199 lines
25 KiB
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199 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ABE18E30574C701E9C7313878725BCD7">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DE15F97AD9F21CA3E86736E8C6F92C2">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F14F06155639A246134AB315837C24ED">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D8C5936B189EB77AE561DD948C51BED">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0676B5868A09576A9FDEC3851DB8C538">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B7BFFC1FF56FE22FAF3FA10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639856" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639856" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B7BFFC1FF56FE22FAF3FA10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B7BFFC1FF56FE22FAF3FA10" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B7BFFC1FF56FE22FE0DFE3B" box="[151,499,474,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF56FE22FE0DFE3B" blockId="109.[151,499,474,501]" box="[151,499,474,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B7BFFC1FF56FE22FE0DFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,499,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7BFFC1FF56FE22FE0DFE3B" ID-CoL="3Q78C" ID-ENA="1074818" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,499,474,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hippuris">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF56FE22FE0DFE3B" bold="true" box="[151,499,474,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF56FE22FED0FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,302,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Isis hippuris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FEF4FE23FE0DFE3B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[309,499,474,500]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref103941" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae. Editio Decima, reformata 1. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FC24FDB0" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FBBAFDF8" blockId="109.[151,1092,543,568]" box="[151,1092,543,568]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FBBAFDF8" box="[151,1092,543,568]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FE15FDF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3918509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3918509" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5200DEB8-87C6-4DFA-B316-5A3832B89C35" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,491,543,567]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3409A4E935E524A80537219EB9BD7700" page="799" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FE15FDF8" ID-CoL="3Q78C" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 799" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="799" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,491,543,567]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hippuris">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF56FDD9FEEBFDF8" box="[151,277,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Isis hippuris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FEDDFDE6FE15FDF8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[284,491,543,567]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref103941" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae. Editio Decima, reformata 1. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 799</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(unknown locality);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B7BFFC1FD01FDD9FC13FDF8" author="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J." box="[704,1005,543,568]" page="55" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FD01FDD9FC13FDF8" author="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J." box="[704,1005,543,568]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="937 - 991" refId="ref99065" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J. (1987) New and previously known taxa of isidid octocorals (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea), partly from Antarctic waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100 (4), 937 - 991." type="journal article" year="1987">Bayer & Stefani 1987: 55–57</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1–7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF56FD9CFC24FDB0" blockId="109.[151,986,613,640]" box="[151,986,613,640]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Opinion: It is not possible to determine if this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B7BFFC1FF56FD54FAF3FA10" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF56FD54FED7FD08" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,891]" box="[151,297,685,711]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF06FD28FEADFCB4" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,891]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF06FD28FC67FD24" box="[199,921,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FC68FD28FB40FD23" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[937,1214,721,748]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="421 - 434" refId="ref106768" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1906) The structure of Isis hippuris, Linnaeus. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 29 (194), 421 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1906. tb 00443. x" type="journal article" year="1906">Simpson 1906: 425–432</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig. a–i; pl. 43, fig. 1–4 (Andamans);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FEA3FD0CFCF8FCC0" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[354,774,757,783]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 184–190</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig. 76. Fig. 77 a–i (Andamans);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FB45FD0CFF3FFCFC" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 111</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1v 1–3, 2a (Andaman Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FDEBFCE0FCB8FCFC" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[554,838,793,819]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 131–132</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 95, fig. 1–1e (Andaman and Nicobar Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FA8EFCE3FEB8FC98" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF56FCC7FF36FC98" box="[151,200,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 44
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 19, fig. A–E (Andaman and Nicobar Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FCFFFCC4FBA0FC98" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[830,1118,829,856]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FC6FFCC7FC20FC98" box="[942,990,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 308
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 145, fig. A–E (Andaman and Nicobar Is.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF06FC53FDF9FABC" blockId="109.[151,1437,937,1504]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF06FC53FE60FC0C" box="[199,414,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FE71FC53FD3FFC0C" author="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J." box="[432,705,937,964]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="937 - 991" refId="ref99065" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J. (1987) New and previously known taxa of isidid octocorals (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea), partly from Antarctic waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100 (4), 937 - 991." type="journal article" year="1987">Bayer & Stefani (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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detailed many morphologically different forms of putative
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B7BFFC1FAB4FC53FF0AFC28" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hippuris">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FAB4FC53FF0AFC28" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Isis hippuris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
specimens from the
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B7BFFC1FE24FC34FD9DFC28" box="[485,611,973,999]" name="Philippines" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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and the Ryukyus across to
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B7BFFC1FC61FC37FBAEFC28" box="[928,1104,973,1000]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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that showed a huge range of sclerite forms, and Rowley
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FE11FC0BFDFCFBC4" box="[464,514,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015) suggested there may have been two different species at her study sites in
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B7BFFC1FF56FBECFEF6FBE0" box="[151,264,1045,1071]" name="Indonesia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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. The first record of the species occurring in the region is that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FC01FBECFB8BFBE0" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[960,1141,1045,1071]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="421 - 434" refId="ref106768" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1906) The structure of Isis hippuris, Linnaeus. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 29 (194), 421 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1906. tb 00443. x" type="journal article" year="1906">Simpson (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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, but his material contained quite different sclerites in the tentacles and its identity was questioned by Bayer & Stephani. Unfortunately, none of the other descriptions of Indian specimens assigned to this species mention the tentacle sclerites, and the surface sclerites the authors illustrate are different from those shown by Simpson and also by Bayer & Stephani (1987).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FF56FB5FFE7EFB70" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[151,384,1189,1216]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1567 - 1575" refId="ref103536" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019 b) Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (10), 1567 - 1575." type="journal article" year="2019">
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||
Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FF2AFB5FFEDCFB70" box="[235,290,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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lists the species and present a very small underwater image of a colony that seems to be similar to those from the Indo-Pacific generally assigned to this species, but the colonies figured by Simpson,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FAF3FB30FE95FAC8" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FEB9FB17FD98FAC8" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[376,614,1261,1288]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FE0FFB17FDFEFAC8" box="[462,512,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FD5FFB14FC65FAC8" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[670,923,1261,1287]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FCCEFB17FCB7FAC8" box="[783,841,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have a different and quite an unusual growth form. The descriptive texts given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FDF7FAE8FD0FFAE4" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[566,753,1297,1323]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FCE9FAE8FBDAFAE4" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[808,1060,1297,1323]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FC58FAEBFC2CFAE4" box="[921,978,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are identical, but the illustrations are different, there being only naked colony axes in the 2011 paper. The illustrations in the 2017 paper are the same as those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FED5FAA3FDFDFABC" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[276,515,1369,1396]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FEA8FAA3FE64FABC" box="[361,410,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B7BFFC1FF06FA84FAF3FA10" blockId="109.[151,1437,937,1504]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FF06FA84FE12FA58" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[199,492,1405,1431]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FDE4FA87FCFFFA58" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[549,769,1405,1432]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just list the species, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FBDEFA87FB04FA57" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[1055,1274,1405,1432]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FBB4FA87FB59FA58" box="[1141,1191,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FAC7FA84FABEFA58" author="Geetha, S. & Kumar, J. S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[1286,1344,1405,1431]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref100797" refString="Geetha, S., Kumar, J. S. Y, Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018) Space competition studies between Briareum violaceum (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea) and scleractinian corals in Shark Island, north Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Studies, 47 (12), 2390 - 2394." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) list the species and provide an image of part of the material from 2014 and 2017 papers mentioned above.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FACDFA5BFF0EFA10" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1567 - 1575" refId="ref103536" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019 b) Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (10), 1567 - 1575." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FAA3FA5BFA6BFA74" box="[1378,1429,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lists the species and provide a colony image, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B7BFFC1FCF7FA3FFBDFFA10" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[822,1057,1477,1504]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B7BFFC1FC4AFA3FFC42FA10" box="[907,956,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just lists the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |