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<document id="B6B4605ED3AA3025B65F2ACB542C0873" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7961272" ID-ZooBank="FE67E8C2-AFE5-491C-B673-2ECE82FA4D87" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1684825798649" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2023" docId="038A1C6BFFB5524E8E87FA609BF088DF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5293.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5293 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="440" masterDocId="FFB36413FFB7524B8E10FF0D9A3D8A12" masterDocTitle="New carnivorous sponges from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia collected by ROV from the RV FALKOR" masterLastPageNumber="471" masterPageNumber="435" pageNumber="437" updateTime="1685381400088" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5803B9A90C78D5B3A6BA2DB9E79C23F4">New carnivorous sponges from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia collected by ROV from the RV FALKOR</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62A6C1D7FED841BFF110019F4DF05E78">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E1046A043E68F679A9963F857B352BAF">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia &amp; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A53B0B8433FF872BF21D741B3D98EEB8">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7ADA11023B45C0071B5A994CB78435E">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia &amp; john. hooper @ qm. qld. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1722 - 5954</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0D41A11FFB552498E87FA609EB38F95" bold="true" box="[151,1166,1389,1416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB552498E87FA609EB38F95" ID-CoL="86WRZ" authority="Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,1166,1389,1416]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
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<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498E87FA609B718F9A" bold="true" box="[151,332,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498F4DFA60982F8F9A" bold="true" box="[349,530,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498C33FA609EB38F95" bold="true" box="[547,1166,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
zygainadentonis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB552498CFEFA609EB38F95" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[750,1166,1389,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref16512" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020 a) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339FEF6FFB552498E87FA9C9B218FB9" box="[151,284,1425,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498E87FA9C9B218FB9" blockId="2.[151,1166,1389,1451]" box="[151,284,1425,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB552498E87FA9C9B218FB9" box="[151,284,1425,1451]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetBox-1="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetId-1="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater in vivo. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339FEF6FFB552498E87FAD498718CB5" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498E87FAD49B428FE1" bold="true" box="[151,383,1497,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B4BA720FFB552498F83FAD499598C29" collectingDate="2017-06-13" collectionCode="QM, RV" collectorName="Merrick Ekins &amp; Sample" country="Australia" county="Station" elevation="1761" latitude="-23.659" location="Gladstone" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="154.6597" municipality="Coral Sea" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" specimenCode="G337557, V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED3235B8FFB552498C18FAD498088FE1" box="[520,565,1497,1523]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB850506FFB552498C52FAD498908FE6" box="[578,685,1497,1524]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">G337557</specimenCode>
, off
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,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49E7639FFFB552498DE7FAD49E438FE1" box="[1015,1150,1497,1523]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F334EDEDFFB552498A9DFAD49ECA8FE1" box="[1165,1271,1497,1523]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62FDD5F1FFB552498B17FAD49F6B8FE1" box="[1287,1366,1497,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Station</collectingCounty>
12, - 23.6311944 –
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– 154.643806, 1770–
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,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498DACFAF39E738C05" box="[956,1102,1533,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Beam Trawl</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498A4EFAF09F7A8C05" box="[1118,1351,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Coll. Merrick Ekins</collectorName>
on
<collectionCode id="ED3235B8FFB552498B6BFAF39FA18C05" box="[1403,1436,1534,1559]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498B6BFAF39FA18C05" box="[1403,1436,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">RV</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB552498E87F92F9BE98C29" authority=", Cruise IN 2017" authorityName=", Cruise IN" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,468,1569,1596]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498E87F92F9B238C29" box="[151,286,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Investigator</emphasis>
, Cruise IN2017
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_
<specimenCode id="DB850506FFB552498FF4F92C982E8C29" box="[484,531,1569,1595]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498C0EF92C984F8C29" box="[542,626,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Sample</collectorName>
128-111,
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<collectingDate id="EFD97255FFB552498CF3F92C99628C29" box="[739,863,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" value="2017-06-13">13/vi/2017</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498ED7F94898718CB5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1497,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
Other Material:
<materialsCitation id="3B4BA720FFB552498F9AF94898718CB5" collectingDate="2020-08-14" collectionCode="QM" collectorName=" Jeremy Horowitz" country="Australia" county="Great Barrier Reef" elevation="1527" latitude="-15.366065" location="Ribbon Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.86629" municipality="Canyon" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" specimenCode="G339304" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectionCode id="ED3235B8FFB552498F9AF9489B8A8C4D" box="[394,439,1605,1631]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB850506FFB552498FD5F948980D8C4D" box="[453,560,1605,1631]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">G339304</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EFCFBA6FFB552498C53F94898E58C4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A1C6BFFB5524E8E87FA609BF088DF:8EFCFBA6FFB552498C53F94898E58C4D" box="[579,728,1605,1631]" country="Australia" county="Great Barrier Reef" latitude="-15.366065" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.86629" municipality="Canyon" name="Ribbon Reef" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" stateProvince="Queensland">Ribbon Reef</location>
5,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF83707FFB552498D1AF948995C8C4D" box="[778,865,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
8,
<collectingCounty id="62FDD5F1FFB552498D82F9489E4C8C4D" box="[914,1137,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Great Barrier Reef</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="49E7639FFFB552498A6FF9489F3B8C4D" box="[1151,1286,1605,1631]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F334EDEDFFB552498B07F9489FBC8C4D" box="[1303,1409,1605,1631]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498C74F96498A98C91" box="[612,660,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Site</collectorName>
: S0378,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498CE7F96499728C91" box="[759,847,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Sample</collectorName>
: 55, ROV
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<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498DDAF9679E018C96" box="[970,1084,1642,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">SuBastian</collectorName>
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,
<collectorName id="26D6C8ABFFB552498A5BF9649F738C91" box="[1099,1358,1641,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Coll. Jeremy Horowitz</collectorName>
on
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498B6BF9679B398CBA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<collectionCode id="ED3235B8FFB552498B6BF9679FA18C91" box="[1403,1436,1642,1667]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">RV</collectionCode>
FALKOR,
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cruise FK200802,
<date id="FF9D8BBDFFB552498FCBF98098718CB5" box="[475,588,1677,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" value="2020-08-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD97255FFB552498FCBF98098718CB5" box="[475,588,1677,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" value="2020-08-14">14/8/2020</collectingDate>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339FEF6FFB552498ED7F9BC98158CFD" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498ED7F9BC98158CFD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1497,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498ED7F9BC9B648CD9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1713,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Distribution</emphasis>
: This species is presently known only from the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef, off the Northeast coast of
<collectingRegion id="49E7639FFFB552498EE6F9D89B408CFD" box="[246,381,1749,1775]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, bathyal depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339FEF6FFB5524E8ED7F9F49E348BBF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498ED7F9F49B678D06" blockId="2.[151,1436,1497,2028]" box="[199,346,1785,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498ED7F9F49B6C8D01" bold="true" box="[199,337,1785,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Description</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498ED7F8109E128DD5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1497,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498ED7F8109B6A8D25" box="[199,343,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Growth form</emphasis>
: An erect delicate single-axis arborescent sponge resembling a tree consisting of a cylindrical stem with five columns of branches (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB552498FEFF84C98B18D49" box="[511,652,1857,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater in vivo. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Figs. 2 A, B</figureCitation>
). The sponge including the roots is
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498A33F84C9E548D4E" box="[1059,1129,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
in height, the branches are up to
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498EC7F8689B338D92" box="[215,270,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in length and the roots are also up to
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498CA3F86898D78D92" box="[691,746,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in length. The stem base is short, only
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498AB0F8689ED28D92" box="[1184,1263,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498B9EF8689AFE8DB6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in width. Each branch contains four alternate filaments (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB552498D53F88499998DB1" box="[835,932,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater in vivo. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Fig. 2 C</figureCitation>
). The branches are between 0.5 and
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498B2EF8849F428DB6" box="[1342,1407,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in thickness. The filaments are up to
<quantity id="4CDB0098FFB552498C08F8A098538DDA" box="[536,622,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long and between 80 and 270 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB552498ED7F8DC99008DF9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1497,2028]" box="[199,829,2001,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB552498ED7F8DC9B2B8DF9" box="[199,278,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="437">Colour</emphasis>
: White in situ, on deck and preserved in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5CFDF5FFB452488E87F97D99968CE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7961278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" startId="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1625]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB452488E87F97D99968CE7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1648,1781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488E87F97D9B338C9A" bold="true" box="[151,270,1648,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB452488F0CF97C99E08C9B" authority="Ekins et al., 2020 a" authorityName="Ekins" authorityYear="2020" box="[284,989,1649,1673]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488F0CF97C992F8C9B" box="[284,786,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB452488D09F97C99E08C9B" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[793,989,1649,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref16512" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020 a) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ekins
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488D4AF97C99B28C9B" box="[858,911,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488E87F9989AE18CBE" box="[151,220,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">in vivo</emphasis>
. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB452488ED7F82E9F038D2F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1827,1997]" box="[199,1342,1827,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488ED7F82E9B9D8D2F" box="[199,416,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The ectosomal skeleton consists of a thin membrane containing chelae (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB452488AC3F82E9F0C8D2F" box="[1235,1329,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater in vivo. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2 E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB452488ED7F84A9F738DDF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1827,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB452488ED7F84A9BF88D73" box="[199,453,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Choanosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The choanosomal skeleton consists of bundles of mycalostyles longitudinally arranged in the axis of the stem. The stem also contains the subtylostyles and rare thin subtylostyles. The filaments consist of longitudinally arranged subtylostyles, with radial arrangement for support against the stem. The roots consist of the same combination of styles bundled together as in the stem, but also include a smaller blunt style (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB452488AF5F8BE9F7C8DDF" box="[1253,1345,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. A. the specimen QM G339304 underwater in vivo. B. Specimen QM G339304 fixed. C. Branch with filaments under a dissection microscope. D. Branch with filaments under scanning electron microscope. E. Filament with the ectosomal skeleton of tridentate unguiferate isochelae. F. Root like processes, showing the bundles of styles, with no specialised ectosomal layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Fig. 2 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5CFDF5FFB3524F8E87F8789EBF8DE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" startId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB3524F8E87F8789EBF8DE8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1909,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB3524F8E87F8789B2D8D9C" bold="true" box="[151,272,1909,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB3524F8F0FF87B99D68D9C" authority="Ekins et al., 2020 a" authorityName="Ekins" authorityYear="2020" box="[287,1003,1910,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB3524F8F0FF87B99248D9C" box="[287,793,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB3524F8D32F87B99D68D9C" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[802,1003,1910,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref16512" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020 a) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ekins
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB3524F8D75F87B99A88D9C" box="[869,917,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">et al</emphasis>
., 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB2524E8ED7FF9A9E488B0F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8ED7FF9A9B608AA3" box="[199,349,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Megascleres:</emphasis>
Larger mycalostyles with tapering ends and a blunt point (872-(1109)-
<date id="FF9D8BBDFFB2524E8A92FF9A9EEF8AA3" box="[1154,1234,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" value="1280-10">1280 x</date>
14.9–(23.9)–36.0 µm, n=46) (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8F34FFB69B8D8AC7" box="[292,432,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 3 C, D</figureCitation>
). Subtylostyles with slightly swollen bases and tapering points (459–(558)–669 x 8.4– (12.2)–7.51 µm, n=34) (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8FB6FFD298168AEB" box="[422,555,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Figs. 3 E, F</figureCitation>
). Rare thin subtylostyles (479–(763)–
<date id="FF9D8BBDFFB2524E8DC0FFD29E208AEB" box="[976,1053,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" value="1060-10">1060 x</date>
3.0–(4.4)–6.3 µm, n=5) (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8B29FFD29A998B0F" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Figs. 3 I, J</figureCitation>
). In the roots are blunt styles (149–(256)–371 x 1.0–(3.8)–7.1 µm, n=8) (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8DC9FE0E9E598B0F" box="[985,1124,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Figs. 3 G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB2524E8ED7FE2A9E348BBF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8ED7FE2A9B6A8B53" box="[199,343,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Microscleres</emphasis>
: Abundant small tridentate unguiferate isochelae with equal sized alae (25.5– (33.9)–42.9 x 2.1– (3.2)–4.5 µm, n=41) (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8F82FE469BCB8B77" box="[402,502,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 3 A</figureCitation>
). Uncommon large unguiferate isochelae, with variable dentation (often 3), 44.1– (53.9)–67.9 x 3.3–(5.7)–7.1 µm, n=16 (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8C40FE6298938B9B" box="[592,686,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 3 B</figureCitation>
). Rare thin sigmas 23.1–(27.1)–31.1 x 0.9–(1.0)–1.2 µm, n=2 (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8B7FFE629AFD8BBF" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 3 K</figureCitation>
). Rare sigmancistras 24.7–(26.5)–27.7 x 1.9–(2.5)–3.3 µm, n=4 (
<figureCitation id="1318B1F8FFB2524E8D8EFE9E99C08BBF" box="[926,1021,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[282,1304,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a. QM G339304. A. Tridentate unguiferate isochelae. B. Large unguiferate isochelae. C. Mycalostyle. D. Close up of the mycalostyle ends in C. E. Subtylostyles. F. Close up of the subtylostyle ends in E. G. Styles in the root like appendages. H. Close up of the ends of the styles in G. I. Very thin supportive styles. J. Close up of the ends of the styles in I. K. Thin subtylostyles. L. Sigmancistras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 3 L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339FEF6FFB2524E8ED7FEBA9BF088DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CAD7DFFB2524E8ED7FEBA9BF088DF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8ED7FEBA9B098BC3" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Remarks</emphasis>
: Despite the appearance of the
<typeStatus id="549813DFFFB2524E8C89FEBA98C68BC3" box="[665,763,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">holotype</typeStatus>
resembling the gross morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8AB1FEBA9B2E8BE7" authority="Sars, 1872" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8AB1FEBA9FA18BC3" box="[1185,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Cladorhiza abyssicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB2524E8E87FED69B2E8BE7" author="Sars, G. O." box="[151,275,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref18324" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast. Part 1, partly from posthumous manuscripts of the late prof. Mich. Sars. University Program for the 1 rs half-year 1869. Brogger &amp; Christie, Christiania, viii + 82 pp., pls. 1 - 6. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11677777] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8861" type="book chapter" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8F31FED698058BE7" box="[289,568,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
C. (C.).
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8F92FED698058BE7" box="[386,568,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis">zygainadentonis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has isochelae, and it also lacks sigmas and sigmancistras. The presence of isochelae indicates it clearly belongs in
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8C4DFEF2993B880B" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[605,774,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8C4DFEF2993B880B" box="[605,774,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as illustrated in the figures and the diagnosis of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB2524E8B29FEF29B0C882F" author="Hestetun, J. T. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Borchiellini, C. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Cristobo, F. J. &amp; Rapp, H. T." pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="327 - 345" refId="ref17062" refString="Hestetun, J. T., Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N., Borchiellini, C., Kelly, M., Rios, P., Cristobo, F. J. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2016 a) The systematics of carnivorous sponges. Molecular Phylogenetics &amp; Evolution, 94, 327 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.08.022" type="journal article" year="2016">
Hestetun
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8E87FD2E9AEC882F" box="[151,209,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB2524E8F7AFD2E986C882F" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Goudie, L. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." box="[362,593,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="240 - 260" refId="ref16574" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D., Goudie, L. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020 b) New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight. Zootaxa, 4878 (2), 240 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4878.2.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ekins
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8FA3FD2E9BD0882F" box="[435,493,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
. This species is
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8D1CFD2E9B378873" authority="Ekins et al., 2020 a" authorityName="Ekins" authorityYear="2020" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8D1CFD2E9F0A882F" box="[780,1335,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB2524E8B50FD2E9B378873" author="Ekins, M. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref16512" refString="Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. (2020 a) Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa, 4774 (1), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ekins
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8B98FD2E9A898873" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with the unique unguiferate anchorate isochelae. The only other
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8DE6FD4A9F5F8873" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1014,1378,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8DE6FD4A9F5F8873" box="[1014,1378,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with some sort of arborescent morphology is
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8C44FD669E868897" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[596,1211,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dichotoma" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8C44FD669E078897" box="[596,1082,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) dichotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB2D08CFFB2524E8A50FD669E868897" author="Levi, C." box="[1088,1211,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref17902" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; but that species has quadridentate unguiferate isochelae. The redescription of
<emphasis id="B957716FFFB2524E8D06FD829E1888BB" box="[790,1061,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
C. (C.).
<taxonomicName id="4C23D6FEFFB2524E8D7FFD829E1888BB" box="[879,1061,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis">zygainadentonis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
includes the addition of the styles in the root like appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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