206 lines
25 KiB
XML
206 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="F7985247F32682C0A8E204D69DBF6196" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B51FFEBFF56FD35FE97F961" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Villogorgia ceylonensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EAD10DD5E9AF6AC700D8D446968D80C0">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A960E88FEDB00BDD0600D2ED33E1B79B">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A515B3833AC0EDBE9991C2F382364098" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6BDEBEE4952808C526BA5DE17B7D6E50">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68D2C62EF1138CFF2804CF1813387B9D">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1A3E96528045AC84406E35D93AA1BC4" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2BB7156EB01AB7B4EA301FED0EACD7E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5AE91FA609AC88E1ECD2659C12455B29">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2A1A04C0124950C74E426A0EEFA9630D">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B51FFEBFF56FD35FE97F961" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639611" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639611" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B51FFEBFF56FD35FE97F961" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B51FFEBFF56FD35FE97F961" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B51FFEBFF56FD35FCC4FD29" box="[151,826,716,743]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF56FD35FCC4FD29" blockId="71.[151,826,716,743]" box="[151,826,716,743]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B51FFEBFF56FD35FCC4FD29" bold="true" box="[151,826,716,743]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFF56FD35FCC4FD29" ID-CoL="7G3P7" authority="(Thomson & Henderson, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,826,716,743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFF56FD35FCC4FD29" bold="true" box="[151,826,716,743]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFF56FD35FE4FFD28" bold="true" box="[151,433,716,743]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Villogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFE7EFD35FCCFFD29" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[447,817,716,743]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B51FFEBFF56FCE8FD59FCBE" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF56FCE8FB88FCE6" blockId="71.[151,1142,785,809]" box="[151,1142,785,809]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B51FFEBFF56FCE8FB88FCE6" box="[151,1142,785,809]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B51FFEBFF56FCE8FCEBFCE6" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,789,785,809]" page="292" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFF56FCE8FCEBFCE6" ID-CoL="8KPW3" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 292" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,789,785,809]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFF56FCE8FE53FCE6" box="[151,429,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Echinomuricea ceylonensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFE72FCE8FCEBFCE6" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[435,789,785,809]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 292</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 6, fig. 6 (West of Periya Paar).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF56FCAEFD59FCBE" blockId="71.[151,679,855,882]" box="[151,679,855,882]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B51FFEBFF56FC66FE97F961" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF56FC66FED7FC76" blockId="71.[151,1437,927,1062]" box="[151,297,927,953]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF06FC3AFE2AFBEA" blockId="71.[151,1437,927,1062]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFF06FC3AFC60FC12" box="[199,926,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFC6CFC3AFAE4FC12" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[941,1306,963,989]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 230</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFAE7FC3AFED1FBCE" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFA49FC3DFF53FBCE" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
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. 1998: 162
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1E, 1–4 (SW coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFD95FC1EFCD4FBCD" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[596,810,999,1026]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 54</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 31, fig. 1–1e (SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFBB5FC1EFA69FBCD" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1140,1431,999,1026]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFB24FC11FAE9FBCE" box="[1253,1303,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 115
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 52, fig. 1–1e (SW coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF06FBADFE9CFA42" blockId="71.[151,1437,1107,1710]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFF06FBADFE62FBA2" box="[199,412,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B51FFEBFC59FBAAFBF9FBA2" box="[920,1031,1107,1133]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFBEFFBAAFA9CFBA2" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1070,1378,1107,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinomuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFBEFFBAAFA9CFBA2" box="[1070,1378,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Echinomuricea ceylonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with only a colony illustration.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFE0BFB8EFCEAFB5E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[458,788,1143,1169]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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reassigned the species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFB7CFB8EFA94FB5E" box="[1213,1386,1143,1169]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFB7CFB8EFA94FB5E" box="[1213,1386,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Acamptogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and described a colony without giving a location or presenting any illustrations. Oddly they stated that the coenchyme was white but also that the colony was dark red.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFD06FB46FBC6FB15" author="Thomson, J. A. & Russell, E. S." box="[711,1080,1215,1242]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="139 - 164" refId="ref108715" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Russell, E. S. (1910) Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. Part 1, the Axifera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 13 (2), 139 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00515. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Thomson & Russell (1910: 152)</bibRefCitation>
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retained the reassignment with specimens from the Chagos Archipelago “that seem to be identical” with the original material, but provided no illustrations.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFEE8FAFEFE0EFAEE" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[297,496,1287,1313]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred the species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFC46FAFEFC04FAEE" box="[903,1018,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Aschiphasmatidae" genus="Perisceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFC46FAFEFC04FAEE" box="[903,1018,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Perisceles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Both
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFB84FAFEFB0CFAEE" box="[1093,1266,1287,1313]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFB84FAFEFB0CFAEE" box="[1093,1266,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Acamptogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFAE8FAFEFA62FAEE" box="[1321,1436,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Aschiphasmatidae" genus="Perisceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFAE8FAFEFA62FAEE" box="[1321,1436,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Perisceles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are considered synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFE22FAD2FD9FFA8A" box="[483,609,1323,1349]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFE22FAD2FD9FFA8A" box="[483,609,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Villogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and that name was used for Madagascan material identified by TixierDurivault (1966: 412), despite the sclerites of the original material never having been described, meaning the species is unrecognisable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B51FFEBFF06FA6EFE97F961" blockId="71.[151,1437,1107,1710]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFF06FA6EFE51FA7E" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[199,431,1431,1458]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFEE6FA61FEA6FA7E" box="[295,344,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a specimen under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFC98FA6EFBADFA7E" box="[857,1107,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Aschiphasmatidae" genus="Perisceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFC98FA6EFBADFA7E" box="[857,1107,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Perisceles ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sclerite illustrations, but erroneously cited
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFE9AFA42FD76FA1A" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[347,648,1467,1493]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFE9AFA42FD76FA1A" box="[347,648,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Acanthogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFD69FA42FC1CFA1A" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[680,994,1467,1493]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a synonym instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFB2EFA42FEE6FA36" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFB2EFA42FEE6FA36" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Acamptogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The publications of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFDC3FA26FD45FA36" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[514,699,1503,1529]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFD2EFA26FC1BFA36" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[751,997,1503,1530]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFC9FFA19FC70FA36" box="[862,910,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both describe the same specimen under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFEC7F9FAFDF0F9D2" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[262,526,1539,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFEC7F9FAFDF0F9D2" box="[262,526,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Villogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and cite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFDB6F9FAFBF1F9D2" authority="Bayer, 1981" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1981" box="[631,1039,1539,1566]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFDB6F9FAFC80F9D2" box="[631,894,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Villogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFC47F9FDFBF1F9D2" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[902,1039,1539,1566]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref98812" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1981) Status of knowledge of octocorals of world seas. Seminarios de Biologia Marinha, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1981, 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 927) as a synonym. But in that key Bayer simply included the 3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFDCEF9DEFD73F98E" box="[527,653,1575,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Villogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFDCEF9DEFD73F98E" box="[527,653,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Villogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonyms,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFCD4F9DEFC3CF98E" box="[789,962,1575,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acamptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFCD4F9DEFC3CF98E" box="[789,962,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Acamptogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFC13F9DEFBBCF98E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[978,1090,1575,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Brandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFC13F9DEFBBCF98E" box="[978,1090,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Brandella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B51FFEBFBBBF9DEFB13F98E" box="[1146,1261,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Aschiphasmatidae" genus="Perisceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B51FFEBFBBBF9DEFB13F98E" box="[1146,1261,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Perisceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and illustrated a typical thornscale from each in fig. 50 with no reference to any species. Because the species is unidentifiable, it is impossible to say if the Indian material described by all of these authors is conspecific with that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B51FFEBFAD4F996FE98F961" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |