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<document id="51CE2422C6EEB540165FBF0AA004A535" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2018.7.1.080" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13161412" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722548111388" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Torii, Takaaki, Akagi, Tomohiro, Uchino, Toru &amp; Kobayashi, Tohru" docDate="2018" docId="038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.7.1.80-91.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 7 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7733357" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Fridericia bulboides Nielsen and Christensen 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FFB3D176FFFEFFCBBF43FFF9FFBFFFB5" masterDocTitle="New descriptions of enchytraeid species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Korea" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="80" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1722568074911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3595674AB7DF31D1613749009057800F">New descriptions of enchytraeid species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61C1F5BE63D463B9D11D8511C5451318">Torii, Takaaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0F932F20021BDD35D2B32FF14EEE6F">Akagi, Tomohiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B053B7A0A78360F7C05D9BF32933D962">Uchino, Toru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A135EA96542821C68BEEF1D2AE7DCCD5">Kobayashi, Tohru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2B44BFBF6EE27ACA6A122E6FA4009A9F">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A5EC202A2BA0DEADE3DD8578A360A9FE">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFFBFFCEBC04FC03FA22FBA7" box="[839,1437,1018,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCEBC04FC03FA22FBA7" blockId="5.[839,1437,1018,1042]" box="[839,1437,1018,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0D4AF74FFFBFFCEBC04FC03FA22FBA7" bold="true" box="[839,1437,1018,1042]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC04FC03FA22FBA7" bold="true" box="[839,1437,1018,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
3.
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFFBFFCEBC21FC03FA22FBA7" ID-CoL="6JMZG" authority="Nielsen and Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[866,1437,1018,1042]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulboides">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC21FC03FBFEFBA7" bold="true" box="[866,1089,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Fridericia bulboides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBB04FC03FA22FBA7" author="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; B. Christensen" box="[1095,1437,1018,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref6901" refString="Nielsen, C. O. and B. Christensen. 1959. The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFFBFFCEBC21FBE3FC0CFB87" box="[866,947,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCEBC21FBE3FC0CFB87" blockId="5.[839,1444,1050,1268]" box="[866,947,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC21FBE3FC0CFB87" bold="true" box="[866,947,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
(
<figureCitation id="1318049DFFFBFFCEBC2AFBE3FC14FB87" box="[873,939,1050,1074]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" captionTargetId="figure-599@6.[297,1260,257,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FC5BFB41" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FA91FB06" blockId="5.[839,1444,1050,1268]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB333F36FFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FA91FB06" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<treatmentCitation id="0A823E09FFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FCC3FBC6" author="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; B. Christensen" page="75" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" year="1959">
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FCC3FBC6" ID-CoL="6JMZG" authority="Nielsen and Christensen, 1959: 72 - 75" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityPageNumber="72 - 75" authorityYear="1959" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulboides">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC04FBC3FB9BFBE7" box="[839,1060,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Fridericia bulboides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBB68FBC3FCC3FBC6" author="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; B. Christensen" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref6901" refString="Nielsen, C. O. and B. Christensen. 1959. The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959: 72- 75</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A823E09FFFBFFCEBCCBFBA2FB53FBC6" author="Dozsa-Farkas, K. &amp; Y. Hong" box="[904,1260,1115,1139]" page="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBCCBFBA2FB53FBC6" author="Dozsa-Farkas, K. &amp; Y. Hong" box="[904,1260,1115,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="29 - 56" refId="ref6675" refString="Dozsa-Farkas, K. and Y. Hong. 2010. Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychates (Annelida). Zootaxa 2406: 29 - 56." type="journal article" year="2010">Dózsa-Farkas &amp; Hong, 2010: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, Table 1;
<treatmentCitation id="0A823E09FFFBFFCEBA1BFBA2FAAFFB26" author="Dozsa-Farkas, K. &amp; T. Felfoldi &amp; Y. Hong" page="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBA1BFBA2FAAFFB26" author="Dozsa-Farkas, K. &amp; T. Felfoldi &amp; Y. Hong" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="171 - 197" refId="ref6789" refString="Dozsa-Farkas, K., T. Felfoldi and Y. Hong. 2015. New enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Korea. Zootaxa 4006: 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2015">Dózsa-Farkas, Felföldi and Hong, 2015: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, Table 1, for complete synonym assign:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBB3CFB62FA95FB06" author="Schmelz, R. M." box="[1151,1322,1179,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 415" refId="ref7178" refString="Schmelz, R. M. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge 38: 1 - 415." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmelz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCEBC04FB45FC5BFB41" blockId="5.[839,1444,1050,1268]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
New Korean name: Myohyang-cham-ae-jireongi (
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBA32FB39FC64FB41" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">MȒ ḂOiNjffiḍ</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFFBFFCEBC04FAE5FB21F983" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCEBC04FAE5FB21F983" blockId="5.[839,1444,1308,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC04FAE5FB8EFA81" bold="true" box="[839,1073,1308,1332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4B1245FFFBFFCEBB79FAE4FBE8FA20" collectingDate="2014-04-03" collectorName="Y. Hong" country="South Korea" elevation="17" latitude="35.76825" location="Dongjin-myeon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.72075" municipality="Buan-gun" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeonbuk">
<collectingCountry id="F3345888FFFBFFCEBB79FAE4FB3FFA81" box="[1082,1152,1309,1332]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E7D6FAFFFBFFCEBBCCFAE5FA9DFA81" box="[1167,1314,1308,1332]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonbuk" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Jeollabuk-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF88262FFFBFFCEBA73FAE4FA20FA80" box="[1328,1439,1309,1333]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Buan-gun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBC04FAC4FC4AFAE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946:8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBC04FAC4FC4AFAE0" box="[839,1013,1341,1365]" country="South Korea" latitude="35.76825" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.72075" municipality="Buan-gun" name="Dongjin-myeon" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Jeonbuk">Dongjin-myeon</location>
, soil in a rice paddy field of agronomical fields (
<geoCoordinate id="EE177EDFFFFBFFCEBC81FAA4FBE7FAC1" box="[962,1112,1372,1397]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" precision="1" seconds="05.7" value="35.76825">35°4605.7″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE177EDFFFFBFFCEBB2AFAA4FAB7FAC1" box="[1129,1288,1372,1397]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" precision="1" seconds="14.7" value="126.72075">126°4314.7″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="000EFF2BFFFBFFCEBA5AFAA4FAC4FAC0" box="[1305,1403,1373,1397]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="17.0">
<quantity id="4CDBB5FDFFFBFFCEBA5AFAA4FAF0FAC1" box="[1305,1359,1373,1397]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.),
<date id="FF9D3ED8FFFBFFCEBAD5FAA4FC01FA20" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="2014-04-03">
<collectingDate id="EFD9C730FFFBFFCEBAD5FAA4FC01FA20" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="2014-04-03">3 April 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D67DCEFFFBFFCEBC84FA87FBA0FA23" box="[967,1055,1406,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Y. Hong</collectorName>
coll.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4B1245FFFBFFCEBB21FA84FC1DFA43" collectingDate="1988-07-07" collectorName="Csuzdi" country="North Korea" county="Pyunganbuk-do" location="Hyangsan" municipality="Mt. Myohyang" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3345888FFFBFFCEBB21FA84FB54FA20" box="[1122,1259,1405,1429]" name="North Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">North Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62FD6094FFFBFFCEBBB6FA84FA1FFA20" box="[1269,1440,1405,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Pyunganbuk-do</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF88262FFFBFFCEBC04FA67FC52FA00" box="[839,1005,1437,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Mt. Myohyang</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBCB8FA67FBD8FA03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946:8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBCB8FA67FBD8FA03" box="[1019,1127,1438,1462]" country="North Korea" county="Pyunganbuk-do" municipality="Mt. Myohyang" name="Hyangsan" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Hyangsan</location>
at the branch of
<location id="8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBA6BFA64FCC4FA63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946:8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBA6BFA64FCC4FA63" country="North Korea" county="Pyunganbuk-do" municipality="Mt. Myohyang" name="Chongchon river" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Chongchon river</location>
, litter layers in deciduous forest,
<date id="FF9D3ED8FFFBFFCEBBA7FA47FAD9FA63" box="[1252,1382,1470,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="1988-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EFD9C730FFFBFFCEBBA7FA47FAD9FA63" box="[1252,1382,1470,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="1988-07-07">7 July 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D67DCEFFFBFFCEBA32FA47FCD7FA43" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Csuzdi</collectorName>
coll.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4B1245FFFBFFCEBCEDFA27FB21F983" collectingDate="1988-07-08" collectorName="Csuzdi" country="North Korea" county="Pyunganbuk-do" location="Isonnam" municipality="Mt. Myohyang" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3345888FFFBFFCEBCEDFA27FB87FA40" box="[942,1080,1502,1526]" name="North Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">North Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62FD6094FFFBFFCEBB07FA27FB4FFA43" box="[1092,1264,1502,1526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Pyunganbuk-do</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF88262FFFBFFCEBBBFFA27FA1FFA43" box="[1276,1440,1502,1526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Mt. Myohyang</collectingMunicipality>
, litter layers in deciduous forest,
<location id="8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBBEFFA06FAB7F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AA90EFFFBFFCDBC04FC03FD53F946:8EFC4EC3FFFBFFCEBBEFFA06FAB7F9A3" box="[1196,1288,1535,1558]" country="North Korea" county="Pyunganbuk-do" municipality="Mt. Myohyang" name="Isonnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Isonnam</location>
near to a waterfall,
<date id="FF9D3ED8FFFBFFCEBCD7F9E6FBACF982" box="[916,1043,1566,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="1988-07-08">
<collectingDate id="EFD9C730FFFBFFCEBCD7F9E6FBACF982" box="[916,1043,1566,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" value="1988-07-08">8 July 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D67DCEFFFBFFCEBB5DF9E7FBD7F983" box="[1054,1128,1566,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Csuzdi</collectorName>
coll.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFFBFFCDBC04F9C6FD80FB7B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFFBFFCDBC04F9C6FD80FB7B" blockId="5.[839,1444,1308,1978]" lastBlockId="6.[144,749,948,1682]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFFBFFCEBC04F9C6FC00F9E2" bold="true" box="[839,959,1599,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
White worms, 5-9 (12) mm long,
<quantity id="4CDBB5FDFFFBFFCEBA07F9C6FA1BF9E3" box="[1348,1444,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
wide with 29-38 segments, chaetae straight and distinctly hooked entally, maximum length ca. 40-50 μm preclitellarly, 60-75 μm postclitellarly, inner chaetae in a bundle shorter than outer chaetae, formula: (1,3)4-4,2: 4,(5)-4,2. Clitellum girdle-shaped, cells mostly reticulate. Oesophageal appendage unbranched very long, much coiled in IV-V, extending to VII (
<typeStatus id="5498A6BAFFFBFFCEBBAAF8D8FAA7F88C" box="[1257,1304,1825,1849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
b) (
<figureCitation id="1318049DFFFBFFCEBA00F8D8FA2BF88C" box="[1347,1428,1824,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" captionTargetId="figure-599@6.[297,1260,257,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Five pairs of preclitellar nephridia from 6/7 to 10/11. Coelomo-mucocytes (
<figureCitation id="1318049DFFFBFFCEBB72F898FB3EF8CC" box="[1073,1153,1889,1913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" captionTargetId="figure-599@6.[297,1260,257,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) with hyaline matrix at periphery refractile vesicles,
<typeStatus id="5498A6BAFFFBFFCEBB2CF87BFB22F82F" box="[1135,1181,1922,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
b (according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFFBFFCEBA16F878FC3EF80F" author="Moller, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="85" pagination="131 - 167" refId="ref6871" refString="Moller, F. 1971. Systematische Untersuchungen an terricolen Enchytraeiden einiger Grunlandstandorte im Bezirk Podsdam. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 47: 131 - 167." type="journal article" year="1971">Möller, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Chylus cells between XI-XV, occupying 2 segments. Dorsal blood vessel originating in XIII-XVII, blood colorless. Seminal vesicle absent or small. Sperm funnels (
<figureCitation id="1318049DFFF8FFCDBFB3FC0DFEF9FBB9" box="[240,326,1012,1036]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" captionTargetId="figure-599@6.[297,1260,257,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) about 1.5-2 times longer than wide, bursal slits longitudinal. Male copulatory organ small, often flat. Subneural glands absent. Spermathecal ectal glands globular and sessile, ectal duct long, ampullae onion-shaped without diverticula. Typically proximal ducts of spermathaecae fused at entrance into oesophagus (
<figureCitation id="1318049DFFF8FFCDBF81FB4FFEA9FB7B" box="[194,278,1206,1230]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" captionTargetId="figure-599@6.[297,1260,257,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). 1-
<specimenCount id="9D25D391FFF8FFCDBE7EFB4FFE3AFB7B" box="[317,389,1206,1230]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" type="egg">2 eggs</specimenCount>
mature at a time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5C4890FFF8FFCDBFD3FCA1FA8EFCD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13161430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13161430" box="[144,1329,855,878]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13161430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" startId="6.[144,177,856,878]" targetBox="[299,1251,262,819]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFF8FFCDBFD3FCA1FA8EFCD8" blockId="6.[144,1329,855,878]" box="[144,1329,855,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBFD3FCA1FF73FCD8" bold="true" box="[144,204,856,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBF92FCAEFE33FCD9" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[209,396,855,876]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulboides">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBF92FCAEFE33FCD9" box="[209,396,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fridericia bulboides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3394B93FFF8FFCDBFD3FB2FFD53F946" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFF8FFCDBFD3FB2FFF6AFA65" blockId="6.[144,749,948,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBFD3FB2FFEBEFB5B" bold="true" box="[144,257,1238,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBE19FB2FFD23FB5B" authority="Michaelsen, 1889" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1889" box="[346,668,1238,1262]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBE19FB2FFE74FB5B" box="[346,459,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fridericia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFF8FFCDBE96FB2FFD23FB5B" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[469,668,1238,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref6842" refString="Michaelsen, W. 1889. Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abbhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg 11: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Michaelsen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is currently composed of more than 100 valid species.
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBDE5FB0EFF69FA9A" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulboides">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBDE5FB0EFF69FA9A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">F. bulboides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other small
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBEADFAEEFD0BFA9A" box="[494,692,1303,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBEADFAEEFDE2FA9A" box="[494,605,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fridericia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with onion-shaped spermathecal ampullae fused one common opening into oesophagus, 4 chaetae in preclitellar bundles,
<typeStatus id="5498A6BAFFF8FFCDBF8EFA81FF42FA25" box="[205,253,1400,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
b coelomo-mucocytes, and characteristic b
<typeStatus id="5498A6BAFFF8FFCDBFD3FA61FF01FA05" box="[144,190,1432,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
oesophageal appendages (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFF8FFCDBEA1FA61FF75FA65" author="Cech, G. &amp; K. Dozsa-Farkas" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="99 - 118" refId="ref6557" refString="Cech, G. and K. Dozsa-Farkas. 2005. Identification of Fridericia schmelzi sp. n. combining morphological characters and PCR-RFLP analysis. In: V. Pop and A. Pop (eds.): Advances in Earthworm Taxonomy II (Annelida: Oligochaeta) Cluj University Press 99 - 118." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cech and Dózsa-Farkas, 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFF8FFCDBFD3FA21FD6CF9C7" blockId="6.[144,749,948,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBFD3FA21FE09FA45" bold="true" box="[144,438,1496,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBEFCFA21FD1EFA45" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[447,673,1496,1520]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulboides">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBEFCFA21FD1EFA45" box="[447,673,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Fridericia bulboides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most common species in soil with, a cosmopolitan distribution. Found in limy to sandy, dry and moist, nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor soils. Also found in aquatic, salt marshes, and freshwater habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB265E9FFF8FFCDBD60F9A0FD77F9C7" author="Schmelz, R. M." box="[547,712,1625,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 415" refId="ref7178" refString="Schmelz, R. M. 2003. Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge 38: 1 - 415." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmelz, 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFF8FFCDBFD3F983FE40F924" blockId="6.[144,749,948,1682]" box="[144,511,1657,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBFD3F983FEAFF927" bold="true" box="[144,272,1658,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Deposition.</emphasis>
NIBRIV0000544612.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C1818FFF8FFCDBFE5F943FD53F946" blockId="6.[144,748,1722,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C23639BFFF8FFCDBFB2F943FD63F967" authority="Nielsen and Christensen, 1949" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1949" box="[241,732,1722,1746]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Hemifridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBFB2F943FE2FF967" box="[241,400,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">Hemifridericia</emphasis>
Nielsen and Christensen, 1949
</taxonomicName>
New Korean name: Aegi-ae-jireongi-sok (
<emphasis id="B957C40AFFF8FFCDBD7BF927FD5BF947" bold="true" box="[568,740,1758,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="86">OinjOiNjffiḍẃ</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>