treatments-xml/data/03/8A/35/038A3565BC0F176EFCB90F1BDD65CF45.xml

<document id="20E48D2838A7917F5D276C36AD9B617C" ID-CLB-Dataset="20463" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2016v712a10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a90e897b-d6db-4a44-bc59-3fa9ece479d2" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5721713" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637687381177" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Callmander, Martin W. &amp; Buerki, Sven" docDate="2016" docId="038A3565BC0F176EFCB90F1BDD65CF45" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.71.2.257-263.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 71 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Benstonea serpentinica Callm. &amp; Buerki 2016, spec. nova" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="FFB34D1DBC0D176AFF820E01DC58C844" masterDocTitle="Two new threatened species of Benstonea Callm. &amp; Buerki (Pandanaceae) from Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia)" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1699469569050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5EDD864A64248DA9995F4B224F91953B">Two new threatened species of Benstonea Callm. &amp; Buerki (Pandanaceae) from Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5004CAF6CE936262DB22C2D941833910">Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9D9AFF117081989B24B41D337751D70">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, C. P. 60, 1292 Chambésy, Genève, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="21325581CD0502E734C3C3E97BFC2BC4" type="email">martin.callmander@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ABB8348C1670979F62F4C30C86A546DF">Buerki, Sven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CFD3E3E341F29DAA176404DB74898DD5">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1584FAFA02F5BD93FECAEBD979989379">Candollea</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="217CC9EBCEE3F9359773CC43DB76B045">2016</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC0F1768FCB90F1BD9E6C976" box="[827,1470,282,306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0F1768FCB90F1BD9E6C976" blockId="2.[827,1470,282,306]" box="[827,1470,282,306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="D0D4331FBC0F1768FCB90F1BD9E6C976" box="[827,1470,282,306]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC0F1768FCB90F1BD8BDC976" ID-CoL="8WRPF" authority="Callm. &amp; Buerki" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Buerki" authorityYear="2016" box="[827,1253,282,306]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCB90F1BD873C976" bold="true" box="[827,1067,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Benstonea serpentinica</emphasis>
Callm. &amp; Buerki
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FB6D0F1BD93AC976" bold="true" box="[1263,1378,282,306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264E51ABC0F1768FB6D0F1BD93AC976" box="[1263,1378,282,306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" rank="species">spec. nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131898F6BC0F1768FAF20F1BD9E8C976" box="[1392,1456,282,306]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[116,143,1928,1947]" captionTargetBox="[116,1454,279,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[783,1455,997,1474]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Benstonea serpentinica Callm. &amp; Buerki. A. Habit; B-C. Infructescences;D. Syncarp;E. Close up of styles and stigmas. [A-B: Buerki et al. 342; C-D: Callmander et al. 1187] [Photos: M. Callmander]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5721722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5721722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC0F1768FCE30F47D900C985" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0F1768FCE30F47D900C985" blockId="2.[865,1477,325,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCE30F47DFF6C91A" bold="true" box="[865,942,326,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Typus:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4B8E2EBC0F1768FC310F47DFAFC985" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499009302" collectingDate="2014-10-03" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Callmander &amp; Buerki &amp; Jumian" country="Malaysia" elevation="365" latitude="4.970556" location="Gunung Silam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="118.17889" municipality="Lahad Datu Distr" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" specimenCode="G00341664" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FC310F47D963C919" bold="true" box="[947,1339,325,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<collectingCountry id="F334C4E3BC0F1768FC310F47D87EC91A" box="[947,1062,326,350]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
[BORNEO]. State 
<collectingRegion id="49E74A91BC0F1768FB6D0F44D96EC919" box="[1263,1334,325,349]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Sabah</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF81E09BC0F1768FAC30F47DFC6C93B" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Lahad Datu Distr</collectingMunicipality>
., 
<location id="8EFCD2A8BC0F1768FC2D0F66D80EC93B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A3565BC0F176EFCB90F1BDD65CF45:8EFCD2A8BC0F1768FC2D0F66D80EC93B" box="[943,1110,359,383]" country="Malaysia" latitude="4.970556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="118.17889" municipality="Lahad Datu Distr" name="Gunung Silam" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" stateProvince="Sabah">Gunung Silam</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE17E2B4BC0F1768FBE10F66D88FC93B" box="[1123,1239,359,383]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="14" value="4.970556">4°58’14”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE17E2B4BC0F1768FB5D0F66D933C93B" box="[1247,1387,359,383]" degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="44" value="118.17889">118°10’44”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CDB2996BC0F1768FAFB0F66D999C93A" box="[1401,1473,359,383]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="365.0">
<elevation id="000E6340BC0F1768FAFB0F66D999C93A" box="[1401,1473,359,383]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF9DA2B3BC0F1768FCE30F89DF9FC9E4" box="[865,967,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" value="2014-10-03">
<collectingDate id="EFD95B5BBC0F1768FCE30F89DF9FC9E4" box="[865,967,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" value="2014-10-03">3.X.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FC570F89D90BC9E4" box="[981,1363,392,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<collectorName id="26D6E1A5BC0F1768FC570F89D809C9E4" box="[981,1105,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Callmander</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26D6E1A5BC0F1768FBDF0F89D8FAC9E4" box="[1117,1186,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Buerki</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26D6E1A5BC0F1768FB4A0F88D94DC9E4" box="[1224,1301,393,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Jumian</collectorName>
1187
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54983AD1BC0F1768FAE10F89D9FBC9E4" box="[1379,1443,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">holo-</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC0F1768FA320F89D99DC9E4" box="[1456,1477,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="DB852C08BC0F1768FCE50FA8DFA9C985" box="[871,1009,425,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">G00341664</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
!; 
<materialsCitation id="3B4B8E2EBC0F1768FB860FA8D910C985" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499009305" box="[1028,1352,425,449]" collectingDate="2014-10-03" collectionCode="BM, MO, SING, SAN" collectorName="Callmander &amp; Buerki &amp; Jumian" country="Malaysia" elevation="365" latitude="4.970556" location="Gunung Silam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="118.17889" municipality="Lahad Datu Distr" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54983AD1BC0F1768FB860FA8D876C985" box="[1028,1070,425,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="isotype">iso-</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC0F1768FBBA0FA8D83FC985" box="[1080,1127,425,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">BM</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC0F1768FBF70FA8D8F0C985" box="[1141,1192,425,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">MO</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC0F1768FB340FA8D8A4C985" box="[1206,1276,425,449]" collectionName="SING" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">SING</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC0F1768FA890FA8D910C985" box="[1291,1352,425,449]" collectionName="SAN" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">SAN</collectionCode>
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!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC0F1768FCE30FD7D964CEF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0F1768FCE30FD7D80DCA35" blockId="2.[865,1478,469,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCE30FD7D80DCA35" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC0F1768FCE30FD7D94EC9A9" authority="Callm. &amp; Buerki" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Buerki" box="[865,1302,469,493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica">Benstonea serpentinica Callm. &amp; Buerki</taxonomicName>
is distinguished among the genus by its lateral infructescence, its peduncle covered with prophylls at base, its pileus peeling at maturity, its short stout style (2-3 mm), and the pale green fruit colour of its syncarp when ripe.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0F1768FCE30C9AD964CEF1" blockId="2.[827,1479,667,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCE30C9ADFFFCAF7" box="[865,935,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Treelet</emphasis>
to 5-8 m tall, 10 cm dbh, with wide cones of proproots at the base. Each clump of leaves with several lateral erect infructescences. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FBB50CDFD827CAB1" box="[1079,1151,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Leaves</emphasis>
300-400 cm long, 5-5.5 cm wide in the middle, 6-6.5 cm wide near the sheath, gradually attenuate in the upper part, flagellate (flagellum 22- 25 cm long), coriaceous; prickles white 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FB530D43D946CB1D" box="[1233,1310,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">in vivo;</emphasis>
marginal prickles beginning at 10-12 cm above the base and extending to the apex, antrorse (rarely retrorse in the lower 1/3), 2.5-3 mm in the lower third, (3-)4-6(-7) mm apart, strong, to c. 2 mm in the mid third; (3-)4-8(-10) mm apart, to &lt;1 mm in the distal third, 3-6 mm apart; midrib armed at 10-15 cm above base, prickles strong in the lower part, c. 5 mm long, getting smaller through the apex, c. &lt;1 mm long in the apical part; ventral pleats armed at the distal part of the leaf, prickles discrete, c. &lt;1 mm long, irregularly spaced; sheath 8-10 cm long, c. 7 cm wide at apex c. 10-12 cm large at base. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FB140A8DD942CCE0" box="[1174,1306,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Infructescence</emphasis>
lateral, with 7-9 syncarps pending at maturity; syncarp 5-7 x 6-8 cm, ovoid, compressed dorso-ventrally, the distal syncarps globose and smaller (not compressed); peduncle curved (rarely straight), 20-25 cm long, 1.3-1.5 cm wide at apex, slightly flattened, veins and bracts scars visible, covered with several prophylls at base; the latter 2-4 × 14-20(-26) cm long, coriaceous, attached at the base of the peduncule. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FC300B75DFA2CDCF" box="[946,1018,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Drupes</emphasis>
&gt;300 per syncarp, 15-20 mm high, 4-5 mm wide, 2-4 mm in depth, 5-angled; pileus pyramidal, pale green 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCB90BB7DFDFCD89" box="[827,903,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">in vivo,</emphasis>
3 mm high (excluding style), covered with a white waxy surface, remaining attached and peeling at maturity, revealing the connate part of the drupes. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FBE20BF9D8C8CE54" box="[1120,1168,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Style</emphasis>
unique, brown 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FAB50BF9D9DDCE4B" box="[1335,1413,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">in vivo,</emphasis>
stout, straight, shortly acuminate, slightly curved at apex, 2-3 mm long; stigmatic groove linear, positioned on abaxial side; endocarp c. 5 mm long, walls c. 0.2 mm thick; seed locule elliptic, 2-3 × 3-3.5 mm; apical mesocarp chamber large, ovoid, c. 5.5 mm long; lower mesocarp fibrous. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FBB3089FD896CEF1" box="[1073,1230,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Staminate plant</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC0F1768FCE308DED9FBCFD9" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0F1768FCE308DED9FBCFD9" blockId="2.[827,1478,1759,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0F1768FCE308DEDF8FCEB3" box="[865,983,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">Etymology.</emphasis>
– The species epithet refers to the ultramafic rocks of Mt. Silam where the species was collected and is confined. Serpentine outcrops cover c. 3,500 km 
<superScript id="7C56293BBC0F1768FA890920D94BCF6B" attach="left" box="[1291,1299,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="259">2</superScript>
across the Sabah state (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2F982BC0F1768FCFF0942D839CF1F" author="PROCTOR" box="[893,1121,1858,1883]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="PROCTOR" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" pagination="320 - 340" refId="ref3991" refString="PROCTOR, J. Y. F. LEE, A. M. LANGLEY, W. R. C. MUNRO &amp; T. NELSON (1988). Ecological Studies on Gunung Silam, A Small Ultrabasic Mountain in Sabah, Malaysia. I. Environment, Forest Structure and Floristics. J. Ecol. 76: 320 - 340." type="journal article" year="1988">PROCTOR et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
). These patches of ultrabasic rock are home to several endemic species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2F982BC0F1768FB710965D99DCF38" author="VAN DER ENT" box="[1267,1477,1892,1916]" firstAuthor="VAN DER ENT" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" refId="ref4255" refString="VAN DER ENT, A., R. REPIN, J. SUGAU &amp; K. M. WONG (2014). The Ultramafic Flora of Sabah. An introduction to the plant diversity on ultramafic soils. Sabah Parks &amp; Natural History Pulications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu." type="book" year="2014">VAN DER ENT, 2014</bibRefCitation>
for more details on the plant taxa and their distributions).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5CD4FBBC0E1769FFF60945DE48CF34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5721720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5721720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5721720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" startId="3.[116,143,1860,1879]" targetBox="[116,1454,279,1814]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC0E1769FFF60945DE48CF34" blockId="3.[116,1046,1860,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FFF60945DCECCF13" bold="true" box="[116,180,1860,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Fig. 2. –</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC0E1769FF3A0945DE64CF13" authority="Callm. &amp; Buerki. A. Habit" box="[184,572,1860,1879]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fortuita">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FF3A0945DD06CF13" box="[184,350,1860,1879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Benstonea fortuita</emphasis>
Callm. &amp; Buerki. 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FE710945DE5ECF13" bold="true" box="[499,518,1860,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">A.</emphasis>
Habit
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FDC60945DE0ECF13" bold="true" box="[580,598,1860,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">B.</emphasis>
Infructescence; 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FD6B0945DEA4CF13" bold="true" box="[745,764,1860,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">C.</emphasis>
Close up of styles and stigmas. [
<emphasis id="B9575861BC0E1769FFF8095CDD69CF34" box="[122,305,1885,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="260">Callmander et al.1197</emphasis>
] [Photos: M. Callmander]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5CD4FBBC09176EFF090F1FDF4CC902" ID-Table-UUID="DF5CD4FBBC09176EFF090F1FDF4CC902" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CD4FBBC09176EFF090F1FDF4CC902" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" startId="4.[139,191,286,305]" targetBox="[147,1473,363,702]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF090F1FDF4CC902" blockId="4.[139,1270,286,326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF090F1FDCBFC975" bold="true" box="[139,231,286,305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Table 1. –</emphasis>
Key morphological differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFDDE0F1FDFCDC975" authority="Callm &amp; Buerki" authorityName="Callm &amp; Buerki" box="[604,917,286,305]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fortuita">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFDDE0F1FDF5FC975" box="[604,775,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Benstonea fortuita</emphasis>
Callm &amp; Buerki
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFC1F0F1FD87FC975" box="[925,1063,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">B. glaucophylla</emphasis>
(Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki, 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFF090F32DDF8C902" authority="(Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Buerki" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." box="[139,416,307,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF090F32DC8DC902" box="[139,213,307,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">B. parva</emphasis>
(Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE4D0F32DF4CC902" authority="(Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki." box="[463,788,307,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulifolia">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFE4D0F32DE1DC902" box="[463,581,307,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">B. undulifolia</emphasis>
(Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFEB70F6DD999CADA" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<table id="F92376D3BC09E895FF110F6AD999CAFA" box="[147,1473,363,702]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<tableNote id="76C585FDBC09176EFEB70F6DD999CADA" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" targetBox="[147,1473,394,702]" targetPageId="4">
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110F6AD999C939" box="[147,1473,363,381]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70F6ADE15C939" box="[309,589,363,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFEB70F6DDDC9C939" box="[309,401,363,381]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fortuita">B. fortuita</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40F6ADF27C939" box="[630,895,363,381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFDF40F6DDF59C939" box="[630,769,363,381]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucophylla">B. glaucophylla</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310F6AD889C939" box="[947,1233,363,381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFC310F6DDFA6C939" box="[947,1022,364,381]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva">B. parva</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690F6AD999C939" box="[1259,1473,363,381]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFB690F6DD93CC939" box="[1259,1380,363,381]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulifolia">B. undulifolia</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110F8BD999C9DA" box="[147,1473,394,414]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FF110F8BDD55C9DA" box="[147,269,394,414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Habit [m]</th>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70F8BDE15C9DA" box="[309,589,394,414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">subacaulescent shrub, &lt;1 tall</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40F8BDF27C9DA" box="[630,895,394,414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">shrub, 1-4 tall</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310F8BD889C9DA" box="[947,1233,394,414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">slender shrub, 0.5-3 tall</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690F8BD999C9DA" box="[1259,1473,394,414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">shrub, 1-4 tall</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110FABD999CA5A" box="[147,1473,426,542]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FF110FABDD55CA5A" box="[147,269,426,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Leaf [cm]</th>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70FABDE15CA5A" box="[309,589,426,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">glaucous, white below, 100-120 × 4-5, apex abruptly caudate and apiculate; apicule 0.5-1</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40FABDF27CA5A" box="[630,895,426,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">glaucous, 52-75 × 3.9-6.5, apex abruptly caudate and apiculate; apicule 1-1.2</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310FABD889CA5A" box="[947,1233,426,542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">dark green above, pale glaucous below, 18-60 × 1-4.8, apex abruptly caudate and flagellate; flagellum 2-9</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690FABD999CA5A" box="[1259,1473,426,542]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">light green, 45-85 × 6-9.5, abrubtly caudate and flagellate; flagellum 4.5-5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110C2BD999CA7A" box="[147,1473,554,574]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FF110C2BDD55CA7A" box="[147,269,554,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Ventral pleats</th>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70C2BDE15CA7A" box="[309,589,554,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">armed</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40C2BDF27CA7A" box="[630,895,554,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">unarmed</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310C2BD889CA7A" box="[947,1233,554,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">unarmed</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690C2BD999CA7A" box="[1259,1473,554,574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">unarmed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110C4BD999CA3A" box="[147,1473,586,638]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FF110C4BDD55CA3A" box="[147,269,586,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Syncarp [cm]</th>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70C4BDE15CA3A" box="[309,589,586,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">subglobose, c. 6 in diam.</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40C4BDF27CA3A" box="[630,895,586,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">broadly ellipsoid, 5.7 × 4.5</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310C4BD889CA3A" box="[947,1233,586,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">globose to broadly ovoid, 1.8-5.5 × 1.7-4</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690C4BD999CA3A" box="[1259,1473,586,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">cylindrical-ellipsoid, 6-7 × 4.1-1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35138631BC09E895FF110C8BD999CAFA" box="[147,1473,650,702]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<th id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FF110C8BDD55CAFA" box="[147,269,650,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Style [mm]</th>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FEB70C8BDE15CAFA" box="[309,589,650,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">stout acuminate, 3-4, slightly curved proximally</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FDF40C8BDF27CAFA" box="[630,895,650,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">stout subulate, 5-6.5, strongly curved proximally</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FC310C8BD889CAFA" box="[947,1233,650,702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">horn-like, 2.5-6, sharply curved upwards</td>
<td id="76C2EF4DBC09E895FB690C8BD999CAFA" box="[1259,1473,650,702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">fine linear, 4-5.5, curved</td>
</tr>
</tableNote>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC09176EFF330D3BDDC7CBB6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF330D3BDDC7CBB6" blockId="4.[140,789,826,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF330D3BDEF8CB16" box="[177,672,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
Distribution and ecology. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE430D3ADEF8CB16" box="[449,672,827,850]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica">Benstonea serpentinica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is endemic from Mt. Silam on ultramafic soil in the eastern region of Sabah (
<figureCitation id="131898F6BC09176EFF5D0D7BDD47CBD6" box="[223,287,890,914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,167,1084,1103]" captionTargetBox="[159,787,297,980]" captionTargetId="figure-721@2.[157,789,294,982]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. – Distribution of Benstonea fortuita Callm. &amp; Buerki (white star) and B. serpentinica Callm. &amp; Buerki (white circle) in Borneo. Abbreviations: 1. Crocker Range National Park; 2. Kinabalu Park." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5721718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5721718/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This mountain, which culminates at 884 m, is home to several endemic species including the recently described 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE860DBBDF4DCB96" authority="Utteridge, Julius &amp; Suzana" authorityName="Utteridge, Julius &amp; Suzana" box="[260,789,954,978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Ardisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silamensis">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFE860DBBDD94CB96" box="[260,460,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Ardisia silamensis</emphasis>
Utteridge, Julius &amp; Suzana
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2F982BC09176EFF160DDBDDCBCBB6" author="UTTERIDGE" box="[148,403,986,1010]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="UTTERIDGE" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" pagination="9510" refId="ref4212" refString="UTTERIDGE, T. M. A., A. JULIUS &amp; S. SABRAN (2014). Ardisia silamensis, a new ultramafic species from Borneo; studies in Malaysian Myrsinaceae II. Kew Bull. 69: 9510." type="journal article" year="2014">UTTERIDGE et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC09176EFF330A1BDEA2CD56" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF330A1BDEA2CD56" blockId="4.[140,790,1050,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF330A1BDDD7CC76" box="[177,399,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Conservation status. –</emphasis>
Populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFDB70A1ADF4ECC76" box="[565,790,1051,1074]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFDB70A1ADF4ECC76" box="[565,790,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Benstonea serpentinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only known from 350 to 600 m on Mt. Silam. This patch of forest on ultramafic substrate represents c. 10 km 
<superScript id="7C56293BBC09176EFD470A58DE95CC23" attach="left" box="[709,717,1113,1127]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">2</superScript>
and is part of the Sapagaya FR. Logged forest, palm oil plantations and roads surround nevertheless this mountain, which is under serious human pressure. The new species is therefore preliminary assessed here as “Critically Endangered” [CR B1ab(iii)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2F982BC09176EFDE70AFBDEB7CD56" author="IUCN" box="[613,751,1274,1298]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" refId="ref3963" refString="IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd ed. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland &amp; Cambridge." type="book" year="2012">IUCN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC09176EFF330B3ADE6DCED6" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF330B3ADE22CE56" blockId="4.[140,791,1338,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF330B3ADDB6CD16" box="[177,494,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
Notes. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE8B0B3ADDB6CD16" box="[265,494,1339,1362]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica">Benstonea serpentinica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFD340B3ADF49CD16" box="[694,785,1338,1362]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFD340B3ADF49CD16" box="[694,785,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">B. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by its peduncle (short, 20-25 cm, covered with several prophylls at base vs. long, 40-45 cm, with no prophylls), its smaller drupes (15-20 × 4-5 mm vs. 30 × 8 mm) and style (2-3 vs. 7 mm), style morphology (stout, shortly acuminate, slightly curved proximally vs. spiniform, curved proximally) and fruit colour when ripe (pale green vs. red).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF33081BDE6DCED6" blockId="4.[140,791,1338,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
In their phylogeny of 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE32081ADF4DCE76" authority=", BUERKI et al. (2016)" authorityName="BUERKI" authorityYear="2016" box="[432,789,1562,1586]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFE32081ADE43CE76" box="[432,539,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Benstonea</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2F982BC09176EFDA9081BDF4DCE76" author="BUERKI" box="[555,789,1562,1586]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="BUERKI" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" pagination="211 - 223" refId="ref3548" refString="BUERKI, S., T. GALLAHER, T. BOOTH, G. BREWER, F. FOREST, J. T. PEREIRA &amp; M. W. CALLMANDER (2016). Biogeography and evolution of the screw-pine genus Benstonea Callm &amp; Buerki (Pandanaceae). Candollea 71: 211 - 223. DOI: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15553 / c 2016 v 712 a 7" type="journal article" year="2016">BUERKI et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
showed that the new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFE45083ADE07CE16" box="[455,607,1595,1618]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpentinica">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFE45083ADE07CE16" box="[455,607,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">B. serpentinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to clade IIIc together with 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFED8085ADDE6CE36" box="[346,446,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="4C23FFF0BC09176EFED8085ADDE2CE36" box="[346,442,1626,1650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">B. affinis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is widespread across the Sunda shelf (including the Philippines).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339D7F8BC09176EFF3308B8DD65CF45" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C8473BC09176EFF3308B8DD65CF45" blockId="4.[140,790,1720,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<materialsCitation id="3B4B8E2EBC09176EFF3308B8DD6ACF45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3499009304" collectingDate="2014-10-01" collectionCode="BM, G, PH, SAN" collectorName="Buerki &amp; al." country="Malaysia" elevation="620" latitude="4.9669447" location="Gunung Silam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="118.17444" municipality="Lahad Datu Distr" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFF3308B8DD54CE8F" box="[177,268,1721,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<typeStatus id="54983AD1BC09176EFF3308B8DD50CE8F" box="[177,264,1721,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
– 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFEA608B9DE06CE8F" bold="true" box="[292,606,1720,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<collectingCountry id="F334C4E3BC09176EFEA608B9DDD8CE8E" box="[292,384,1720,1739]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
[BORNEO]. State 
<collectingRegion id="49E74A91BC09176EFDA408B9DE06CE8F" box="[550,606,1720,1739]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Sabah</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF81E09BC09176EFDE808B9DF57CE8F" box="[618,783,1720,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Lahad Datu Distr</collectingMunicipality>
., 
<location id="8EFCD2A8BC09176EFF0E08D2DD56CEA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A3565BC0F176EFCB90F1BDD65CF45:8EFCD2A8BC09176EFF0E08D2DD56CEA2" box="[140,270,1747,1766]" country="Malaysia" latitude="4.9669447" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="118.17444" municipality="Lahad Datu Distr" name="Gunung Silam" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Sabah">Gunung Silam</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE17E2B4BC09176EFE9508D2DD2ACEA2" box="[279,370,1747,1766]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" precision="15" seconds="01" value="4.9669447">4°58’01”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE17E2B4BC09176EFEF508D2DDBDCEA2" box="[375,485,1747,1766]" degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" precision="15" seconds="28" value="118.17444">118°10’28”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CDB2996BC09176EFE6D08D2DE7FCEA2" box="[495,551,1747,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="620.0">
<elevation id="000E6340BC09176EFE6D08D2DE7FCEA2" box="[495,551,1747,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF9DA2B3BC09176EFDB308D2DEDACEA2" box="[561,642,1747,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" value="2014-10-01">
<collectingDate id="EFD95B5BBC09176EFDB308D2DEDACEA2" box="[561,642,1747,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261" value="2014-10-01">1.X.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9575861BC09176EFD0908D2DF4DCEA2" box="[651,789,1747,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">
<collectorName id="26D6E1A5BC09176EFD0908D2DE9ACEA2" box="[651,706,1747,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">Buerki</collectorName>
et 
<collectorName id="26D6E1A5BC09176EFD5E08D2DEA9CEA2" box="[732,753,1747,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">al.</collectorName>
342
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC09176EFF1008EFDCEECF45" box="[146,182,1774,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">BM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC09176EFF3D08EFDC89CF45" box="[191,209,1774,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">G</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC09176EFF5808EFDCA2CF45" box="[218,250,1774,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">PH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED321CB6BC09176EFE8008EFDD6ACF45" box="[258,306,1774,1793]" collectionName="SAN" pageId="4" pageNumber="261">SAN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>