157 lines
18 KiB
XML
157 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6CD2D4D73FC38217568551685C3FAE9B">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE7C1F9A52334B3B33029239A11ACB53">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F3D265F2A3617D3DF3C05C5AD7BC548">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFEF4F9C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639681" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFEF4F9C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFEF4F9C5" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFC62FD5E" bold="true" box="[158,924,631,658]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFC62FD5E" ID-CoL="4P975" ID-ENA="1306263" authority="(Thomson & Henderson, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[158,924,631,658]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pseudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrotincta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFC62FD5E" bold="true" box="[158,924,631,658]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF5FFD8EFDEDFD5D" bold="true" box="[158,531,631,658]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pseudopterogorgia rubrotincta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFDE3FD8EFC6AFD5E" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[546,916,631,657]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B47FFFDFF56FD45FD59FCF5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF56FD45FBFAFD1B" blockId="81.[151,1028,699,754]" box="[151,1028,699,724]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B47FFFDFF56FD45FD02FD1B" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,764,699,724]" page="307" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B47FFFDFF56FD45FD02FD1B" ID-CoL="866P5" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 307" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="307" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,764,699,724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Lophogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrotincta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF56FD45FE6DFD1B" box="[151,403,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lophogorgia rubrotincta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFE5BFD45FD02FD1B" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[410,764,699,724]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 307</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4, fig. 12 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B47FFFDFC51FD45FC07FD1B" box="[912,1017,700,724]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF56FD23FC11FD3D" blockId="81.[151,1028,699,754]" box="[151,1007,730,754]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B47FFFDFF56FD23FE2FFD3D" ID-CoL="4P975" baseAuthorityName="Thomson & Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,465,730,754]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pseudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrotincta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF56FD23FE2FFD3D" box="[151,465,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pseudopterogorgia rubrotincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new comb.)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B47FFFDFD9FFD23FC70FD3D" author="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S." box="[606,910,730,754]" page="88" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFD9FFD23FC70FD3D" author="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S." box="[606,910,730,754]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref110861" refString="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S. (2001) A revision of the Indo-West Pacific taxa of the gorgonian genus Pseudopterogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), with the description of a new species from western India. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 71 - 95." type="journal article" year="2001">Williams & Vennam 2001: 88</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 12b.
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF56FCD9FD59FCF5" blockId="81.[151,679,800,827]" box="[151,679,800,827]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B47FFFDFF56FC91FEF4F9C5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF56FC91FED7FC4D" blockId="81.[151,1436,872,971]" box="[151,297,872,898]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF06FC75FD7CFC04" blockId="81.[151,1436,872,971]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF06FC75FD9BFC69" box="[199,613,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">These Indian records could be valid</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFDB7FC75FC69FC68" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[630,919,908,935]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 102–103</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 63, fig. 1–1c (SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFB2FFC75FEBDFC04" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFAA3FC74FA6BFC69" box="[1378,1429,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 207–208
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 95, fig. 1–1c (SE coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF06FC00FE19FAFC" blockId="81.[151,1437,1016,1546]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFF06FC00FE5EFBDD" box="[199,416,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B47FFFDFC76FC01FBD4FBDD" box="[951,1066,1016,1042]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B47FFFDFB98FC01FA8BFBDD" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1113,1397,1016,1042]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Lophogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrotincta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFB98FC01FA8BFBDD" box="[1113,1397,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lophogorgia rubrotincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFF56FBE5FE10FBF8" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,494,1052,1079]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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who only provided a very brief and poor description with a figure of a small portion of the colony but no illustrations of sclerites. Other than some data on the colony form, these authors only remarked that the sclerites were rough spindles commonly
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x
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, but many much shorter, and that there was a median line of red sclerites along the flattened faces of the yellow stem and branches. Fortunately, the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B47FFFDFAFBFB71FA62FB6D" box="[1338,1436,1160,1186]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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was re-examined by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFE4BFB55FD30FB08" author="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S." box="[394,718,1196,1223]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref110861" refString="Williams, G. C. & Vennam, J. S. (2001) A revision of the Indo-West Pacific taxa of the gorgonian genus Pseudopterogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), with the description of a new species from western India. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 71 - 95." type="journal article" year="2001">Williams & Vennam (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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, who transferred the species to the genus
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFB7EFB55FA62FB09" box="[1215,1436,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B47FFFDFB7EFB55FA66FB09" baseAuthorityName="Williams & Lindo" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1215,1432,1196,1222]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pseudopterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pseudopterogorgia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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figured some sclerites, and remarked that “The specimen is orange red with a thin red medial line. The sclerites do not exceed
|
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in length. Most scaphoids are indistinct but a few are more distinctly developed with smooth tubercles on the convex side.”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B47FFFDFF0EFAC5FEF4F9C5" blockId="81.[151,1437,1016,1546]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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The descriptions of the Indian material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFD77FAC5FC8CFA98" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[694,882,1340,1367]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B47FFFDFC6DFAC5FB55FA98" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[940,1195,1340,1367]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B47FFFDFBDFFAC4FBAFFA99" box="[1054,1105,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are identical, but the sclerite images are too small to see the required detail, so it is impossible to tell which sclerites are scaphoids and if they have smooth tubercles on the convex side. The colony is described as having “pink” sclerites around each polyp aperture making it a “conspicuous red spot”, with a “red band on either side of the light yellow broad median longitudinal planar surfaces of the sides of the branches.” It therefore seems likely that their material is correctly identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |