262 lines
38 KiB
XML
262 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A509440F23012D4244FC3686AFA318EA">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3487A2E950D0888FA547B19759353E97">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="68B72F317DB1FCF913FFAA3B7AC0B245">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0925712A612D79C31E7D602A1D1DFA71">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038A4612FF99FFD1BEDEF9E250D1FB4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485094" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143618739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF99FFD1BEDEF9E250D1FB4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A4612FF99FFD1BEDEF9E250D1FB4C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF99FFD4BEDEF9E2534AF9D9" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF9E2500AF9FF" blockId="17.[151,628,1601,1661]" box="[151,628,1601,1627]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<heading id="D0D44068FF99FFD4BEDEF9E2500AF9FF" bold="true" box="[151,628,1601,1627]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF99FFD4BEDEF9E2500AF9FF" ID-CoL="5ZGMK" authority="(Hartmeyer 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Hartmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,628,1601,1627]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF99FFD4BEDEF9E2500AF9FF" bold="true" box="[151,628,1601,1627]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF99FFD4BEDEF9E253F3F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,397,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Cnemidocarpa irene</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF99FFD4BFD4F9E25012F9FF" box="[413,620,1601,1627]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" refId="ref8111" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1906) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Ascidienfauna. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 31 (1), 1 - 32." type="journal article">Hartmeyer 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF9C7534AF9D9" blockId="17.[151,628,1601,1661]" box="[151,308,1636,1661]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF99FFD4BEDEF9C7534AF9D9" box="[151,308,1636,1661]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE18" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." captionText-2="FIGURE18. Cnemidocarpa irene A, threespecimens informalin, scalebars = 1cm; B,detail ofthe gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Figs 16-17-18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF99FFD4BEDEF90F56F3F898" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF90F53C3F966" blockId="17.[151,1436,1708,1852]" box="[151,445,1708,1730]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF99FFD4BEDEF90F53C3F966" ID-CoL="5388Z" authority="Hartmeyer, 1906" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,445,1708,1730]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF99FFD4BEDEF90F5373F966" box="[151,269,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Styela irene</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF99FFD4BF5DF90E53C3F966" box="[276,445,1708,1730]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" refId="ref8111" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1906) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Ascidienfauna. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 31 (1), 1 - 32." type="journal article">Hartmeyer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF96951AFF944" blockId="17.[151,1436,1708,1852]" box="[151,977,1738,1760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF99FFD4BEDEF9695038F944" ID-CoL="WGSV" authority=": Monniot C. 1983" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1983" box="[151,582,1738,1760]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolata">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF99FFD4BEDEF96953F7F944" box="[151,393,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Cnemidocarpa areolata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF99FFD4BFDFF9695038F944" box="[406,582,1738,1760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF99FFD4BC19F969514FF944" box="[592,817,1738,1760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" refId="ref8740" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1984) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VII; Especes nouvelles et complementaires a l'inventaire. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, 6, Section A, No. 3, 567 - 582." type="journal article">Monniot C. & F. 1984</bibRefCitation>
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and synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF94A50CAF95B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1708,1852]" box="[151,692,1769,1791]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF99FFD4BEDEF94A5064F95B" ID-CoL="5ZGMK" authority=": Nishikawa 1991" authorityName=": Nishikawa" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,538,1769,1791]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF99FFD4BEDEF94A5319F95B" box="[151,359,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Cnemidocarpa irene</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF99FFD4BF3DF94A5064F95B" box="[372,538,1769,1791]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" refId="ref9147" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The Ascidians of the Japan Sea II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176172" type="journal article">Nishikawa 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and synonymy
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF8AB56F3F898" blockId="17.[151,1436,1708,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4BFD59FF99FFD4BEDEF8AB56F3F898" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838187568" collectionCode="MNHN" country="American Samoa" location="Stations" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CNE 239-240" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EFCA1DFFF99FFD4BEDEF8AB5292F8BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF99FFD1BEDEF9E250D1FB4C:8EFCA1DFFF99FFD4BEDEF8AB5292F8BA" box="[151,236,1800,1822]" country="American Samoa" name="Stations" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Stations</location>
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: AB: 102, 123, 150, 155, 157, 159, 163, 169, 173, 181, 183, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 350, 353. AD: 111, 150, 208. AM: 0 6, 20. AR: 72, 89, 101, 103, 107, 110, 170, 182, 353.
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF99FFD4BD6EF8855135F898" box="[807,843,1830,1852]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">AS</collectingCountry>
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: 66. (
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<collectionCode id="ED326FC1FF99FFD4BDC8F88551AEF898" box="[897,976,1830,1852]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">MNHN</collectionCode>
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S1
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<specimenCode id="DB855F7FFF99FFD4BDB1F88556F8F898" box="[1016,1158,1830,1852]" collectionCode="CNE" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14697" name="Victoria Jubilee Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">CNE 239-240</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF99FFD1BEDEF8CA566DFC6C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF99FFD4BEDEF8CA57F7F84A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1897,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">
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The size of the numerous specimens collected varies from
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<quantity id="4CDB5AE1FF99FFD4BD66F8CA5121F825" box="[815,863,1897,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="2.0">2cm</quantity>
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to
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<quantity id="4CDB5AE1FF99FFD4BDCDF8CA51CAF826" box="[900,948,1897,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
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but most of them measure
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<quantity id="4CDB5AE1FF99FFD4BAA3F8CA5700F825" box="[1258,1406,1897,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5 to 3.5 cm</quantity>
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in length. Their aspect varies depending on the presence of epibionts and on a more or less dark colour but the tunic is always corrugated with bumps and deep ridges (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF99FFD4BCF2F8125163F86E" box="[699,797,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE18. Cnemidocarpa irene A, threespecimens informalin, scalebars = 1cm; B,detail ofthe gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="308">Fig.18A</figureCitation>
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). The siphons are sessile, more or less distant from each other. The tunic is thick, cartilaginous and internally white. The body is attached by its left or posterior side.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5CA78CFF9AFFD7BEDEFC4E577CFBA7" box="[151,1282,1005,1028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" startId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9AFFD7BEDEFC4E577CFBA7" blockId="18.[151,1282,1005,1028]" box="[151,1282,1005,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9AFFD7BEDEFC4E5361FBA7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1005,1027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9AFFD7BF65FC4E5382FBA0" authorityName=": Nishikawa" authorityYear="1991" box="[300,508,1005,1028]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9AFFD7BF65FC4E5382FBA0" box="[300,508,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Cnemidocarpa irene</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac. Scale bars = 1cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF5CA78CFF9AFFD7BEDEF8D05725F82D" box="[151,1371,1907,1929]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" startId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" targetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9AFFD7BEDEF8D05725F82D" blockId="18.[151,1371,1907,1929]" box="[151,1371,1907,1929]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9AFFD7BEDEF8D05361F82C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1907,1929]" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9AFFD7BF65F8D05382F82D" authorityName=": Nishikawa" authorityYear="1991" box="[300,508,1907,1929]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9AFFD7BF65F8D05382F82D" box="[300,508,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="309">Cnemidocarpa irene</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained. Scale bars =1cm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="DF5CA78CFF9BFFD6BEDEF94453D8F8B8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310" startId="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1746]" targetPageId="19">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9BFFD6BEDEF94453D8F8B8" blockId="19.[151,1436,1767,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9BFFD6BEDEF9445361F958" bold="true" box="[151,287,1767,1789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9BFFD6BF62F9445384F959" authorityName=": Nishikawa" authorityYear="1991" box="[299,506,1767,1789]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9BFFD6BF62F9445384F959" box="[299,506,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">Cnemidocarpa irene</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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A, three specimens in formalin, scale bars = 1cm; B, detail of the gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9BFFD1BEDEF8EB528EFEB9" blockId="19.[151,1436,1864,2033]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">
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Removed from the tunic the siphons are black and the body wall dark brown (in formalin) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BAE7F8EB5771F8C5" box="[1198,1295,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">Fig 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
) except in a few paler specimens. There is a large velum lining both siphons; the oral tentacles are dark brown, not numerous, 20 of them counted in a medium size specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BCFAF833516AF80D" box="[691,788,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">Fig.17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pharyngeal band is double. There are no papillae on the prepharyngeal space. The dorsal tubercle is U-shaped with generally one horn curved externally. The dorsal lamina is flat and low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BFD4F87B5076F855" box="[413,520,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">Figs 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BC5DF87A5038F855" box="[532,582,2009,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The 4 folds on each side are high but do not overlap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BAF2F87B5758F855" box="[1211,1318,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">Figs 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9BFFD6BB7BF87A571AF855" box="[1330,1380,2009,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="310">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
); the branchial tissue is brown and sometimes very dark. The longitudinal vessels of each fold converge and unite without papillae at the oesophagus level. It is difficult to exactly determine whether a longitudinal vessel belongs to a fold or not as they are spaced at the base of the folds. An example of a branchial formula in a specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB5AE1FF9CFFD1BB1EFF7C57E2FF5C" box="[1367,1436,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5cm</quantity>
|
||
large is:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFE8B5677FE9B" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,1033,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">R- E- 9 (12) 8 (13) 8 (11) 8 (9) 5 - DL - 7 (10) 9 (14)7 (13) 8 (13) 6 –E- L</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFECC56DFFE23" blockId="20.[151,1437,367,1256]" box="[199,1185,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">There are 7 to 9 stigmata in a mesh between the folds, parastigmatic vessels are present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFE375074FD69" blockId="20.[151,1437,367,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The body wall is generally very dark and the muscular design is often difficult to see except in paler specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BED6FE14537FFE74" box="[159,257,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig.16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muscular longitudinal bundles well spaced extend from each siphon to the body sides where they divide in a span; they are crossed by a dense network of thin transverse muscular fibres. The digestive tract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BB65FE7F57E6FE51" box="[1324,1432,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Figs 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BEDEFDA352B8FDBC" box="[151,198,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
) occupies half of the left body side and is tightly attached to the body wall until the extremity of the rectum. The anus ends with numerous petal-like lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BCEDFD875174FD98" box="[676,778,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE18. Cnemidocarpa irene A, threespecimens informalin, scalebars = 1cm; B,detail ofthe gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stomach with 18 to 20 longitudinal folds is short, not distinctly separated from the intestine it has no caecum. Numerous foliated endocarps are placed around the first gut loop but also along the internal side of the loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BC97FDCF513BFD21" box="[734,837,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BD19FDCF51FDFD20" box="[848,899,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the remainder of the body wall the number of endocarps is very variable, either one or 2 between each gonad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BDE7FD2C5669FD0C" box="[942,1047,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
) or several endocarps around the gonads and elsewhere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BFD5FD175383FD69" box="[412,509,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig.17A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFD7453E6FC01" blockId="20.[151,1437,367,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The number of gonads varies and does not depend on the specimen size. They are from 2 to 6 on the right side and 1 to 4 on the left side. Each gonad is a long tubular ovary with numerous testis vesicles on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BB78FD5F57E6FCB1" box="[1329,1432,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BEDEFC8352B4FC9C" box="[151,202,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[165,1402,1091,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1077,1885]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Cnemidocarpa irene station AD 150. A, dissection not stained; B, branchial sac stained.Scale bars =1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221614/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
); some of them are bifurcated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BC7AFCBC50E3FC9C" box="[563,669,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,981]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Cnemidocarpa irene station AS 66 not stained. A, dissection; B, branchial sac.Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221612/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sperm ducts unite in a single duct at the surface of the ovary ending in a short tube. The male papilla can be simple but in the majority of the specimens its extremity is divided in 2 or several lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BFDDFCC45382FC24" box="[404,508,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE18. Cnemidocarpa irene A, threespecimens informalin, scalebars = 1cm; B,detail ofthe gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oviduct is short with a fringed aperture situated against the body wall and under the male papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFC13566DFC6C" blockId="20.[151,1437,367,1256]" box="[199,1043,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
A ring of thread-like tentacles lies at the base of the atrial velum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF9CFFD1BDEEFC0C5679FC6C" box="[935,1031,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE18. Cnemidocarpa irene A, threespecimens informalin, scalebars = 1cm; B,detail ofthe gonoducts, anus and atrial aperture, scale bar = 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221616/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Fig.18B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF9CFFD1BE8EFC7750D1FB4C" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF9CFFD1BE8EFC7750D1FB4C" blockId="20.[151,1437,367,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BE8EFC77535DFC48" ID-CoL="5ZGMK" authorityName=": Nishikawa" authorityYear="1991" box="[199,291,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BE8EFC77535DFC48" box="[199,291,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">C. irene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BFF7FC77501BFC48" ID-CoL="7NT6Q" box="[446,613,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BFF7FC77501BFC48" box="[446,613,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Cnemidocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species known in the Caribbean area. Its taxonomic status has changed several times. It was described and figured from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF9CFFD1BCFFFC545143FBB4" box="[694,829,1015,1040]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF9CFFD1BCFFFC545143FBB4" box="[694,829,1015,1040]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF9CFFD1BD3BFC545190FBB4" box="[882,1006,1015,1040]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF9CFFD1BD3BFC545190FBB4" box="[882,1006,1015,1040]" name="Martinique" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BA51FC5B5694FBB4" box="[1048,1258,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">C. Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BEDEFBBF5035FB90" ID-CoL="WGSV" authority="(Heller, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[151,587,1052,1077]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BEDEFBBF53DDFB90" box="[151,419,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Cnemidocarpa areolata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BFFBFBBF503DFB90" box="[434,579,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8173" refString="Heller, C. (1878) Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. Denkschriften der kais. a Akademie der Wissenschaften, 34, 83 - 110." type="journal article">Heller, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After examination of Heller’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="549849A6FF9CFFD1BDE2FBBE51A5FB91" box="[939,987,1053,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BDAAFBBF5765FB90" box="[995,1307,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8740" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1984) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VII; Especes nouvelles et complementaires a l'inventaire. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, 6, Section A, No. 3, 567 - 582." type="journal article">Monniot & Monniot (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the Caribbean material as different from Heller’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="549849A6FF9CFFD1BC83FBE35084FBFC" box="[714,762,1088,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but identical to the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BA14FBE357E2FBFC" ID-CoL="WGW2" authority="Hartmeyer, 1919" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1919" box="[1117,1436,1088,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valborg">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BA14FBE356ABFBFC" box="[1117,1237,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">C. valborg</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BA97FBE357E2FBFC" box="[1246,1436,1088,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8138" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1919) Results of Dr. E Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13 XXV Ascidien. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 60, 3 - 150." type="journal article">Hartmeyer, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some other synonyms.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BF80FBC750EDFBD8" box="[457,659,1124,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref9147" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The Ascidians of the Japan Sea II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176172" type="journal article">Nishikawa (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549849A6FF9CFFD1BD71FBC65116FBD9" box="[824,872,1125,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BDC7FBC756C6FBD9" ID-CoL="5ZGMK" authority="(Hartmeyer 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Hartmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[910,1208,1124,1149]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BDC7FBC75199FBD8" box="[910,999,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">C. irene</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BDBFFBC756CEFBD9" box="[1014,1200,1124,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8111" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1906) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Ascidienfauna. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 31 (1), 1 - 32." type="journal article">Hartmeyer 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found it similar to material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF9CFFD1BF1AFB2A53EDFB04" box="[339,403,1161,1184]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other Pacific regions and established a synonymy with the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF9CFFD1BA12FB2A56ECFB04" box="[1115,1170,1161,1184]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Indies species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF9CFFD1BB0AFB2B57E2FB3B" ID-CoL="5ZGMK" baseAuthorityName="Hartmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1347,1436,1160,1183]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BB0AFB2B57E2FB3B" box="[1347,1436,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">C. irene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been more recently recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF9CFFD1BC34FB0F517FFB61" box="[637,769,1196,1221]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF9CFFD1BC34FB0F50C6FB61" box="[637,696,1196,1221]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Cabo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Verde
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF9CFFD1BD2FFB0F5674FB60" box="[870,1034,1196,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="311" refId="ref8826" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1994) Addition to the inventory of eastern tropical Atlantic ascidians; arrival of cosmopolitan species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54 (1), 71 - 93." type="journal article">Monniot 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it is common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF9CFFD1BB49FB0F573AFB61" box="[1280,1348,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rocha
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF9CFFD1BEDEFB7252B1FB4C" box="[151,207,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012). It is obviously an invading species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |