171 lines
20 KiB
XML
171 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D0F082AF4386CBB9D6985B0AAAFE5EE8">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B2D0476F4A24530C1266A7B08D41242">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD3812F5CF1FB272F11CB7E5D8F21B9C">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E451832D43F43BC78622DD914F2DECAC">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B5DFFE0FF56FB05FB4EFF36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B5DFFE0FF56FB05FB4EFF36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B5DFFE0FF56FB05FB4EFF36" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5DFFE7FF56FB05FC8BFAD8" box="[151,885,1276,1303]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF56FB05FC8BFAD8" blockId="75.[151,885,1276,1303]" box="[151,885,1276,1303]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B5DFFE7FF56FB05FC8BFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,885,1276,1303]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF56FB05FC8BFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,885,1276,1303]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FF56FB05FD16FAD9" authority="(Tixier-Durivault, 1972)" authorityName="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[151,744,1276,1303]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF56FB05FE4BFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,437,1276,1303]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Leptogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FE05FB05FD1EFAD9" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[452,736,1276,1302]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="11 - 68" refId="ref108981" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1972) Nouvel rapport d'octocoralliaires de Madagascar et des iles avoisinantes. Tethys Supplement, 3, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1972">Tixier-Durivault, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266663E7B5DFFE7FD31FB04FC8BFAD8" box="[752,885,1277,1303]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FC7DFABE" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FC77FA9D" blockId="75.[151,905,1338,1393]" box="[151,905,1338,1362]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FC77FA9D" box="[151,905,1338,1362]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FD5AFA9D" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[151,676,1338,1362]" page="47" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1972">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FD5AFA9D" ID-CoL="3W3J7" authority="Tixier-Durivault, 1972: 47" authorityName="Tixier-Durivault" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,676,1338,1362]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Lophogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF56FAC3FE71FA9D" box="[151,399,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lophogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FE54FAC3FD5AFA9D" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[405,676,1338,1362]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="11 - 68" refId="ref108981" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1972) Nouvel rapport d'octocoralliaires de Madagascar et des iles avoisinantes. Tethys Supplement, 3, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1972">Tixier-Durivault, 1972: 47</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 19 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B5DFFE7FD3CFAC3FC80FA9D" box="[765,894,1338,1362]" name="Madagascar" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF56FAA0FC7DFABE" blockId="75.[151,905,1338,1393]" box="[151,899,1369,1393]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B5DFFE7FF56FAA0FC7DFABE" box="[151,899,1369,1393]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FF56FAA0FE3CFABE" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[151,450,1369,1393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Psudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF56FAA0FE3CFABE" box="[151,450,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Psudopterogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new comb.)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B5DFFE7FD8FFAA0FC81FABE" author="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S." box="[590,895,1369,1393]" page="88" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FD8FFAA0FC81FABE" author="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S." box="[590,895,1369,1393]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref110861" refString="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S. (2001) A revision of the Indo-West Pacific taxa of the gorgonian genus Pseudopterogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), with the description of a new species from western India. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 71 - 95." type="journal article" year="2001">Williams & Vennam 2001: 88</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5DFFE7FF56FA66FCC7F986" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF56FA66FC70FA76" blockId="75.[151,910,1439,1466]" box="[151,910,1439,1466]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF56FA1EFED7F9CE" blockId="75.[151,1436,1511,1610]" box="[151,297,1511,1537]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF06F9F2FCC7F986" blockId="75.[151,1436,1511,1610]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF06F9F2FC56F9EA" box="[199,936,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FC78F9F2FB26F9E9" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[953,1240,1547,1574]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 104–105</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 63, fig. 2–2c (Uvari);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FF39F9D6FDE2F986" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[248,540,1583,1610]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FEA8F9C9FE64F986" box="[361,410,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 209
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 96, fig. 1–1c (Uvari).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B5DFFE0FF06F981FB4EFF36" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE7FF06F981FDA3F842" blockId="75.[151,1437,1655,2042]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FF06F981FE65F95E" box="[199,411,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: Tixier-Durivault’s description of this taxon as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FC71F98EFB3CF95E" authorityName="Tixier-Durivault" authorityYear="1972" box="[944,1218,1655,1681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Lophogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FC71F98EFB3CF95E" box="[944,1218,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lophogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is very inadequate. As is often the case with that author’s works the sclerite drawings are extremely poor and do not match the text, and consequently the species is unrecognisable. William & Vennam (2001) interpreted some of the sclerite drawings as indistinct scaphoids, presumably H and I in figure 19, and transferred the species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FB7EF91AFA6BF932" baseAuthorityName="Williams & Lindo" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1215,1429,1763,1789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pseudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FB7EF91AFA6BF932" box="[1215,1429,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pseudopterogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although these sclerites are not actually curved they are asymmetrical and have larger warts on one side, but it is the side with the greatest, and not the lessor, convexity. It is more likely the original diagnosis was correct, but the name should be
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FE8AF8A9FDADF8A6" authorityName="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[331,595,1871,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FE8AF8A9FDADF8A6" box="[331,595,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Leptogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FDB6F8B6FCF6F8A6" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[631,776,1871,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Lophogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FDB6F8B6FCF6F8A6" box="[631,776,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lophogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FC02F8A9FBB2F8A6" box="[963,1100,1872,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FC02F8A9FBB2F8A6" box="[963,1100,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: there are a number of species of this genus off the east coast of Africa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B5DFFE0FF06F86EFB4EFF36" blockId="75.[151,1437,1655,2042]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
The accounts of the Indian material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FDAEF86EFCD9F87E" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[623,807,1943,1969]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B5DFFE7FC98F86EFBB3F87E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[857,1101,1943,1970]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FC09F861FC09F87E" box="[968,1015,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are identical and the specimen described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FEE6F842FD8EF81A" baseAuthorityName="Tixier-Durivault" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[295,624,1979,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Psudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thomassini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FEE6F842FD8EF81A" box="[295,624,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Psudopterogorgia thomassini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually appears to be a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5DFFE7FC38F845FB7CF81A" box="[1017,1154,1980,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5DFFE7FC38F845FB7CF81A" box="[1017,1154,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the colony form is not pinnate and there does not appear to be any scaphoids among the figured sclerites. But, unlike the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B5DFFE7FB30F826FAADF836" box="[1265,1363,2015,2041]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the species, their colony does not have branches with a medial groove, the polyps are all around and not biserial, and the spindles have 2–9 whorls of warts and not 2–4. Their specimen appears to be extremely similar to, and perhaps the same as, their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B5AFFE0FEA0FF26FD40FF36" box="[353,702,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pseudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vedalaiensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B5AFFE0FEA0FF26FD40FF36" box="[353,702,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pseudopterogorgia vedalaiensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen described in the same two papers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |