195 lines
25 KiB
XML
195 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E4DBE1910BA6DD48C91CEC8D9DFBC886">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F890C06989BD4869727143A582D3738">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C81AFAF7FDAD171D8390CDE83A24947">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 & Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="578EB84C962D1B45DC780FE1899C9E6C">Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBA03457FAB513282204854AC27EF7CF">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 & Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3BBF5A846521FD31E547FB2F02B1303">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. & Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0727F0725EAE0631355D83EB1EB7FAB5">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD841FDE5D606FD69" ID-CoL="4S974" authority="K. Andersen, 1905" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[544,1043,622,649]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD841FDE5D125FD69" bold="true" box="[544,816,622,649]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rhinolophus eloquens</emphasis>
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K.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD938FDE5D606FD69" author="Andersen" box="[857,1043,622,649]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="648 - 662" refId="ref256356" refString="Andersen K. 1905. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribution. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7, 16 (92): 648 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443310" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="131B2A1498395A3BD8B5FD18D131FD4E" box="[724,804,659,686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,306,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[225,1363,298,1887]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 15. Distribution maps. A–B. Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1826. C–D. Rhinolophus eloquens K. Andersen, 1905. E–F. Rhinolophus fumigatus Rüppell, 1842. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860115/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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C–D
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDADCFD44D3E4FD09" ID-CoL="78QQ" authority="Hildebrandti" authorityName="Hildebrandtii Peters" authorityYear="1878" box="[189,497,719,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDADCFD44D3E4FD09" box="[189,497,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rhinolophus Hildebrandti</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDB99FD44D161FD09" ID-CoL="4S974" authority="K. Andersen, 1905: 74" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityPageNumber="74" authorityYear="1905" box="[504,884,719,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDB99FD44D075FD09" box="[504,608,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">eloquens</emphasis>
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K.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD8E8FD44D161FD09" author="Andersen" box="[649,884,719,746]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="648 - 662" refId="ref256356" refString="Andersen K. 1905. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribution. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7, 16 (92): 648 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443310" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen, 1905: 74</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198395A3BDADCFD7FD13AFCEE" blockId="37.[189,887,719,782]" box="[189,815,755,782]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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*
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDAB2FD7FD13EFCEE" ID-CoL="4S974" authority="Andersen 1905" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[211,811,755,782]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hildebrandti" subSpecies="eloquens">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDAB2FD7FD07AFCEE" box="[211,623,756,782]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rhinolophus hildebrandti eloquens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD814FD7FD13EFCEE" author="Andersen" box="[629,811,755,782]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="648 - 662" refId="ref256356" refString="Andersen K. 1905. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribution. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7, 16 (92): 648 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443310" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen 1905</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198395A3BDADCFCBED1B0FBCD" blockId="37.[189,1399,821,1069]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Although described as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD8C2FCBED129FCAF" ID-CoL="4S97P" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1878" box="[675,828,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildebrandtii">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD8C2FCBED129FCAF" box="[675,828,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">hildebrandtii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD931FCBED1ADFCAF" ID-CoL="4S974" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[848,952,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD931FCBED1ADFCAF" box="[848,952,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">eloquens</emphasis>
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was widely accepted to represent a separate species, already beginning with
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD8FCFCD1D18CFC94" author="Andersen" box="[669,921,858,885]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="648 - 662" refId="ref256356" refString="Andersen K. 1905. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribution. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7, 16 (92): 648 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443310" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen (1905: 660</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD9C5FCD1D61AFC94" author="Andersen" box="[932,1039,858,884]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref256410" refString="Andersen K. 1907. Chiropteran notes. Annali del Museo civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria " ser. 3, 3 (O. S. 43): 1 - 45. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7931441 # page / 15 / mode / 1 up [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1907">1907: 31</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 34), and further
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDEB9FCD1D767FC94" author="Allen" box="[1240,1394,858,884]" firstAuthor="Allen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 763" refId="ref255370" refString="Allen G. M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 83: 1 - 763. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2781971 # page / 7 / mode / 1 up [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1939">Allen (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDADCFCF4D3D3FC79" author="Koopman" box="[189,454,894,921]" firstAuthor="Koopman" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="353 - 444" refId="ref268702" refString="Koopman K. F. 1975. Bats of the Sudan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 154 (4): 353 - 444. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 609 [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1975">Koopman (1975: 389)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDBB3FCF5D0C7FC79" author="Simmons" box="[466,722,894,921]" firstAuthor="Simmons" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="312 - 567" refId="ref273235" refString="Simmons N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson D. E. & Reeder D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference: 312 - 567. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons (2005: 354)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD96DFCF5D604FC79" author="Cotterill F. P. D." box="[780,1041,894,921]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="323 - 325" refId="ref258609" refString="Cotterill F. P. D. 2013 a. Rhinolophus eloquens Eloquent Horseshoe Bat. In: Happold M. & Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 323 - 325. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013">Cotterill (2013a: 323)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, some authors, such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDABFFC2FD008FC5E" author="Hayman & Hill" box="[222,541,931,958]" firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref265812" refString="Hayman R. W. & Hill J. E. 1971. Order Chiroptera. In: Meester J. & Setzer H. W. (eds) The Mammals of Africa, an Identification Manual. Part 2. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington." type="book" year="1971">Hayman & Hill (1971: 22)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD81EFC28D0F2FC5D" ID-CoL="4S974" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[639,743,931,957]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD81EFC28D0F2FC5D" box="[639,743,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">eloquens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD96EFC2FD1B0FC5E" ID-CoL="4S97G" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[783,933,932,958]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD96EFC2FD1B0FC5E" box="[783,933,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. fumigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDE7DFC28D6FAFC5E" author="Kock" box="[1052,1263,931,958]" firstAuthor="Kock" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref268151" refString="Kock D. 1969. Die Fledermaus-Fauna des Sudan (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 521: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1969">Kock (1969: 121)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDBF9FC42D00BFC02" ID-CoL="4S95N" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[408,542,968,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDBF9FC42D00BFC02" box="[408,542,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. aethiops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is currently also considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDEE7FC43D6EFFC02" ID-CoL="4S97G" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[1158,1274,968,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDEE7FC43D6EFFC02" box="[1158,1274,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">fumigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDF74FC43D346FBE7" author="Cotterill F. P. D." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="323 - 325" refId="ref258609" refString="Cotterill F. P. D. 2013 a. Rhinolophus eloquens Eloquent Horseshoe Bat. In: Happold M. & Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 323 - 325. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013">Cotterill (2013a: 324)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDB9DFC66D071FBE7" ID-CoL="4S974" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[508,612,1005,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDB9DFC66D071FBE7" box="[508,612,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">eloquens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD98AFC66D64AFBE7" ID-CoL="4S97G" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[1003,1119,1005,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD98AFC66D64AFBE7" box="[1003,1119,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">fumigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDEF7FC66D73AFBE7" ID-CoL="4S97P" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1878" box="[1174,1327,1005,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildebrandtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDEF7FC66D73AFBE7" box="[1174,1327,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">hildebrandtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its size, but the dimensions show a considerable overlap (see key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A651A98395A3BDADCFBDED74FFB59" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F369198395A3BDADCFBDED74FFB59" blockId="37.[189,1398,1109,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The map presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDBA9FBDED0D2FB8F" author="Cotterill F. P. D." box="[456,711,1109,1135]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="323 - 325" refId="ref258609" refString="Cotterill F. P. D. 2013 a. Rhinolophus eloquens Eloquent Horseshoe Bat. In: Happold M. & Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 323 - 325. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013">Cotterill (2013a: 324)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows a very restricted distribution in eastern Africa, with occurrences in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BDB0FFBF1D3ABFB74" box="[366,446,1146,1172]" name="Kenya" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BDBA8FBF1D032FB74" box="[457,551,1146,1172]" name="Uganda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD853FBF1D0DFFB74" box="[562,714,1146,1172]" name="South Sudan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD8B4FBF1D120FB74" box="[725,821,1146,1172]" name="Rwanda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and extreme northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BDE0AFBF1D6BEFB74" box="[1131,1195,1146,1172]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This agrees very well with the distribution we postulate, although we believe it might also occur in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BDE8EFB14D743FB59" box="[1263,1366,1183,1209]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |