123 lines
14 KiB
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123 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D99F3EC8D941CF2C7893D3E9E29B145F">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="260B5DB721B62C3DABBFE6CABE744C89">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="692CE19D115182889B731AD24337FF6B" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DEBA8DB2D9117837649C147BD017480D">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E21A78B1E207337D8DEBCE0C18A48A82" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9638E3652011DAA2ADDD937EAE52F2A7">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="08EF6AA980CAD2208DB8E9A46BD84862">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B720EEB5766A48517FCF5CA46A4AC5F6">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4776646C1315424A793D2BB7AE8878BD">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FF2B837EEBB1F16D609698AECA406B9C">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B30FF8BFF56F9FEFBC8FF1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639410" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B30FF8BFF56F9FEFBC8FF1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B30FF8BFF56F9FEFBC8FF1A" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B30FF8AFF56F9FEFCF5F9ED" box="[151,779,1543,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8AFF56F9FEFCF5F9ED" blockId="38.[151,779,1543,1570]" box="[151,779,1543,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B30FF8AFF56F9FEFCF5F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,779,1543,1570]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B30FF8AFF56F9FEFCF5F9ED" ID-CoL="5VDSH" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1909" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,779,1543,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFF56F9FEFCF5F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,779,1543,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFF56F9FEFE4CF9ED" bold="true" box="[151,434,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Anthogorgia glomerata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFE78F9F1FCF5F9ED" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[441,779,1544,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B30FF8AFF56F9B5FD59F962" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8AFF56F9B5FB6FF9AB" blockId="38.[151,1169,1612,1637]" box="[151,1169,1612,1637]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B30FF8AFF56F9B5FB6FF9AB" box="[151,1169,1612,1637]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B30FF8AFF56F9B5FCF5F9AB" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[151,779,1612,1637]" page="195" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B30FF8AFF56F9B5FCF5F9AB" ID-CoL="5VDSH" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 194 - 195" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityPageNumber="194 - 195" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,779,1612,1637]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFF56F9B5FE7BF9AB" box="[151,389,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Anthogorgia glomerata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFE4AF9B5FCF5F9AB" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[395,779,1612,1637]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson, 1909: 194–195</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 2, fig. 8, pl. 3, fig 11 (Andamans).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8AFF56F96AFD59F962" blockId="38.[151,679,1683,1709]" box="[151,679,1683,1709]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B30FF8BFF56F922FBC8FF1A" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8AFF56F922FED7F93A" blockId="38.[151,1437,1755,2033]" box="[151,297,1755,1781]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8AFF06F906FC6BF8F2" blockId="38.[151,1437,1755,2033]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFF06F906FC40F8D6" box="[199,958,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFC13F906FB24F8D6" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[978,1242,1791,1817]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 31–32</bibRefCitation>
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, pl.10, fig. 2–2c (Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFEECF8DAFDBCF8F2" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[301,578,1826,1853]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFE5FF8DAFE31F8F2" box="[414,463,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 57
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 22, fig. 1–1c (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B30FF8BFF06F8BEFBC8FF1A" blockId="38.[151,1437,1755,2033]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFF06F8BEFE62F8AE" box="[199,412,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described from the region but lacked any sclerite illustrations and as the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B30FF8AFEC9F892FE94F84A" box="[264,362,1899,1925]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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has never been redescribed, the species is essentially unrecognisable. However, the authors stated that the coenenchyme only contained spindles and included a drawing of a branch fragment with polyp clusters to support this. Consequently, the identical accounts given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFC88F84AFBF9F802" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[841,1031,1971,1997]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B30FF8AFB82F84AFAB7F802" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1091,1353,1971,1997]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFB76F84AFB15F802" box="[1207,1259,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, which describe and figure numerous “4 radiated capstans” is not conspecific. Also, the spindles in species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B30FF8AFAD1F82EFA63F83E" box="[1296,1437,2007,2033]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B30FF8AFAD1F82EFA63F83E" box="[1296,1437,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Anthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur in very large numbers and have conspicuously large warts, which does not match the illustrations in the Indian publications.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFEEFFF42FDF9FF1A" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[302,519,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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just listed the species and provide no new record.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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