196 lines
23 KiB
XML
196 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C9D8E5365F08AA4F8BDA853FDAC4728A">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25640D7DBA89AF515365BAECA53C6BF3">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CEEC981AB560B86ABE58BBDF5C7E67C">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6862281F26275E2F721D260CB98D2ED3">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="422A5026F0BFCC2B9138618C5B3255DC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4AB1B4A23B503D237F7F26CBF5AAC260">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B4DFFF0FF56FA2FFCDCFEAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640985" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7640985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B4DFFF0FF56FA2FFCDCFEAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B4DFFF0FF56FA2FFCDCFEAB" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFD4AFA3F" box="[151,692,1494,1521]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFD4AFA3F" blockId="91.[151,692,1494,1521]" box="[151,692,1494,1521]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFD4AFA3F" bold="true" box="[151,692,1494,1521]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFD4AFA3F" ID-CoL="3K58B" ID-ENA="86608" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,692,1494,1521]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFD4AFA3F" bold="true" box="[151,692,1494,1521]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF56FA2FFE82FA3E" bold="true" box="[151,380,1494,1521]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Heliania racemosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FE4AFA2FFD52FA3F" author="Wright E. & Studer, T." box="[395,684,1494,1520]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref110920" refString="Wright E. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report of the Scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 31 (4), I - IXXII, 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FDE1F940" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FC6AF99D" blockId="91.[151,1437,1563,1679]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FC6AF99D" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FD4BF9FC" author="Wright E. & Studer, T." box="[151,693,1563,1587]" page="160" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1889">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FD4BF9FC" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889: 159 - 160" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="159 - 160" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,693,1563,1587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF56F9E2FEA9F9FC" box="[151,343,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Juncella racemosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FE9EF9E2FD4BF9FC" author="Wright E. & Studer, T." box="[351,693,1563,1587]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref110920" refString="Wright E. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report of the Scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 31 (4), I - IXXII, 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 159–160</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 34, fig. 11 (
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FC9DF9E2FC2FF9FC" authority="Gray, 1832" box="[860,977,1563,1587]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stylocordylidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FC9DF9E2FC2FF9FC" box="[860,977,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Hyalonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ground,
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B4DFFF7FBEEF9E2FB93F9FC" box="[1071,1133,1563,1587]" name="Japan" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Japan</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4DFFF7FBBEF9E2FEDEF99D" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." page="268" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FBBEF9E2FEDEF99D" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 268–269</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Andamans);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4DFFF7FE70F9C3FD66F99D" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[433,664,1594,1618]" page="54" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1910">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FE70F9C3FD66F99D" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[433,664,1594,1618]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson, 1910: 54–56</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs. 20–23 (Andmans).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56F9A1FC70F9BE" blockId="91.[151,1437,1563,1679]" box="[151,910,1624,1649]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4DFFF7FF56F9A1FC70F9BE" box="[151,910,1624,1649]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4DFFF7FF56F9A1FD20F9BE" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,734,1624,1649]" page="82" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FF56F9A1FD20F9BE" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1906: 81 - 82" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="81 - 82" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,734,1624,1649]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniacea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF56F9A1FEA2F9BF" box="[151,348,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Junceella miniacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FEA3F9A1FD20F9BE" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[354,734,1624,1649]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson, 1906: 81–82</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 5, figs. 7, 12.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56F98EFDE1F940" blockId="91.[151,1437,1563,1679]" box="[151,543,1655,1679]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B4DFFF7FF56F98EFDE1F940" box="[151,543,1655,1679]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4DFFF7FF63F98EFDE5F940" author="Gray, J. E." box="[162,539,1655,1679]" page="481" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1859">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FF63F98EFDE5F940" ID-CoL="3K58C" authority="Gray, 1859: 481" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="481" authorityYear="1859" box="[162,539,1655,1679]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinescens">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF63F98EFE93F940" box="[162,365,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Heliania spinescens</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FEB5F98EFDE5F940" author="Gray, J. E." box="[372,539,1655,1679]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="479 - 486" refId="ref101729" refString="Gray, J. E. (1859) Description of some new genera of lithophytes or stony zoophytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859, 479 - 486." type="journal article" year="1859">Gray, 1859: 481</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4DFFF7FF56F944FCC4F918" box="[151,826,1725,1752]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56F944FCC4F918" blockId="91.[151,826,1725,1752]" box="[151,826,1725,1752]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Opinion: There is evidence this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4DFFF0FF56F8FCFCDCFEAB" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF7FF56F8FCFED7F8D0" blockId="91.[151,1436,1797,2040]" box="[151,297,1797,1823]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4DFFF0FF06F8D3FEF5FED2" blockId="91.[151,1436,1797,2040]" lastBlockId="92.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FF06F8D3FE62F88C" box="[199,412,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was collected from deep water off
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B4DFFF7FC08F8D3FBF7F88B" box="[969,1033,1834,1860]" name="Japan" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Japan</collectingCountry>
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and originally described by Wright and Studer as
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FEF9F8B4FDEAF8A8" box="[312,532,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FEF9F8B4FDF1F8A8" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[312,527,1869,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">Juncella racemosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
In their1906 monograph, Thomson & Henderson described a new species from the Andamans,
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FE84F888FDE0F844" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1906" box="[325,542,1905,1931]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniacea">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FE84F888FDE0F844" box="[325,542,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Junceella miniacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, failing to see that it was very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FC28F888FB42F844" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1001,1212,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FC28F888FB42F844" box="[1001,1212,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Juncella racemosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because of the very stylised sclerite images presented by Wright and Studer. Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FCB9F86CFB3DF860" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[888,1219,1941,1967]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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||
claimed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FAF0F86CFF00F81C" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1906" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FAF0F86CFF00F81C" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Junceella miniacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the same as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4DFFF7FE14F840FD52F81C" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[469,684,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4DFFF7FE14F840FD52F81C" box="[469,684,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Juncella racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after having examined Wright & Studer’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B4DFFF7FB66F843FB29F81B" box="[1191,1239,1978,2004]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of the latter, and synonymised the two.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4DFFF7FDDDF824FD2DF838" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[540,723,2013,2039]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned a specimen from the Andamans to this species and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4AFFF0FF56FF6EFE86FF7E" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,376,151,177]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref105077" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910 d) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition VII. The Gorgonellidae. Siboga- Expeditie Monographs, 13 b 3, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting (1910d: 21)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B4AFFF0FD67FF6EFCEDFF7E" box="[678,787,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
but gave no confirming illustrations. The only reasonable sclerite figures for the species are those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4AFFF0FDB3FF42FCDEFF1A" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[626,800,187,213]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson (1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 23), which show small differences from the sclerites figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4AFFF0FED4FF26FDC4FF36" author="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M." box="[277,570,223,249]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="21 - 45" refId="ref98951" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M. (1994) The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J. E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74 (1 / 2), 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1994">Bayer & Grasshoff (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4AFFF0FD7FFF26FC5EFF37" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[702,928,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4AFFF0FD7FFF26FC5EFF37" box="[702,928,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Heliania spinescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may be a senior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4AFFF0FA89FF26FEFAFED3" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
Heliani
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4AFFF0FF56FEFAFEFAFED3" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,260,259,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydatellaceae" genus="Juncella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">racemosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4AFFF0FF06FEDEFCDCFEAB" blockId="92.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4AFFF0FF06FEDEFE61FE8E" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[199,415,295,321]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the species under the original name but erroneously cited the author as Valenciennes, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4AFFF0FF07FEB2FE09FEAA" author="Venkataraman, K. & Jeyabaskaran, R. & Raghuram, K. P. & Alfred, J. R. B." box="[198,503,331,357]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 468" refId="ref109845" refString="Venkataraman, K., Jeyabaskaran, R., Raghuram, K. P. & Alfred, J. R. B. (2004) Bibliography and checklist of corals and coral reef associated organisms of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Kolkatta, Occasional Paper, 226, 1 - 468." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Venkataraman
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4AFFF0FEACFEB2FE60FEAA" box="[365,414,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4AFFF0FD83FEB2FCDCFEAB" box="[578,802,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4AFFF0FD83FEB2FCE0FEAB" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1906" box="[578,798,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miniacea">Junceella miniacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |