222 lines
26 KiB
XML
222 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="64C7F970DB1D568F5A26342DE5D68FDE" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B74FFCEFF56FD45FEB2F8A5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Verrucella diadema Grasshoff 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="385FC9507E6B78DDFF1BF69F7E56C01A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="11CA143B5989A6A5FA9ED2286FA0ACCF">
|
||
<mods:title id="1C6B1352D459CE5D72AD1122F4C8D8A0">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8A11F69236645B4EBC5BBD4E38A2EDCD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1E127D3AB9553105C5F912CF7BC1416E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5B639D5BBAD390A68414C7BC23C228EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="99FF96B4A0B5B2D167C2EBF22628AD21">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE14762792F1CBFB8EC22236951F859B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5028-9058</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D9C2A06986D04464107258D0B0EF4DC9" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D86273C83736282584A5F51AC50D9524" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F0A272188E2136EDA3BE9AC943EDC29F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E0F4AD32B3978656A9C054DD091BC2D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A80D61886EAF5D15F825EB7D65401FF3">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="617FC3BDC575C84F4CA59F299C0E70F9" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5801-4681</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ACAC074FD0BE6FD5C5565714C8360645" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BA8F8DB0894B591FD4B38D85ADF05748" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6D24FE6AEBB99C443A82EA91E0B2FD9C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C970C2243120894210AF8A96C517F85B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5B6AFBA7026B5F57FD82633D641D8A0A">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1141A33A7CBE833FA6CB16F5B936429C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5028-9058</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="81CED9EA9577149793F1CC2520D5AE66" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8826E3A8ECAADDB9C7044A91D170B1F9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9C9B78406514DCCD7722B6A9D525D23C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="59A24498E8E90FF080F1BFB4CE72874F">
|
||
<mods:title id="296786C59B0CC19B53F5FB26EEBB3FEF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2F11A8D6547A4DB85DEE7488E989EA86">
|
||
<mods:date id="1CF99F67B6033B0E37A02EAE5BACB00D">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CF4B9A5F46A38FE720AA704311C90C63" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="30E347700F017C27AA493AD3D5EE96DB">2023-02-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="26637F33E2FACE32CB2338DBF02B9D09" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F9B4B6F212382B52F892C48F52612916">5236</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0695FA8B8931AF814BF666557BB52C32" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="36D382F7841C6BD02D044F337C5B4CDE">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="334E3757D5AE35B77426E09F26AA481F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0CFB87976BB35D1F7A5B487666B2EBE6">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="875F19172BDA29EC1633950BEDB47035">124</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1C60AED37B30754A17BE6A91DB4D5BC6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="474D9006C3424E1C6FA8B051D21B304F" type="CLB-Dataset">54753</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A376714A0FCE5B35CFCF216FF23ED18E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F0CD8D997074994D3DFFAA2E87FBF9CC" type="GBIF-Dataset">64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1F562DC621EF25D7C3AEDFF7D9571585" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="185F564EA2A003231FEDAF9361808F49" type="Zenodo-Dep">7639327</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1AD1B493BE87257222D29260F54AEC23" type="ZooBank">796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0388B6417B74FFCEFF56FD45FEB2F8A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640993" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7640993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B74FFCEFF56FD45FEB2F8A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B74FFCEFF56FD45FEB2F8A5" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B74FFCEFF56FD45FDB1FD19" box="[151,591,700,727]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF56FD45FDB1FD19" blockId="98.[151,591,700,727]" box="[151,591,700,727]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B74FFCEFF56FD45FDB1FD19" bold="true" box="[151,591,700,727]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFF56FD45FDB1FD19" ID-CoL="5B8K6" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,591,700,727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diadema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFF56FD45FDB1FD19" bold="true" box="[151,591,700,727]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFF56FD45FE7DFD18" bold="true" box="[151,387,700,727]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella diadema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFE4BFD45FDB1FD19" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[394,591,700,726]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B74FFCEFF56FD05FB25FC4F" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF56FD05FC33FCDB" blockId="98.[151,973,764,788]" box="[151,973,764,788]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B74FFCEFF56FD05FC33FCDB" box="[151,973,764,788]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B74FFCEFF56FD05FDCEFCDB" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,560,764,788]" page="83" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" year="1999">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFF56FD05FDCEFCDB" ID-CoL="5B8K6" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 83" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,560,764,788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diadema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFF56FD05FEA0FCDB" box="[151,350,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella diadema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFEA4FD05FDCEFCDB" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[357,560,764,788]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 139; pl. 11, fig. 1 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B74FFCEFCDEFD05FC3DFCDB" box="[799,963,764,788]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF56FCBBFB25FC4F" blockId="98.[151,1437,834,896]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Opinion: There is not enough evidence that this species occurs in the region, and the material is probably the same as some of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFE41FC9FFDB2FC4F" ID-CoL="84VMY" authority="Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857" box="[384,588,870,896]" family="Ellisellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFE41FC9FFE0BFC4F" box="[384,501,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFD29FC9FFC5DFC4F" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[744,931,870,896]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFC18FC9FFB29FC4F" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[985,1239,870,896]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFB8BFC9EFB85FC4F" box="[1098,1147,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B74FFCEFF56FC57FEB2F8A5" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF56FC57FED7FC07" blockId="98.[151,1436,942,1041]" box="[151,297,942,968]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Justification:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF06FC2BFB13FBDF" blockId="98.[151,1436,942,1041]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFF06FC2BFC55FC23" box="[199,939,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFC7CFC2BFB54FC23" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[957,1194,978,1004]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 117</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 76;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFACAFC2BFEF6FBDF" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFAA3FC2AFA6BFC23" box="[1378,1429,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a: 36
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 15, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFDBDFC0FFC61FBDF" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[636,927,1014,1040]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFD2DFC0EFCE0FBDF" box="[748,798,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017: 264
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 123, fig. 1–1d (SE coast).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF06FBC0FD8DFAC9" blockId="98.[151,1437,1080,1899]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFF06FBC0FE65FB9D" box="[199,411,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Literature analysis</emphasis>
|
||
: The accounts given of the Indian material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFC6CFBC1FB96FB9C" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[941,1128,1080,1107]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFB61FBC1FA62FB9C" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1184,1436,1080,1107]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFAD0FBC0FABDFB9D" box="[1297,1347,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are identical but provide figures only and no description. The authors refer instead to Grasshoff’s original text and state that the “dimension of the sclerites agree”, but the scale on their figures shows the sclerites are much larger, and they are also a different shape. The double heads and double spindles are broad, densely tuberculated, and have a distinct but very short waist, whereas those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B74FFCEFD14FB31FCC9FB2D" box="[725,823,1224,1250]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are slender, sparsely tuberculated, and any waist is just a bare region between girdles of tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF06FAE8FE41F9A1" blockId="98.[151,1437,1080,1899]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
On the other hand, the account given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFD72FAE8FC53FAE4" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[691,941,1296,1323]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFCCCFAE8FCBCFAE5" box="[781,834,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does give a description, but this piece of text “…
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFEC1FACCFEB8FA80" box="[256,326,1333,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, the side and end branches only 0.4–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFC52FACCFC0FFA80" box="[915,1009,1333,1359]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The main branch is free of polyps; on thin branches the polyps are biserially arranged and slightly elevated” and (minus the measurements) “The coenenchyme are small double heads only {0.05–0.06} mm long; elongated mostly very slender sclerites of the polyps are longer, {
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFEB6FA59FDD2FA75" box="[375,556,1440,1467]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
}” is taken directly from Grasshoff’s paper. The colony and sclerites figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFF7AFA3CFE52FA10" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[187,428,1476,1503]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFED3FA3CFEBAFA11" box="[274,324,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are quite different from those presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFC65FA3DFB9DFA10" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[932,1123,1476,1503]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFB5AFA3DFA62FA10" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1179,1436,1476,1503]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFACEFA3CFABFFA11" box="[1295,1345,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and represent a different species. These sclerites include spindles that, according to the text, are only a little longer than the size of the double heads,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFDB2F9F5FCE2F9E8" box="[627,796,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFC7AF9F5FB98F9E8" box="[955,1126,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but those in the figure are much larger than the double heads—up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B74FFCEFDBFF9C8FD1AF984" box="[638,740,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long according to the scale, which are twice as long as those reported for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B74FFCEFE93F9ADFE45F9A1" box="[338,443,1620,1646]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B74FFCEFF06F981FEB2F8A5" blockId="98.[151,1437,1080,1899]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The specimen used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFE0BF981FD7BF95C" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[458,645,1656,1683]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFD7CF981FC44F95C" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[701,954,1656,1683]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFCEEF980FC9EF95D" box="[815,864,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has a bilateral polyp distribution and from the available data, and allowing for some slight differences in sclerite dimensions (where they are reported), it appears to be the same species as the material they assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFCA5F939FAE2F914" authority="Fernando, 2017" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2017" box="[868,1308,1728,1755]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichromata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFCA5F939FB9EF915" box="[868,1120,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella dichromata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFBA9F939FAE2F914" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1128,1308,1728,1755]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">Fernando, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFAE9F939FE2DF930" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ixoboloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFAE9F939FEE6F931" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella ixoboloides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFEE1F91DFE2DF930" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[288,467,1764,1791]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFDCEF91DFC65F930" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[527,923,1764,1791]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFDCEF91DFD1FF931" box="[527,737,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFD28F91DFC65F930" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[745,923,1764,1791]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they may all be the same as some of the material used for their description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFDF2F8F1FBAAF8ED" authority="(Ellis & Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis & Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[563,1108,1800,1827]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="umbraculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFDF2F8F1FCC2F8ED" box="[563,828,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella umbraculum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFC88F8F1FBB2F8ED" author="Ellis, J. & Solander, D." box="[841,1100,1800,1827]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref100426" refString="Ellis, J. & Solander, D. (1786) The Natural History of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected by the late John Ellis and systematically arranged and described by the Daniel Solander. Benjamin White & Son, London, xii + 208 pp., 63 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2145" type="book" year="1786">Ellis & Solander, 1786</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B74FFCEFB9FF8F0FAC4F8EC" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[1118,1338,1800,1827]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFB73F8F0FB1DF8ED" box="[1202,1251,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just lists the species and provide the colony image from the 2014 paper above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B74FFCEFC75F8D5FB6FF889" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[948,1169,1836,1862]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diadema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B74FFCEFC75F8D5FB6FF889" box="[948,1169,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Verrucella diadema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B74FFCEFF56F8A8FEB6F8A5" box="[151,328,1872,1899]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |