</taxonomicName>
/ illyris / hamatus /
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EA1639D87D91D5C5" box="[1080,1152,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Joicey</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EA8E39D87DC8D5C5" box="[1184,1241,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Talb.</collectorName>
/ TYPE
<specimenCount id="9D23479FC6601574EB1939D87C5DD5C5" box="[1335,1356,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EB7539D87C9ED5C5" box="[1371,1423,1411,1437]" name="Hitoshi Takano" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">H.T.</collectorName>
). [handwritten in
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EF6439FB78B5D5E2" box="[330,420,1440,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Talbot’s</collectorName>
hand] //
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EC2739FB7B40D5E2" box="[521,593,1440,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Joicey</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EC4939FA7BD8D5E3" box="[615,713,1441,1467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Bequest.</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574ECF039FB7A5BD5E2" box="[734,842,1440,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Brit.Mus.</collectorName>
/ 1934–120. // B.M.(N.H.) /
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EAA039FB7C0DD5E2" box="[1166,1308,1440,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Rhopalocera</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26D0E9C0C6601574EB1C39FB7C8CD5E3" box="[1330,1437,1440,1467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Slide No.</collectorName>
/ V4698 [red print; partially handwritten] // BMNH # 143403 //’ (illustrated in fig. 16)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEE939B3786CD71E" blockId="6.[151,1437,799,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Similar to the
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EF4239B378DFD65A" box="[364,462,1512,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EFD939B37A05D65A" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1924" box="[503,788,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pelodurus" subSpecies="vesper">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EFD939B37A05D65A" box="[503,788,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papilio pelodurus vesper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(discussed previously), this specimen does not have any label data that suggests a Tanzanian origin with the only unique label (aside from the accession labels) being a handwritten ‘51’. On examining the lecotype specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574ED0B3A6B7DE9D612" authority="Suffert, 1904" authorityName="Suffert" authorityYear="1904" box="[805,1272,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="policenes" subSpecies="liponesco">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574ED0B3A6B7D4BD612" box="[805,1114,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papilio policenes liponesco</emphasis>
Suffert, 1904
</taxonomicName>
, this specimen also has a handwritten number, this time ‘48’, in exactly the same large font and ink (although it is difficult to decipher whether these are in Suffert’s hand or not). It is most likely that these numbers refer to localities which were provided by the dealers although one can only speculate as to how Joicey, Talbot and Le Cerf were able to decipher and state so unambiguously the localities in the original descriptions. Nevertheless, the existence of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EB263A9B79D8D6A6" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EB263A9B79D8D6A6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Graphium illyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EEC23ABF7840D6A6" box="[236,337,1764,1790]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
is highly unlikely, the butterfly not being found east of the Albertine Rift and based on the origins of the other
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EF303B53784ED77A" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[286,351,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EF303B53784ED77A" box="[286,351,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">illyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in Suffert’s collection, the specimen may well be of a Cameroonian origin, supporting Larsen’s hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6601574EEB93B337D74D7A2" blockId="6.[151,1437,799,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6601574EEB93B337C8DD7D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829307" box="[151,1436,1896,1921]" location="Suffert" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi">
24 The one reliable butterfly with the
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6601574EC1F3B327B4CD7D9" box="[561,605,1897,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<collectingRegion id="49E142F4C6601574ECFB3B337A1DD7D8" box="[725,780,1896,1920]" country="Tanzania" name="Lindi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Lindi</collectingRegion>
described by
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EDB33B337AF2D7D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EDB33B337AF2D7D8" box="[925,995,1896,1920]" name="Suffert" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" stateProvince="Lindi">Suffert</location>
(1904b) is
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6601574EA753B337C41D7D8" authorityName="Suffert" authorityYear="1904" box="[1115,1360,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pentila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amenaida" subSpecies="dama">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6601574EA753B337C41D7D8" box="[1115,1360,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Pentila amenaida dama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which
</materialsCitation>
was collected by Friedrich Fülleborn on his expedition to the highland region between Lake Tanganyika and Lake
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C6601574EB613BDC7C8DD7C7" box="[1359,1436,1927,1951]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Malawi</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C6601574EEE03BFD787FD7E6" author="Fulleborn, F." box="[206,366,1958,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refId="ref8139" refString="Fulleborn, F. (1906) Das Deutsche Njassa- und Ruwuma-Gebiet: Land und Leute nebst Bemerkungen u ¨ ber die Schire-La ¨ nder: mit Benutzung von Ergebnissen der Njassa- und Kingagebirgs-Expedition der Hermann und Elise geb. Heckmann Wentzel- Stiftung. Deutsch-Ostafrika, 9 (1), 636 pp." type="book" year="1906">Fülleborn 1906</bibRefCitation>
). As this expedition was funded by the Hermann and Elise Wentzel Foundation, which was set up to benefit
<materialsCitation id="3B4D864BC6601574EEE93B9F7C8DD784" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107829301" box="[199,1436,1988,2012]" location="Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin">
the
<location id="8EFADACDC6601574EEC23B9F7B72D784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C3D00C6601578EEB93E8D780DD3B5:8EFADACDC6601574EEC23B9F7B72D784" box="[236,611,1988,2012]" name="Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" stateProvince="Berlin">Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences</location>
in
<collectingRegion id="49E142F4C6601574ECAF3B9F7BD2D784" box="[641,707,1988,2012]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Berlin</collectingRegion>
, the scientific samples collected on this expedition were deposited in the
</materialsCitation>
ZMHB and this would have been one of the specimens Suffert studied on Karsch’s request.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5ADC9EC6611575EEB93B367AA8D7F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715134" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715134/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" startId="7.[151,264,1901,1925]" targetBox="[214,1375,181,1868]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6611575EEB93B367AA8D7F1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1901,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EEB93B367859D7DD" bold="true" box="[151,328,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">FIGURES 9–14.</emphasis>
Left valves of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6611575EFCB3B367B9ED7DD" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[485,655,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EFCB3B367B9ED7DD" box="[485,655,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">Graphium illyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575ECB33B367BA1D7DD" bold="true" box="[669,688,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">9.</emphasis>
Ivory Coast (LG5134).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575ED873B367AD8D7DD" bold="true" box="[937,969,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">10.</emphasis>
Ivory Coast (LG5135).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EAEC3B367DF1D7DD" bold="true" box="[1218,1248,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">11.</emphasis>
Ghana (LG5133).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EEB93BCA79A6D7F1" bold="true" box="[151,183,1937,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">12.</emphasis>
Cameroon (LG5130).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EFB13BCA78AED7F1" bold="true" box="[415,447,1937,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">13.</emphasis>
Cameroon (LG5131).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EC893BCA7BD6D7F1" bold="true" box="[679,711,1937,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">14.</emphasis>
D.R. Congo (LG5132).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5ADC9EC6611575EEB93BEE79F4D7A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4742512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4742512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4742512/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" startId="7.[151,264,1973,1997]" targetBox="[214,1375,181,1868]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C6611575EEB93BEE79F4D7A9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1973,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EEB93BEE7846D795" bold="true" box="[151,343,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">FIGURES 15–18:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C6611575EF713BEE78A9D795" box="[351,440,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C6611575EFF23BEE7BD9D795" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[476,712,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EFF23BEE7BD9D795" box="[476,712,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">Papilio illyris hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575ECF83BEE7BE4D795" bold="true" box="[726,757,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">15.</emphasis>
left valve (Vial 4698).
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EDC73BEE7D19D795" bold="true" box="[1001,1032,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">16.</emphasis>
labels.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EA773BEE7D68D795" bold="true" box="[1113,1145,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">17.</emphasis>
habitus: dorsal.
<emphasis id="B9515004C6611575EB0B3BEE7C55D795" bold="true" box="[1317,1348,1973,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">18.</emphasis>
habitus: ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5ADC9EC66E157AEEB93BCC7849D7A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715148/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" startId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[176,1409,187,1904]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C66E157AEEB93BCC7849D7A0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEEB93BCC7844D7F7" bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">FIGURES 19–24.</emphasis>
Habitus (dorsal) of male
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66E157AEC743BC37A15D7E8" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[602,772,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEC743BC37A15D7E8" box="[602,772,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">Graphium illyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEDAA3BCC7ADBD7F7" bold="true" box="[900,970,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">19–20.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEDFE3BC37AEFD7F7" box="[976,1022,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">G. i.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66E157AEA2A3BC37DABD7E8" authority="(Hewitson)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1028,1210,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEA2A3BC37D2ED7E8" box="[1028,1087,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">illyris</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
, Ivory Coast.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEB673BCC7C78D7F7" bold="true" box="[1353,1385,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">21.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEB413BC379FCD78C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">G. i. hamatus</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot), Cameroon.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEC0A3BE07B55D78B" bold="true" box="[548,580,1979,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">22.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEC673BE77BC1D78C" box="[585,720,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">G. i. hamatus</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot), D.R. Congo.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEA393BE07D4CD78B" bold="true" box="[1047,1117,1979,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">23–24.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66E157AEA4C3BE77C1CD78C" box="[1122,1293,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">G. i. flavisparsus</emphasis>
(Fruhstorfer), Equatorial Guinea.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5ADC9EC66F157BEEB93BCC7849D7A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715161/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" startId="9.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1400,188,1903]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C66F157BEEB93BCC7C8CD795" blockId="9.[151,1437,1943,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEEB93BCC7845D7F7" bold="true" box="[151,340,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">FIGURES 25–30.</emphasis>
Habitus (ventral) of male
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66F157BEC713BC37A18D7E8" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[607,777,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEC713BC37A18D7E8" box="[607,777,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Graphium illyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEDA63BCC7ADFD7F7" bold="true" box="[904,974,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">25–26.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEDFA3BC37D10D7F7" box="[980,1025,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">G. i.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66F157BEA293BC37DADD7E8" authority="(Hewitson)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1031,1212,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEA293BC37D53D7E8" box="[1031,1090,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">illyris</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
, Ivory Coast.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEB643BCC7C7BD7F7" bold="true" box="[1354,1386,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">27.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEB5E3BC379FCD795" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">G. i. hamatus</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot), Cameroon.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEC0A3BEE7B55D795" bold="true" box="[548,580,1973,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">28.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEC673BEE7BC1D795" box="[585,720,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">G. i. hamatus</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot), D.R. Congo.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEA393BEE7D4CD795" bold="true" box="[1047,1117,1973,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">29–30.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9515004C66F157BEA4C3BEE7C1CD795" box="[1122,1293,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">G. i. flavisparsus</emphasis>
(Fruhstorfer),
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C66F157BEEB93B827849D7A9" blockId="9.[151,1437,1943,2033]" box="[151,344,2009,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Equatorial Guinea.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9A8C16C66C1578EEE93CCC780DD3B5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66C1578EEE93CCC7B5BD0E9" authority="(Hewitson, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[199,586,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illyris">
<emphasis id="B9515004C66C1578EEE93CCC7890D0E9" box="[199,385,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Graphium illyris</emphasis>
(Hewitson, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
is a lowland forest species of West and Central Africa. The nominate subspecies is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C66C1578EFB13CE07B3ED08D" box="[415,559,187,213]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C66C1578EC7C3CE07B8AD08D" box="[594,667,187,213]" name="Ghana" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Ghana</collectingCountry>
whilst
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66C1578ECC03CE07A87D08D" authorityName="Guilbot &amp; Plantrou" authorityYear="1978" box="[750,918,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="girardeaui">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66C1578ED313CE07A87D08D" box="[799,918,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">girardeaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found from
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C66C1578EA123CE07D81D08D" box="[1084,1168,187,213]" name="Nigeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
to D.R.
<collectingCountry id="F332CC86C66C1578EAC13CE07C2BD08D" box="[1263,1338,187,213]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Congo</collectingCountry>
as far as the Albertine Rift in the east (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4F1E7C66C1578EFC73C847B86D0A1" author="Ducarme, R." box="[489,663,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" pagination="23 - 37" refId="ref8043" refString="Ducarme, R. (2018) The butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Metamorphosis, 29, 23 - 37." type="journal article" year="2018">Ducarme 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The main phenotypic diagnostic characters which separate the two populations are the forewing band which is more markedly curved in the western population, and the hindwing band which terminates abruptly in cell CuA
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in
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the western population but usually continues into cell CuA
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the central population. The yellow marking in forewing cell R
<subScript id="17A18E53C66C1578ECCE3D067BF9D133" attach="left" box="[736,744,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">2</subScript>
generally widens towards the cell in the western population whereas in the central population it remains narrow and often protrudes further towards the outer margin than the marking in R
<subScript id="17A18E53C66C1578EF023DFE7825D1EB" attach="left" box="[300,308,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">3</subScript>
. In some specimens of the central population, a spot is present in the axil of forewing cell R
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which appears never to be present in the western population (mainly due to the curvature of the band). The width of the bands and the size of the submarginal markings are highly variable but contrary to Smith &amp; Vane-Wright (2001), specimens with some of the narrowest bands originate in Central Africa (
<figureCitation id="131E9093C66C1578EDE13DA47D0AD241" box="[975,1051,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[176,1409,187,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[167,1421,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Habitus (dorsal) of male Graphium illyris subspecies. 19–20. G. i. illyris (Hewitson), Ivory Coast. 21. G. i. hamatus (Joicey &amp; Talbot), Cameroon. 22. G. i. hamatus (Joicey &amp; Talbot), D.R. Congo. 23–24. G. i. flavisparsus (Fruhstorfer), Equatorial Guinea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715148/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">fig. 21</figureCitation>
) which are somewhat reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66C1578EE963E787B42D265" authority="(Fruhstorfer, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Fruhstorfer" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[184,595,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="flavisparsus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66C1578EEC53E787863D265" box="[235,370,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">flavisparsus</emphasis>
(Fruhstorfer, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131E9093C66C1578EC4B3E787BFAD265" box="[613,747,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[176,1409,187,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[167,1421,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19–24. Habitus (dorsal) of male Graphium illyris subspecies. 19–20. G. i. illyris (Hewitson), Ivory Coast. 21. G. i. hamatus (Joicey &amp; Talbot), Cameroon. 22. G. i. hamatus (Joicey &amp; Talbot), D.R. Congo. 23–24. G. i. flavisparsus (Fruhstorfer), Equatorial Guinea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715148/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">figs. 23–24</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C66C1578ED1D3E787A84D265" box="[819,917,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66C1578ED913E787D43D265" baseAuthorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[959,1106,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66C1578EDDD3E787D43D265" box="[1011,1106,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(figs. 17–18) displays a yellow mark as a continuation of the band along the upper discocellular vein of the hindwing discal cell terminating in hindwing cell M
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. This phenotype is unique to this specimen and is unquestionably an aberration. This character aside, the specimen shares characters similar to those of the central population, namely the straighter forewing band and hindwing band continuing into CuA
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. It also has the spot in the axil of forewing cell R
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. A comparison of the left valve of three West African (
<figureCitation id="131E9093C66C1578EC1E3E8C7BB0D2A9" box="[560,673,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[214,1375,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[200,1388,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Left valves of Graphium illyris. 9. Ivory Coast (LG5134). 10. Ivory Coast (LG5135). 11. Ghana (LG5133). 12. Cameroon (LG5130). 13. Cameroon (LG5131). 14. D.R. Congo (LG5132)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715134/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
) and three Central African (
<figureCitation id="131E9093C66C1578EDF23E8C7D4CD2A9" box="[988,1117,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[214,1375,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[200,1388,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Left valves of Graphium illyris. 9. Ivory Coast (LG5134). 10. Ivory Coast (LG5135). 11. Ghana (LG5133). 12. Cameroon (LG5130). 13. Cameroon (LG5131). 14. D.R. Congo (LG5132)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715134/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
) specimens reveals the variability in the shape and serration of the dorsal and ventral harpes in both populations. However, the shape of the ventral harpe in the western population is more sub-trapezoid in shape compared to the central population which is distinctly elongate apically. The distance between the dorsal and ventral terminal processes of the valve is wider and the ventral terminal process is also more elongate in the West African population compared to the Central African population. The left valve of the
<typeStatus id="549E32B4C66C1578EC283FD07B79D3FD" box="[518,616,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C25F795C66C1578ED153FD07ADAD3FD" baseAuthorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[827,971,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illyris" subSpecies="hamatus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="B9515004C66C1578ED423FD07ADAD3FD" box="[876,971,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131E9093C66C1578EDF53FD07D3DD3FD" box="[987,1068,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[214,1375,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[200,1388,181,1877]" captionText="FIGURES 15–18: holotype of Papilio illyris hamatus. 15. left valve (Vial 4698). 16. labels. 17. habitus: dorsal. 18. habitus: ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4742512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4742512/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="595">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) is clearly of the Central African form and together with the phenotypic similarity of the forewing and hindwing bands, the following synonymy is established:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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