208 lines
25 KiB
XML
208 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="897499D69EACA26480283E655E178872">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E5151E922BAC34866D38F3220361B3E">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="298F35EE8636A303D550AD3009275BF2">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D910F0B438FC1208DE34E093776078D">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7174D1EED54BFD67084F21711C0D0E65" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="576DFECB4897F0C8DB473C80518EF2AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="358E074C1946B6132FB3DE567CB70F76">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B5EFFE5FF56F887FBD8FBDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639621" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291221" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B5EFFE5FF56F887FBD8FBDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B5EFFE5FF56F887FBD8FBDE" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5EFFE4FF56F887FD25F857" box="[151,731,1918,1945]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56F887FD25F857" blockId="72.[151,731,1918,1945]" box="[151,731,1918,1945]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B5EFFE4FF56F887FD25F857" bold="true" box="[151,731,1918,1945]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF56F887FD25F857" authority="(Thomson & Simpson, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,731,1918,1945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56F887FD25F857" bold="true" box="[151,731,1918,1945]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56F887FE91F856" bold="true" box="[151,367,1918,1945]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia tenuis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FEBFF887FD2DF857" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[382,723,1918,1944]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5EFFE5FF56F847FBF5FF7E" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56F847FB66F819" blockId="72.[151,1176,1982,2006]" box="[151,1176,1982,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B5EFFE4FF56F847FB66F819" box="[151,1176,1982,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B5EFFE4FF56F847FD03F819" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[151,765,1982,2006]" page="232" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF56F847FD03F819" ID-CoL="86Y6C" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 230 - 232" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityPageNumber="230 - 232" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,765,1982,2006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56F847FE89F81A" box="[151,375,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Acamptogorgia tenuis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FEBCF847FD03F819" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[381,765,1982,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 230–232</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 4&8; pl.8, fig. 7 (Andamans).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5FFFE5FF56FF6EFBF5FF7E" blockId="73.[151,1035,151,177]" box="[151,1035,151,177]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Opinion: This species does occur in the region but its true identity is unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5FFFE5FF56FF26FBD8FBDE" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5FFFE5FF56FF26FED7FF36" blockId="73.[151,1437,223,357]" box="[151,297,223,249]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5FFFE5FF06FEFAFE9AFEAA" blockId="73.[151,1437,223,357]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF06FEFAFC83FED2" box="[199,893,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FC48FEFAFBA6FED2" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[905,1112,258,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 55</bibRefCitation>
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, pl.32, fig. 1–1e (Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FF56FEDEFE5CFE8E" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[151,418,295,321]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF2CFEDEFEDEFE8E" box="[237,288,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 88
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 41, fig A–E (Guitor Island, Middle Andaman);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FC31FEDEFAE6FE8E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1008,1304,295,321]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FBA3FEDEFB6BFE8E" box="[1122,1173,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 117
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 53, fig. 1–1e (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5FFFE5FF06FE6AFC44FD66" blockId="73.[151,1437,403,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF06FE6AFE63FE62" box="[199,413,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The species was originally described as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FCBCFE6AFB88FE63" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[893,1142,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FCBCFE6AFB88FE63" box="[893,1142,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Acamptogorgia tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Andamans with illustrations of a reticulate colony and a few sclerites, and at present most of the characteristics of the species are unknown. A non-reticulate colony from Providence Island (then part of
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B5FFFE5FC70FE22FBDEFE3A" box="[945,1056,475,501]" name="Mauritius" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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) was later illustrated and assigned to this species by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FEA2FE06FD64FDD6" author="Thomson, J. A. & Russell, E. S." box="[355,666,511,537]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="139 - 164" refId="ref108715" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Russell, E. S. (1910) Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. Part 1, the Axifera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 13 (2), 139 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00515. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Thomson & Russell (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FD19FE06FC61FDD6" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[728,927,511,537]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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included the species when dealing with taxa he grouped as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FE85FDDAFE11FDF2" box="[324,495,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FE85FDDAFE11FDF2" box="[324,495,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Echinomuricea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but only as an uncertain identification.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FC0DFDDAFB3CFDF2" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[972,1218,547,573]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FBE4FDDAFBA7FDF2" box="[1061,1113,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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record material as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FF56FDBEFE9FFDAF" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,353,583,609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF56FDBEFE9FFDAF" box="[151,353,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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erroneously citing the authorship as “(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FCDDFDBEFC3FFDAE" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[796,961,583,609]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref104884" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. bureau of fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34 (1624), 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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)” and the prime reference as Thomson & Henderson (1909). Their colony does not have the growth form of a
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FC78FD92FBC9FD4A" box="[953,1079,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FC78FD92FBC9FD4A" box="[953,1079,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and there are no characteristic
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FF56FD76FEEBFD66" box="[151,277,655,681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF56FD76FEEBFD66" box="[151,277,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sclerites in their figure despite describing them in their text.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5FFFE5FF06FD4AFBD8FBDE" blockId="73.[151,1437,403,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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In their identical accounts,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FE36FD4AFD4FFD02" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[503,689,691,717]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FD29FD4AFC1CFD02" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[744,994,691,717]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FC99FD4AFC74FD02" box="[856,906,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attributed material to this species but it appears quite a different species. These authors record the calicular thorn scales as having an apparently foliaceous projection
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B5FFFE5FED3FD02FE57FCDA" box="[274,425,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, while those of Thomson & Simpson’s specimen have a spine-like projection only
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B5FFFE5FF56FCE7FEC5FCF6" box="[151,315,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="0.2625" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.025">0.025–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. They also figure one of the typical forms of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FC7FFCE6FBC2FCF6" box="[958,1084,799,825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FC7FFCE6FBC2FCF6" box="[958,1084,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coenenchymal sclerite that has a complex foliaceous upper portion and 3–4 root-like legs, a form that is not mentioned in Thomson & Simpson’s account. Similar to their description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FDB1FC9EFBB1FC4E" authority=", Fernando (2011)" authorityName=", Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[624,1103,871,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FDB1FC9EFC82FC4E" box="[624,892,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FC4EFC9EFBB1FC4E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[911,1103,871,897]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FB50FC9EFA62FC4E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1169,1436,871,897]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FAC6FC9EFABBFC4E" box="[1287,1349,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mistakenly cite an occurrence in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FDD0FC72FD6BFC6A" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[529,661,907,933]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref98812" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1981) Status of knowledge of octocorals of world seas. Seminarios de Biologia Marinha, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1981, 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a synonym. That publication is a key in which the species is not mentioned. Bayer only illustrated a typical thornscale from the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FC7DFC56FB97FC06" box="[956,1129,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FC7DFC56FB97FC06" box="[956,1129,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Acamptogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FBB8FC56FB17FC06" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1145,1257,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Brandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FBB8FC56FB17FC06" box="[1145,1257,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Brandella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FAE3FC56FA6BFC06" box="[1314,1429,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Aschiphasmatidae" genus="Perisceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FAE3FC56FA6BFC06" box="[1314,1429,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Perisceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are all synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5FFFE5FE05FC2AFDBCFC22" box="[452,578,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FE05FC2AFDBCFC22" box="[452,578,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Villogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FD91FC2AFCD6FC22" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[592,808,979,1005]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just list the species under the original name, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FA8FFC2AFEE4FBDE" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5FFFE5FF56FC0EFF31FBDE" box="[151,207,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5FFFE5FEE4FC0EFEA1FBDE" author="Geetha, S. & Kumar, J. S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[293,351,1015,1041]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref100797" refString="Geetha, S., Kumar, J. S. Y, Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018) Space competition studies between Briareum violaceum (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea) and scleractinian corals in Shark Island, north Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Studies, 47 (12), 2390 - 2394." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) list the species and figure the specimen from their 2014 paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |