175 lines
19 KiB
XML
175 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A5518C586C1538F65C2AA866B8ED4484">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C68C35AD00E5A9175D2480B941E57DB">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDFB46B0D226AB825D8E5BB1AD0B6116">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83BCB7414E163292D51FD8D887DBFC8B">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="897239235EA1CE464AB2C1D9BEC43049">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="618086623E1B75B7C9835D51CBE12D98">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B45FFFFFF56FC34FF0EF962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639691" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B45FFFFFF56FC34FF0EF962" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B45FFFFFF56FC34FF0EF962" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B45FFFFFF56FC34FDB2FC28" box="[151,588,973,1000]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF56FC34FDB2FC28" blockId="83.[151,588,973,1000]" box="[151,588,973,1000]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B45FFFFFF56FC34FDB2FC28" bold="true" box="[151,588,973,1000]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B45FFFFFF56FC34FDB2FC28" ID-CoL="85XYR" authority="(Klunzinger, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Klunzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,588,973,1000]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Rumphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF56FC34FDB2FC28" bold="true" box="[151,588,973,1000]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF56FC34FEA3FC27" bold="true" box="[151,349,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Rumphella torta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFEADFC34FDBAFC28" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[364,580,973,999]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref102955" refString="Klunzinger, C. B. (1877) Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. I. Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Enslin), Berlin, 98 pp." type="book" year="1877">Klunzinger, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B45FFFFFF56FBEBFC24FB5E" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF56FBEBFCFDFBE5" blockId="83.[151,771,1042,1097]" box="[151,771,1042,1066]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B45FFFFFF56FBEBFDF2FBE5" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[151,524,1042,1066]" page="52" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1877">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B45FFFFFF56FBEBFDF2FBE5" authority="Klunzinger, 1877: 52" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,524,1042,1066]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF56FBEBFED5FBE5" box="[151,299,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Plexaura torta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFEF3FBEBFDF2FBE5" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[306,524,1042,1066]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref102955" refString="Klunzinger, C. B. (1877) Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. I. Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Enslin), Berlin, 98 pp." type="book" year="1877">Klunzinger, 1877: 52</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 10 (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B45FFFFFD5EFBEBFD06FBE5" box="[671,760,1042,1066]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF56FBC9FD86FB86" blockId="83.[151,771,1042,1097]" box="[151,632,1072,1097]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B45FFFFFF56FBC9FD86FB86" box="[151,632,1072,1097]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B45FFFFFF56FBC9FDF8FB87" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,518,1072,1097]" page="56" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B45FFFFFF56FBC9FDF8FB87" ID-CoL="85XYR" authority="Grasshoff 2000: 56" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,518,1072,1097]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Rumphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torta">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF56FBC9FEC2FB87" box="[151,316,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Rumphella torta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFE82FBC9FDF8FB87" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[323,518,1072,1097]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff 2000: 56</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(
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||
<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B45FFFFFDD2FBC9FD93FB86" box="[531,621,1072,1097]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF56FB8EFC24FB5E" blockId="83.[151,986,1143,1169]" box="[151,986,1143,1169]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Opinion: It is not possible to determine if this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B45FFFFFF56FB46FF0EF962" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF56FB46FED7FB16" blockId="83.[151,1437,1215,1349]" box="[151,297,1215,1241]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF06FB1AFF02FA8A" blockId="83.[151,1437,1215,1349]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF06FB1AFC27FB32" box="[199,985,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFC2CFB1AFAF2FB32" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[1005,1292,1250,1277]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFB88FB1AFB7EFB32" box="[1097,1152,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 58
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 26, fig. A–E (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B45FFFFFF1FFAFEFDAEFAEE" box="[222,592,1287,1313]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFDA6FAFEFC5CFAEE" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[615,930,1287,1313]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFD21FAFEFCE8FAEE" box="[736,790,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 222
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 106, fig. A–E (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B45FFFFFB4DFAFEFF11FA8A" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF06FA8AFD84F98E" blockId="83.[151,1436,1395,1709]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFF06FA8AFE5EFA42" box="[199,416,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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||
: This species, originally named
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFCE7FA8AFC2BFA43" box="[806,981,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B45FFFFFCE7FA8AFC2CFA43" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityYear="1877" box="[806,978,1395,1421]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="torta">Plexaura torta</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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forms large bushy colonies with long drooping end branches. The descriptions of an Indian specimen given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFC26FA6EFB24FA7E" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[999,1242,1431,1457]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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||
Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFBFFFA6EFB8CFA7E" box="[1086,1138,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFAD4FA6EFEF9FA1A" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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||
Fernando
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFA49FA6EFF53FA1A" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
are identical but it is difficult to tell whether their material is the same as this taxon because, although their colony looks like this species, the authors only figure nine sclerites (two of which are identical) and most of sclerite forms that are well illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFD98F9FAFCE9F9D2" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[601,791,1539,1565]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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||
are not included in their figure. This species has only been reported from the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B45FFFFFEA3F9DEFE40F98E" box="[354,446,1575,1601]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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||
and East Africa.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B45FFFFFF06F9B2FF0EF962" blockId="83.[151,1436,1395,1709]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFF06F9B2FE59F9AA" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[199,423,1610,1637]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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||
Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFEDEF9B2FEADF9AA" box="[287,339,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFE74F9B2FE11F9AA" author="Geetha, S. & Kumar, J. S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[437,495,1611,1637]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref100797" refString="Geetha, S., Kumar, J. S. Y, Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018) Space competition studies between Briareum violaceum (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea) and scleractinian corals in Shark Island, north Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Studies, 47 (12), 2390 - 2394." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) lists the species and presents one of the colony images from the 2014 and 2017 papers above.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFEF8F996FDD6F946" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[313,552,1647,1673]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1567 - 1575" refId="ref103536" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019 b) Diversity and distribution of shallow water octocorallia from Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, South Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (10), 1567 - 1575." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFE4EF996FE3FF946" box="[399,449,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lists the species with a colony image, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B45FFFFFBE0F996FAF0F946" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[1057,1294,1647,1673]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B45FFFFFBB7F996FB56F946" box="[1142,1192,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just lists the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |