162 lines
19 KiB
XML
162 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="34C212370E620E51C9306C9CE786AB05">
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<mods:title id="ABACAE436158709FB3498087E7BE8930">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="181A66788AB52DBCD5693FDF0E0AB8BB">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1FFC873476686BDC2888A4E2A7E31D6A" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A145D9EA99C411FE2A0D2345E59B62DC">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="59E5093D4390128FFDBFB34416906A29" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7938CFDD2FA1843E98C687E5EE1E6D81">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD63EB1AE6A76DBF5636A9E604ADFA66" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E13ACA231D4408460A444582B6EB31D1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="732C7A021ED50DD226D979D29317D4B0">
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<mods:date id="517F3F106FD0713035A2F4DEF0476247">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F7C3348E94DBB92C124AD2213F174B77">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65893D896A3685AB10179C80EA15CF13">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFAE9F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFAE9F8F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFAE9F8F7" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFD23FB11" box="[151,733,1219,1246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFD23FB11" blockId="72.[151,733,1219,1246]" box="[151,733,1219,1246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFD23FB11" bold="true" box="[151,733,1219,1246]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFD23FB11" bold="true" box="[151,733,1219,1246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFDA3FB11" authority="Thomson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,605,1219,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubricata" status="nom. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56FB3AFE68FB11" bold="true" box="[151,406,1219,1246]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia rubricata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FE5FFB3DFDA3FB11" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[414,605,1220,1246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266663E7B5EFFE4FDA5FB3DFD23FB11" box="[612,733,1220,1246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FD59FA48" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FC51FAEE" blockId="72.[151,943,1288,1343]" box="[151,943,1288,1313]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FC51FAEE" box="[151,943,1288,1313]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FDBCFAEF" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[151,578,1288,1312]" page="26" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FDBCFAEF" authority="Thomson, 1905: 26" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,578,1288,1312]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF56FAF0FE8AFAEF" box="[151,372,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Acamptogorgia rubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FEBBFAF1FDBCFAEF" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[378,578,1288,1312]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson, 1905: 26</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, text-fig. 1, pl. fig. 5 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B5EFFE4FCE1FAF1FC95FAEF" box="[800,875,1288,1312]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
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Seas).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56FADEFC70FAF0" blockId="72.[151,943,1288,1343]" box="[151,910,1319,1343]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B5EFFE4FF56FADEFC70FAF0" box="[151,910,1319,1343]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B5EFFE4FF68FADEFC74FAF0" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[169,906,1319,1343]" page="230" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF68FADEFC74FAF0" authority="Thomson & Simpson 1909: 229 - 230 (Andamans)" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[169,906,1319,1343]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF68FADEFE78FAF0" box="[169,390,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Acamptogorgia rubra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FE4AFADEFCFDFAF0" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[395,771,1319,1343]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 229–230</bibRefCitation>
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(Andamans)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56FA94FD59FA48" blockId="72.[151,679,1389,1416]" box="[151,679,1389,1416]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5EFFE4FF56FA4CFAE9F8F7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF56FA4CFED7FA00" blockId="72.[151,1437,1461,1848]" box="[151,297,1461,1487]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5EFFE4FF06FA23FAE9F8F7" blockId="72.[151,1437,1461,1848]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF06FA23FE64FA3C" box="[199,410,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FE66FA20FD9FFA3B" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[423,609,1497,1524]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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described a small colony fragment as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FBC8FA23FB02FA3C" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[1033,1276,1497,1524]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FBC8FA23FB02FA3C" box="[1033,1276,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Acamptogorgia rubra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from “
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B5EFFE4FA88FA20FA62FA3C" box="[1353,1436,1497,1523]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
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seas” and figured portion of a branch and some stylised sclerite drawings. More material was recorded a little later by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FF7BF9D8FE05F9F4" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[186,507,1569,1595]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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from the Andamans, but with no illustrations. As Thomson was the original author it is assumed that the Indian specimens were probably conspecific with the Sri Lankan sample, but the species is essentially unrecognisable. Despite this,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FD46F990FCA0F94C" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[647,862,1641,1667]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting (1910: 72)</bibRefCitation>
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attributed Indonesian material to this species and transferred it to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FE0CF974FDB5F968" box="[461,587,1677,1703]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FE0CF974FDB5F968" box="[461,587,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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while apparently unaware that
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FC7AF974FBB5F968" author="Hiles, I. L." box="[955,1099,1677,1703]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref102744" refString="Hiles, I. L. (1899) s. n. In: The Gorgonacea collected by Dr. Willey. Zoological Results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere collected during the years 1895, 1896 and 1897, by Arthur Willey. Part 2. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 195 - 206." type="book chapter" year="1899">Hiles (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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had earlier erected a species named
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FF28F948FE50F904" authorityName="Hiles" authorityYear="1899" box="[233,430,1713,1739]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FF28F948FE50F904" box="[233,430,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia rubra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Funafuti.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FD9EF948FCDBF904" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[607,805,1713,1739]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred the species to the genus
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FB7AF948FADDF904" box="[1211,1315,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Periceles</emphasis>
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and Hiles’ species to the genus
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FE47F92CFE03F920" box="[390,509,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FE47F92CFE04F920" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[390,506,1749,1775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Brandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Brandella</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Both
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FD84F92CFD3EF920" box="[581,704,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Periscleles</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FD3AF92CFC95F920" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[763,875,1749,1775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Brandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FD3AF92CFC95F920" box="[763,875,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Brandella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are considerd junior synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FB3DF92CFA84F920" box="[1276,1402,1749,1775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FB3DF92CFA84F920" box="[1276,1402,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so we nominate the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FDEAF900FCE5F8DC" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1905" box="[555,795,1785,1811]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FDEAF900FCE5F8DC" box="[555,795,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Villogorgia rubricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for Thomson’s species in the hope that it will one day be redescribed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5EFFE4FEE7F8E7FE01F8F8" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[294,511,1821,1848]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just list the species under the old original name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5EFFE4FBDDF8E7FAEFF8F8" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[1052,1297,1821,1848]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5EFFE4FBDDF8E7FAEFF8F8" box="[1052,1297,1821,1848]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Acamptogorgia rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |