445 lines
56 KiB
XML
445 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="63DF4E01EA7DF6FF55FB0BBB8C25E002" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261406" ID-ZooBank="956DD80C-5902-49C7-B1F5-6D95561B609F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629846155175" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Johnson, Paul J., Buhl, Peter Neerup & Torrez, Veronica Calles" docDate="2013" docId="038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03630p190.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3630 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Platygaster chilophagae Johnson & Buhl & Torrez 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FFB0FFCB170DFFD1C554FFD0FFCD4161" masterDocTitle="A new species of Platygaster Latreille (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing Chilophaga virgati Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1699120544586" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="BB523B1CE6E6782B65866DE06A14393A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="637987961C4ADF01CD9A8340126D5ACF">
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<mods:title id="F5029F470C558BCB833BEA5EFD7DE13C">A new species of Platygaster Latreille (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing Chilophaga virgati Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="127BBCA7D665D84A457BDED150DC6B87" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="92AD3330669FC7DC2B20FD2D64A17493">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7197204EBE881B53DD1C437533170D2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5B34F559E47ED3BDFBB326AE7C02A543">Johnson, Paul J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02B95B5898AF87AC3F8C4877C998AF2A">Insect Biodiversity Lab, Box 2207 A, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7FED879967560EE0230B11CB52B5CB8B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9BCA36531179F05A439E3A49EB065981">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4C9826DF8E59AF2935EA0DAACF1DBA26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A11A234319568A883B0A13441FA85356">Buhl, Peter Neerup</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="018C5315D902861F203695BE4C4E618E">Troldhøjvej, DK- 3310 Ølsted, Denmark. E-mail: pnbuhl @ hotmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FC89D7F5AD8D9770958E6B5183E3F525" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CD1478269DE4A5D473EF49447CF10B46">
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<mods:roleTerm id="665C69FB2C14A287BCF3DF748ED18F65">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="18FF292D92D05E9F9B95F31E20C63620">Torrez, Veronica Calles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4CD9D488F3DECFC4F13B239E9E88EB5">Insect Biodiversity Lab, Box 2207 A, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A16ABEC3E3474E8BB506831459B95C91">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="09B9697712487B9919C9197BAD872E06">
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<mods:title id="625A61A6DF659AC484F252645FD60B88">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E4C4095E246BB1B7D9D6863B00FD0435">
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<mods:date id="116CFF11998101C43A1774F2918685EC">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="653C5BD8CF5C9D88ADCADC3F19C69D81" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A30CE630F09FD33D5277FF8EB7F3661F">2013-03-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2B3E506AAB965CEA2593FA4373CF6550" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D504B0920BFAAF014CAAE4223F1BE347">3630</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E42095C6A5897E3E18912A0D7741D378" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8520DD50F19C1DE08466DF7091FEAD9D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7BA5DE2844D3F6020A29C3BE55CC3D2E">184</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="047CDF3BD480B47700DE04611E32A632">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="18EBAA47757DA806BD5BB17F7476483F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6C153A6F9638A50DE66C833507B95BD5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A30D18800670815BE559E4CF68D9FE01" type="Zenodo-Dep">5261406</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4FAC775EB39F1736C47E0F4E5378A93" type="ZooBank">956DD80C-5902-49C7-B1F5-6D95561B609F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD0C5C3FD97FD99433E" box="[151,596,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C5C3FD97FD99433E" blockId="1.[151,596,583,644]" box="[151,596,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="D0D781C9170CFFD0C5C3FD97FD99433E" bold="true" box="[151,596,583,608]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C5C3FD97FE394301" bold="true" box="[151,500,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170CFFD0C5C3FD97FE224301" authority="Buhl" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,495,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C5C3FD97FE604301" bold="true" box="[151,429,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
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Buhl
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26757CC170CFFD0C4AFFD98FD99433E" box="[507,596,584,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C4AFFD98FD804301" bold="true" box="[507,589,584,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD0C5C3FDBCFEDF43E5" box="[151,274,620,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C5C3FDBCFEDF43E5" blockId="1.[151,596,583,644]" box="[151,274,620,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="131B2A20170CFFD0C5CBFDBCFEC443E5" box="[159,265,620,644]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1962,1985]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,936,959]" captionStartId-2="2.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionStartId-3="3.[151,250,643,666]" captionStartId-4="3.[151,250,1511,1534]" captionStartId-5="4.[151,250,1016,1039]" captionStartId-6="4.[151,249,1989,2012]" captionTargetBox-0="[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetBox-2="[313,1273,1020,1830]" captionTargetBox-5="[262,1327,424,988]" captionTargetBox-6="[158,1426,1139,1959]" captionTargetId-0="figure-501@1.[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-48@2.[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetId-2="figure-50@2.[313,1273,1020,1830]" captionTargetId-5="figure-121@4.[259,1327,320,995]" captionTargetId-6="figure-124@4.[151,1431,1131,1965]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionTargetPageId-5="4" captionTargetPageId-6="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, body in dorsal view, scale bar = 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Platygaster chilophagae, ♀, head and mesosoma in lateral view, scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, head in frontal view, scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, antenna, scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Cocoon clusters of P. chilophagae; scale bar = 2.0 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Panicum virgatum apical leaf sheath opened to show P. chilophagae coccons and a C. virgati larva in situ; scale bar = 5.0 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Platygaster chilophagae, ♀ lateral habitus; scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261408" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261410" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261412" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261414" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261416" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5261408/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5261410/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5261412/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5261414/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5261416/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD0C5C3FD64FA8943AD" box="[151,1348,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C5C3FD64FA8943AD" blockId="1.[151,1436,692,1471]" box="[151,1348,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C5C3FD64FED043AA" box="[151,285,692,716]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C5C3FD64FEDB43AD" bold="true" box="[151,278,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The species name is based on the genus name,
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170CFFD0C666FD64FC7B43AD" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="1969" box="[818,950,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chilophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C666FD64FC7B43AD" box="[818,950,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Chilophaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the genus of the cecidomyiid host.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD0C593FD07FF3542A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C593FD07FF3542A6" blockId="1.[151,1436,692,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
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||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FD07FE7D438E" box="[199,432,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FD07FE644391" bold="true" box="[199,425,727,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C4E3FD07FA544275" collectingDate="2012-07-11" collectingDateMax="2012-07-16" collectingDateMin="2012-07-11" collectionCode="SDSU, USNM" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." location="Aurora Research Farm" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="549B8807170CFFD0C4E3FD07FDD2438E" box="[439,543,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C772FD08FDF6438E" box="[550,571,728,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
:
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<collectingCountry id="F3377635170CFFD0C71EFD07FD49438E" box="[586,644,727,751]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="49E4F847170CFFD0C7C4FD07FCE1438E" box="[656,812,727,751]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="62FE4E29170CFFD0C663FD07FC11438E" box="[823,988,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Brookings Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EFF607E170CFFD0C6BCFD07FB27438E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485:8EFF607E170CFFD0C6BCFD07FB27438E" box="[1000,1258,727,751]" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." name="Aurora Research Farm" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="South Dakota">Aurora Research Farm</location>
|
||
,
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||
<locationDeviation id="9A2D2F87170CFFD0C1A1FD07FEC24275" location="East of Brookings" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B40170CFFD0C1A1FD07FA8B438E" box="[1269,1350,727,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 miles</quantity>
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||
East of Brookings
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C449FD2CFE534275" box="[285,414,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE98D170CFFD0C449FD2CFE534275" box="[285,414,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-11">11.vii.2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, emerged
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||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C742FD2CFD5B4275" box="[534,662,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-16">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE98D170CFFD0C742FD2CFD5B4275" box="[534,662,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-16">16.vii.2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
from
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170CFFD0C7B4FD2CFB4E4272" authority=", V. Calles Torrez" authorityName="V. Calles Torrez" box="[736,1155,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chilophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C7B4FD2CFC7A4275" box="[736,951,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Chilophaga virgati</emphasis>
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||
, V. Calles Torrez
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED31AE60170CFFD0C19CFD2CFADC4275" box="[1224,1297,764,788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j1yc-pyd8" name="Severin-McDaniel Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">SDSU</collectionCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED31AE60170CFFD0C06FFD2CFA5C4275" box="[1339,1425,764,788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C5C3FCF0FC324256" box="[151,1023,799,824]" collectingDate="2012-07-11" collectingDateMax="2012-07-16" collectingDateMin="2012-07-11" collectionCode="SDSU, USNM" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." location="University of Copenhagen" municipality="Zoological Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B8807170CFFD0C5C3FCF0FEC44259" box="[151,265,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C441FCCFFE8C4256" box="[277,321,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
same data (
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFBACDF170CFFD0C49AFCCFFD754256" box="[462,696,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Zoological Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFF607E170CFFD0C791FCCFFC3A4256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485:8EFF607E170CFFD0C791FCCFFC3A4256" box="[709,1015,799,823]" municipality="Zoological Museum" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">University of Copenhagen</location>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C159FCCFFED4423D" collectingDate="2012-07-14" collectingDateMax="2012-07-16" collectingDateMin="2012-07-11" collectionCode="SDSU, USNM" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." location="University of Copenhagen" municipality="Zoological Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="51" specimenCount-female="46" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C159FCCFFB8A4256" box="[1037,1095,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">46 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C10CFCCFFB494256" box="[1112,1156,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
same data but collected
|
||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C5C3FC94FED4423D" box="[151,281,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE98D170CFFD0C5C3FC94FED4423D" box="[151,281,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-14">14.vii.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, emerged in the laboratory
|
||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C71EFC94FD00423D" box="[586,717,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-24">24.vii.2012</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C78DFC94FB26423D" box="[729,1259,836,860]" collectingDate="2012-07-15" collectingDateMax="2012-07-16" collectingDateMin="2012-07-11" collectionCode="SDSU, USNM" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." location="University of Copenhagen" municipality="Zoological Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="69" specimenCount-female="47" specimenCount-male="22" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C78DFC94FCDD423A" box="[729,784,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">47 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C64AFC94FC9B423A" box="[798,854,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="male">22 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
same data but collected
|
||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C13DFC94FB26423D" box="[1129,1259,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE98D170CFFD0C13DFC94FB26423D" box="[1129,1259,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-15">15.vii.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, emerged in the laboratory
|
||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C447FCB7FE5F421E" box="[275,402,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-18">18.vii.2012</date>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C4CFFCB7FCC0421E" box="[411,781,871,895]" country="United States of America" location="University" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4F847170CFFD0C4F7FCB7FD4D421E" box="[419,640,871,895]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">South Dakota State</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EFF607E170CFFD0C7DEFCB7FCC8421E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987B3170CFFD4C5C3FD97FC584485:8EFF607E170CFFD0C7DEFCB7FCC8421E" box="[650,773,871,895]" country="United States of America" name="University" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="South Dakota">University</location>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CF8170CFFD0C64DFCB7FF3942A6" collectingDate="2012-07-12" collectingDateMax="2012-07-16" collectingDateMin="2012-07-11" collectionCode="SDSU" collectorName="P. J. Johnson" country="United States of America" county="Brookings Co." elevation="506" latitude="44.253887" location="Aurora Research Farm" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-96.67139" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="South Dakota" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Additional material:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C153FCB7FBF9421E" box="[1031,1076,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same location as holotype and
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B8807170CFFD0C5C3FC5CFECF42C5" box="[151,258,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE145062170CFFD0C44CFC5CFE6B42C5" box="[280,422,908,932]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" precision="15" seconds="14" value="44.253887">44°15’14’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE145062170CFFD0C75AFC5CFD6E42C5" box="[526,675,908,932]" degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-96.67139">96°40’17’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; el.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B40170CFFD0C78BFC5CFCFF42C2" box="[735,818,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="506.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000DD196170CFFD0C78BFC5CFCFF42C2" box="[735,818,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="506.0">506 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF9E1065170CFFD0C618FC5CFC0342C5" box="[844,974,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE98D170CFFD0C618FC5CFC0342C5" box="[844,974,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" value="2012-07-12">12.vii.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, swept from switchgrass,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D55373170CFFD0C058FC5CFA5142C5" box="[1292,1436,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">P.J. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED31AE60170CFFD0C5CBFC7FFF2142A6" box="[159,236,943,967]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j1yc-pyd8" name="Severin-McDaniel Insect Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">SDSU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD0C593FC03FC254536" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C593FC03FC254536" blockId="1.[151,1436,692,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FC03FE8C428A" box="[199,321,979,1004]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FC03FEF7428D" bold="true" box="[199,314,979,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head 1.75 times as wide as long; frons only weakly sculptured in lower part; preapical segments of female antennae 1.0–1.2 times as wide as long; notauli behind not widely separated; scutellum smooth, evenly convex; forewings very slightly surpassing tip of female metasoma, this fully twice as long as wide, slightly longer than rest of body, T2 striated to 0.4 length of tergite, much shorter medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E170CFFD5C593FBB3FA40407D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C593FBB3FD4945A5" blockId="1.[151,1436,692,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FBB3FE95451A" box="[199,344,1123,1148]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C593FBB3FE9C451D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1123,1148]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C170CFFD0C435FBB4FEBB451A" box="[353,374,1124,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. Body length 1.00–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B40170CFFD0C70EFBB4FD0F451A" box="[602,706,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Black; antennae and legs dark brown; base of A1, apex of A2, mandibles, coxae, trochanters, and base and apex of mid and hind tibiae slightly lighter brown; most of fore tibiae and segments 1–4 of all tarsi pale brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C593FB1FFACF44DE" blockId="1.[151,1436,692,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A20170CFFD0C446FB1FFEB64586" box="[274,379,1231,1255]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1962,1985]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,936,959]" captionStartId-2="2.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox-0="[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetBox-2="[313,1273,1020,1830]" captionTargetId-0="figure-501@1.[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-48@2.[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetId-2="figure-50@2.[313,1273,1020,1830]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, body in dorsal view, scale bar = 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Platygaster chilophagae, ♀, head and mesosoma in lateral view, scale bar = 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, head in frontal view, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261408" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261410" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261412" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5261408/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5261410/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5261412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
) from above 1.75 times as wide as long, 1.15 times as wide as mesosoma; occiput very finely and densely transversely striated medially, curved towards sides and becoming more vertically reticulatecoriaceous, behind eyes smooth; hyperoccipital carina absent; vertex medially almost smooth, towards sides faintly reticulate-coriaceous; frons smooth, towards sides with sparse punctures, in slightly less than lower half with faint oblique reticulation. Ocello-ocular line equal to lateral ocellar line. Head in frontal view 1.25 times as wide as high. Antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A20170CFFD0C446FA54FE9B44FD" box="[274,342,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,643,666]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, antenna, scale bar = 10 µm." pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) with A1 0.8 times as long as height of head, 1.1 times as long as distance between inner orbits; A9 from about as long as wide to 1.2 times as wide as long; A10 one and a third times as long as A2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D170CFFD0C5C3F87AFC1946A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261408" box="[151,980,1962,1985]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" startId="1.[151,250,1962,1985]" targetBox="[315,1272,1525,1941]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170CFFD0C5C3F87AFC1946A0" blockId="1.[151,980,1962,1985]" box="[151,980,1962,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C5C3F87AFEDE46A0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1962,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170CFFD0C44DF87BFDDC46A0" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[281,529,1963,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170CFFD0C44DF87BFDDC46A0" box="[281,529,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,♀, body in dorsal view, scale bar = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D170FFFD3C5C3FC78FBA542DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261410" box="[151,1128,936,959]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" startId="2.[151,250,936,959]" targetBox="[313,1273,193,915]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170FFFD3C5C3FC78FBA542DF" blockId="2.[151,1128,936,959]" box="[151,1128,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170FFFD3C5C3FC78FEDE42DE" bold="true" box="[151,275,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170FFFD3C44DFC78FDDC42DF" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[281,529,936,958]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170FFFD3C44DFC78FDDC42DF" box="[281,529,936,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, head and mesosoma in lateral view, scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D170FFFD3C5C3F895FC07463D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261412" box="[151,970,1861,1884]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" startId="2.[151,250,1861,1884]" targetBox="[313,1273,1020,1830]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170FFFD3C5C3F895FC07463D" blockId="2.[151,970,1861,1884]" box="[151,970,1861,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170FFFD3C5C3F895FEDF463D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1861,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170FFFD3C44DF896FDDA463D" box="[281,535,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170FFFD3C44DF896FDD9463D" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[281,532,1862,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">Platygaster chilophagae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀, head in frontal view, scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D170EFFD2C5C3FD53FC8243FB" box="[151,847,643,666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" startId="3.[151,250,643,666]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170EFFD2C5C3FD53FC8243FB" blockId="3.[151,847,643,666]" box="[151,847,643,666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170EFFD2C5C3FD53FEDF43FB" bold="true" box="[151,274,643,666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170EFFD2C44DFD54FDDC43FB" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[281,529,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170EFFD2C44DFD54FDDC43FB" box="[281,529,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,♀, antenna, scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D170EFFD2C5C3FA37FC84449C" box="[151,841,1511,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" startId="3.[151,250,1511,1534]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170EFFD2C5C3FA37FC84449C" blockId="3.[151,841,1511,1534]" box="[151,841,1511,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170EFFD2C5C3FA37FEDF449D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1511,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Cocoon clusters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D26170EFFD2C489FA38FDBE449C" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[477,627,1511,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB7170EFFD2C489FA38FDBE449C" box="[477,627,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">P. chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; scale bar = 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170EFFD2C593F9FAFBBF46E7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1578,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Mesosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A20170EFFD2C40CF9FAFE074723" box="[344,458,1578,1602]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1962,1985]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,936,959]" captionTargetBox-0="[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetId-0="figure-501@1.[315,1272,1525,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-48@2.[313,1273,193,915]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Platygaster chilophagae,♀, body in dorsal view, scale bar = 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Platygaster chilophagae, ♀, head and mesosoma in lateral view, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261408" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261410" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5261408/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5261410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.4 times as long as wide, about as high as wide. Sides of pronotum finely longitudinally reticulate-coriaceous, smooth along wide upper and hind margins. Mesoscutum with few setae, most of them along margins and imaginary notaulic courses, smooth in more than posterior half, finely reticulate around ends of imaginary notaulic courses and along anterior margin; notauli weakly indicated in posterior half; mid lobe slightly prolonged to base of scutellum, touching this in a rather narrow point, at each side with about six setae above scuto-scutellar grooves. Mesopleuron smooth. Scutellum smooth, moderately densely setose, evenly convex. Metapleuron with pilosity all over. Propodeal carinae short, parallel, much transverse area between them smooth. Forewing very slightly surpassing tip of metasoma, slightly more than 0.7 times as long as entire body, 2.6 times as long as wide, clear, with dense and rather fine microtrichia in apical 0.6; marginal cilia 0.08 times width of wing. Hind wing 5.5 times as long as wide, with two hamuli; marginal cilia 0.3 width of wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A5170EFFD5C593F842FD5741B5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1578,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Metasoma (fig. 1) from hardly longer than (32:31) to 1.1 times as long as head and mesosoma combined, about as wide as mesosoma. T1 with about seven rather even longitudinal carinae. T2 longitudinally striated in basal foveae to about 0.4 length of tergite, medially with four longitudinal carinae to hardly 0.15 length of tergite, rest of tergite as well as T3–T6 smooth, each apical tergite with a transverse row of setae inserted in moderately deep punctures: eight on T3, ten on each of T4–T6.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51709FFD5C593FF30FA40407D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD2C1709FFD5C593FF30FF114196" box="[199,220,224,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B401709FFD5C42FFF0FFE104196" box="[379,477,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
approx. Antenna with A5–A9 each as long as wide, flagellar pubescence half as long as width of segments. Metasoma 0.85 times as long as head and mesosoma combined, with seven visible tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D1709FFD5C5C3FC28FEEA454C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[151,250,1016,1039]" targetBox="[262,1327,424,988]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51709FFD5C5C3FC28FEEA454C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1016,1069]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C5C3FC28FED9456E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1016,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261709FFD5C44FFC29FE15456F" authorityName="L. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[283,472,1017,1038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C44FFC29FE15456F" box="[283,472,1017,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Panicum virgatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apical leaf sheath opened to show
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261709FFD5C615FC29FC15456F" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[833,984,1016,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C615FC29FC15456F" box="[833,984,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coccons and a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261709FFD5C12CFC28FB17456F" box="[1144,1242,1016,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chilophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C12CFC28FB17456F" box="[1144,1242,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">C. virgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva in situ; scale bar = 5.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F662D1709FFD5C5C3F815FC5646BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261416" box="[151,923,1989,2012]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[151,249,1989,2012]" targetBox="[158,1426,1139,1959]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51709FFD5C5C3F815FC5646BA" blockId="4.[151,923,1989,2012]" box="[151,923,1989,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C5C3F815FEDF46BA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1989,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261709FFD5C44CF816FDDC46BD" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[280,529,1990,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71709FFD5C44CF816FDDC46BD" box="[280,529,1990,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ lateral habitus; scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E1708FFD4C593FF47FD544376" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51708FFD4C593FF47FD544376" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C593FF47FE8241CE" box="[199,335,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C593FF47FE8541D1" bold="true" box="[199,328,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species differs from the somewhat similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C625FF49FB4541CE" authority="Fouts, 1924" authorityName="Fouts" authorityYear="1924" box="[881,1160,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C625FF49FC3541D1" box="[881,1016,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C154FF48FB4541CE" author="Fouts, R. M." box="[1024,1160,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref2676" refString="Fouts, R. M. (1924) Revision of the North American Wasps of the Subfamily Platygasterinae. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 63 (15), 1 - 145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / SI. 00963801.63 - 2484.1" type="journal article" year="1924">Fouts, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., in having the head less transverse, female A4 not longer than A5, longer notauli and wings, and shorter basal foveae and shorter striation on T2. Another somewhat similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C78BFF31FC3A4196" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[735,1015,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C78BFF31FCE74199" box="[735,810,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. rubi</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has female A2 as long as A10, head not wider than mesosoma, and mesosoma distinctly wider than metasoma with notauli widely separated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C5C3FEF8FE614021" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,428,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C5C3FEF8FE614021" box="[151,428,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has longer female metasoma than similar species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C105FEF9FACD405E" authority="Fouts" authorityName="Fouts" authorityYear="1925" box="[1105,1280,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C105FEF9FB784021" box="[1105,1205,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
Fouts
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C05AFEF9FE9B4005" authority="(Ashmead 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astericola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C05AFEF9FA514021" box="[1294,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. astericola</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C430FE9DFD734005" authority="MacGown, 1979" authorityName="MacGown" authorityYear="1979" box="[356,702,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C430FE9DFE3A4005" box="[356,503,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. juniperina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C754FE9CFD734005" author="MacGown, M. W." box="[512,702,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref2879" refString="MacGown, M. W. (1979) The Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) Parasitic on Midges (Cecidomyiidae) Found on Conifers in Canada and the United States, Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin, 9, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1979">MacGown, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C7ADFE9DFB4E4005" authority="MacGown, 1979" authorityName="MacGown" authorityYear="1979" box="[761,1155,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhabdophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C7ADFE9DFC744005" box="[761,953,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. rhabdophagae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C696FE9CFB4E4005" author="MacGown, M. W." box="[962,1155,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref2879" refString="MacGown, M. W. (1979) The Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) Parasitic on Midges (Cecidomyiidae) Found on Conifers in Canada and the United States, Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin, 9, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1979">MacGown, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Fouts’ (1924) key
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C0D3FE9DFEEC40E9" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C0D3FE9DFEEC40E9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
traces to couplet 81, i.e. the mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C789FEA1FCA540E9" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[733,872,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astericola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C789FEA1FCA540E9" box="[733,872,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. astericola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C6DFFEA1FB2740E6" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[907,1258,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huachucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C6DFFEA1FBD240E9" box="[907,1055,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. huachucae</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, these species have the head slightly more than twice as wide as long but not wider than mesosoma, female A7–A9 each longer than wide, and slightly longer striation on T2 than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C660FE69FC1440B1" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[820,985,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C660FE69FC1440B1" box="[820,985,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species will also place in the same couplet area in the unpublished key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C70CFE0CFCEC4095" author="MacGown, M. W." box="[600,801,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref2879" refString="MacGown, M. W. (1979) The Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) Parasitic on Midges (Cecidomyiidae) Found on Conifers in Canada and the United States, Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin, 9, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1979">MacGown (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which is essentially Fouts’ (1924) key reproduced with the addition of the new species by MacGown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A652E1708FFD4C593FDF3FC584485" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51708FFD4C593FDF3FB5C43C6" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C593FDF3FEEB435A" box="[199,294,547,572]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C593FDF3FED2435D" bold="true" box="[199,287,547,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C4FAFDF4FDE2435D" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[430,559,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C4FAFDF4FDE2435D" box="[430,559,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Platygaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most commonly recorded as parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C105FDF4FB36435D" box="[1105,1275,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C05FFDF4FF3B433E" author="Krombein, K. V. & Hurd, P. D. Jr. & Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref2814" refString="Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (1979) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, vol. 1, Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. 1198 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Krombein
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C0DCFDF5FF794301" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C457FD97FE42433E" author="Gagne, R. J." box="[259,399,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref2731" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1989) The Plant-Feeding Gall Midges of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. xi + 356 p." type="book" year="1989">Gagné 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C4C8FD97FD08433E" author="Hawkins, B. A. & Gagne, R. J." box="[412,709,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="75 - 88" refId="ref2761" refString="Hawkins, B. A. & Gagne, R. J. (1989) Determinants of Assemblage Size for the Parasitoids of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Oecologia, 81 (1), 75 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00377013" type="journal article" year="1989">Hawkins and Gagné 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Masner 1993,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C622FD97FB9B433E" author="Bullock, D. G. & Bosque-Perez, N. A. & Johnson, J. B. & Merickel F. W." box="[886,1110,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" pagination="174 - 180" refId="ref2602" refString="Bullock, D. G., Bosque-Perez, N. A., Johnson, J. B. & Merickel F. W. (2004) Species Composition and Distribution of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Parasitoids in Northern Idaho. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77 (3), 174 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2317 / 0309.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bullock
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C683FD99FBDC4301" box="[983,1041,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Microhymenoptera such as these have been locally termed ”nano-hornets”, in reference to their aggressive parasitism (A. Boe, pers. comm.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C5C3FD40FE6443C9" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,425,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C5C3FD40FE6443C9" box="[151,425,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reared from late instar prepupal larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C6E0FD40FB5C43C6" box="[948,1169,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C6E0FD40FB4043C6" box="[948,1165,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chilophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgati">Chilophaga virgati</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51708FFD4C59AFD64FA4E45A5" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The midge larva is a predator on switchgrass feeding at the base of the peduncle of the developing panicle. A fungal infection is also initiated that eventually produces extensive necrosis of the peduncle and surrounding tissues, but it remains unclear whether the gall midge larvae also feed on the fungal mycelia. This portion of the developing inflorescence contains meristematic tissues that elongate as the panicle develops (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B541708FFD4C1FCFCCFFAF94256" author="Gagne, R. J." box="[1192,1332,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" refId="ref2731" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1989) The Plant-Feeding Gall Midges of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. xi + 356 p." type="book" year="1989">Gagné 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Boe and Gagné 2010). Feeding occurs during early development of the inflorescence and prior to emergence of the inflorescence from the enclosing whorl of the apical leaf. No external oviposition marks are detectable and the ovipositor is of the soft non-piercing
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B88071708FFD4C71CFC5CFDB542C5" box="[584,632,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(Boe and Gagné 2010). The ovipositor structure and egg distribution suggests that the gravid female wasp either gains access to the immature inflorescence or oviposits through gaps between overlapping parts of the whorled apical leaf. The gall midge larvae feed in groups from a few individuals to 60 or more, becoming tightly packed. As they mature the gall midge larvae consume the entirety of the peduncle base as well as adaxial tissues of the leaf sheath. This feeding causes stunting and premature death of the inflorescence (Boe and Gagné 2010), and sometimes of the terminal leaf. A diagnostic symptom of gall midge larval presence is a partially emerged witchesbroom-like malformation of the inflorescence. There is no development of a tissue structure that could be considered a gall formed from highly differentiated host cells, though sometimes there is a barely noticeable slight swelling of the culm at the point of the larval cluster within.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36A51708FFD4C593FB1FFC584485" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C459FB01FE7E4589" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[269,435,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C459FB01FE7E4589" box="[269,435,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">P. chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presumably locate and parasitize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C664FB00FC564586" box="[816,923,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chilophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C664FB00FC564586" box="[816,923,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">C. virgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs or first instar larvae by entering through either the laminar gaps of the wrapped leaf sheath and into the space within, or apically through the developing inflorescence. Though such behavior is yet to be directly observed it is consistent with observed behavior and phenological correlations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C491FAECFD174435" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[453,730,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C491FAECFD174435" box="[453,730,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be polyembryonic as there are 4–14 cocoons and pupae per prepupal midge larva that form a cluster with a single wasp pupa per cocoon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A201708FFD4C17BFA8FFBBE4416" box="[1071,1139,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1511,1534]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cocoon clusters of P. chilophagae; scale bar = 2.0 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D261708FFD4C1DDFAB0FA564419" authorityName="Johnson & Buhl & Torrez" authorityYear="2013" box="[1161,1435,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilophagae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAB71708FFD4C1DDFAB0FA564419" box="[1161,1435,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Platygaster chilophagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupal periods ranged from 5 to 15 days at 25°C and turn from light brown to partly dark brown with totally black at the end. Adults were easily reared by placing cocoon clusters in brown paper towel rolls in 8 dram shell vials capped with fine mesh screen, with emergent adults living 3–5 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |