158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="13A6F9CE27656BA10DACA42DA4C2A12A">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="651A14431CFC6873CAD24EDD455D0D80">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7FFFC5FF56FE07FDA3FDD7" ID-CoL="866HM" ID-ENA="2863099" authority="Stiasny, 1938" authorityName="Stiasny" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,605,510,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Viminella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="junceelloides">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF56FE07FDA3FDD7" bold="true" box="[151,605,510,537]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF56FE07FE4CFDD6" bold="true" box="[151,434,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Viminella junceelloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FE78FE07FDA3FDD7" author="Stiasny, G." box="[441,605,510,536]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="336 - 341" refId="ref107209" refString="Stiasny, G. (1938) Diagnosen einiger neuer Gorgonarien-Arten aus dem Roten Meere. Zoologischen Anzeiger, Leipzig, 121, 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1938">Stiasny, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B7FFFC5FF56FDBAFC70FD0D" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B7FFFC5FF56FDBAFDC4FD94" author="Stiasny, G." box="[151,570,579,603]" page="340" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7FFFC5FF56FDBAFDC4FD94" ID-CoL="866HM" authority="Stiasny, 1938: 340" authorityName="Stiasny" authorityPageNumber="340" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,570,579,603]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="junceelloides">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF56FDBAFE86FD94" box="[151,376,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ellisella junceelloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FEBFFDBAFDC4FD94" author="Stiasny, G." box="[382,570,579,603]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="336 - 341" refId="ref107209" refString="Stiasny, G. (1938) Diagnosen einiger neuer Gorgonarien-Arten aus dem Roten Meere. Zoologischen Anzeiger, Leipzig, 121, 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1938">Stiasny, 1938: 340</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B7FFFC5FD86FDBAFD89FD94" box="[583,631,579,603]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Gulf</collectingRegion>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B7FFFC5FD58FDBAFD30FD94" box="[665,718,579,603]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Suez</collectingRegion>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B7FFFC5FD21FDBAFC73FD94" author="Stiasny, G." box="[736,909,579,603]" page="56" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FD21FDBAFC73FD94" author="Stiasny, G." box="[736,909,579,603]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="37 - 65" refId="ref107377" refString="Stiasny, G. (1959) Alcyonaria I. Gorgonaria aus dem Roten Meere (Sammlung Dr. R. Ph. Dollfus, Paris, aus dem Golf von Suez). In: Mission Robert Ph. Dollfus en Egypte (Decembre 1927 - Mars 1929) S. S. " Al Sayad ". Resultats Scientifiques, 3 e Partie, XXXIV, pp. 37 - 65." type="book chapter" year="1959">Stiasny 1959: 56</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. E’, pl. 4, figs.18–19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF56FD9BFC29FDB5" blockId="105.[151,1168,579,634]" box="[151,983,610,634]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B7FFFC5FF56FD9BFC29FDB5" box="[151,983,610,634]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B7FFFC5FF68FD9BFD90FDB5" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[169,622,610,634]" page="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7FFFC5FF68FD9BFD90FDB5" ID-CoL="866HM" authority="Grasshoff 2000: 108" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="2000" box="[169,622,610,634]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Viminella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="junceelloides">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF68FD9BFE68FDB5" box="[169,406,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Viminella junceelloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FE5DFD9BFD90FDB5" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[412,622,610,634]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff 2000: 108</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 192–194 (Northern
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B7FFFC5FCB5FD9BFC32FDB5" box="[884,972,610,634]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF56FD51FC70FD0D" blockId="105.[151,910,680,707]" box="[151,910,680,707]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B7FFFC5FF56FD09FF34FA84" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF56FD09FED7FCC5" blockId="105.[151,1436,752,851]" box="[151,297,752,778]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF06FCEDFC67FC9D" blockId="105.[151,1436,752,851]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF06FCEDFC4DFCE1" box="[199,947,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FC04FCECFB29FCE1" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[965,1239,788,815]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FBDCFCECFBAFFCE1" box="[1053,1105,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 28
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 11, fig. A–C (Guitor Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FEE5FCC1FDB9FC9D" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[292,583,824,851]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FE54FCC0FE38FC9D" box="[405,454,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2017: 248
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 115, fig. A–C (Guitor Is.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF06FC78FDE4FB81" blockId="105.[151,1437,896,1355]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FF06FC78FE67FC55" box="[199,409,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B7FFFC5FE1AFC79FDCBFC55" box="[475,565,896,922]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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species was first diagnosed by Stiasny in 1938, but no sclerites were illustrated. They were figured, however, in a later paper (1959) published some years after the authors death. In that paper the colony was described as unbranched and slender, with the polyps standing on all sides, but often also arranged in rows so that smooth intermediate stripes are formed. The coenenchymal sclerites include double spheres and double spindles about
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B7FFFC5FE87FBE9FE13FBE4" box="[326,493,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.08 mm</quantity>
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long with a smooth neck, and also small, densely covered, spherical formations: colony colour dark reddish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7FFFC5FF06FBA1FF34FA84" blockId="105.[151,1437,896,1355]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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The descriptions given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FE3BFBA0FD12FBBD" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[506,748,1112,1139]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FD90FBA0FD7AFBBD" box="[593,644,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FCE7FBA1FBD6FBBD" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[806,1064,1112,1139]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7FFFC5FC5BFBA0FC33FBBD" box="[922,973,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
are identical, but the taxonomic detail is not completely known as most of their text is taken word-for-word from the description given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7FFFC5FAEFFB85FF1BFB75" author="Grasshoff, M." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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. The sclerites illustrated by the Indian authors are quite different from those figured by Stiasny. They do not have the extended, clear neck zones and the long narrow spindles and the small spherical formations are missing. Additionally, their colony is white and lacks the bare spaces between the rows of polyps. We include Grasshoff’s material as a synonym only tentatively as he reported the sclerites up to
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and those of the polyps up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B7FFFC5FAAAFAF5FF38FA84" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |