200 lines
25 KiB
XML
200 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="416E7CC034DF6D7977DDA16857A4769C">
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<mods:title id="E27111F018D9B18C2C59A45815FE5815">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="64A78191A13FC68C224529106EDC0DE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5EBC0C9DA679364FF82059BD20CE22F6">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="896234AD6F46DBF8037F6450D21BE72D" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1E04AA9EE6038BC4AE912A0ACD50399">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1720995A714B2C490E4EDF499E4DB665">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C7FFCC4B65658C6091D8551BCB0C9EB" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="823AC64E0791FDF9F3A52697093880AF">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC932B741D00AF98829F8F466182E94F" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CB468688048D070B4699F29F75C767F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D626D0EEAC6CF6542E9BFA4F65396CB8">
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<mods:date id="2502C8DF8C3A559A7861ABBC05B76514">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ECBFCFD723DA28EE4DD055F3CB23E21C">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E54FEE78EF952B53DB5006D319FCF09C">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B28FF92FF56FF6EFBA4FB1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639531" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B28FF92FF56FF6EFBA4FB1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B28FF92FF56FF6EFBA4FB1B" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FF6EFD5CFF7E" box="[151,674,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FF6EFD5CFF7E" blockId="62.[151,674,151,178]" box="[151,674,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B28FF92FF56FF6EFD5CFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,674,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FF6EFD5CFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,674,151,178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF56FF6EFDDFFF7E" authority="(Ridley, 1888)" authorityName="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,545,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indiensis" status="nom. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FF6EFE90FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,366,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indiensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FEBCFF6EFDE7FF7E" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[381,537,151,177]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="223 - 247" refId="ref106138" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1888) Report on the alcyoniid and gorgoniid Alcyonaria of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Indian Museum. The Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 21, 223 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459020" type="journal article" year="1888">Ridley, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266663E7B28FF92FDE8FF6EFD5CFF7E" box="[553,674,151,177]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FF22FD77FE52" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FF22FC76FF3B" blockId="62.[151,904,219,305]" box="[151,904,219,244]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B28FF92FF56FF22FC76FF3B" box="[151,904,219,244]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B28FF92FF56FF22FDD9FF3B" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[151,551,219,244]" page="234" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1888">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF56FF22FDD9FF3B" ID-CoL="8N82X" authority="Ridley, 1888: 233 - 234" authorityName="Ridley" authorityPageNumber="233 - 234" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,551,219,244]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FF22FEC7FF3C" box="[151,313,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plexaura indica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FE81FF22FDD9FF3B" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[320,551,219,244]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="223 - 247" refId="ref106138" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1888) Report on the alcyoniid and gorgoniid Alcyonaria of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Indian Museum. The Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 21, 223 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459020" type="journal article" year="1888">Ridley, 1888: 233–234</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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pl. 18; fig. 1–5 (King Island Bay).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FF03FD15FEDD" blockId="62.[151,904,219,305]" box="[151,747,250,274]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B28FF92FF56FF03FD15FEDD" box="[151,747,250,274]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B28FF92FF56FF03FDBFFEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,577,250,274]" page="245" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF56FF03FDBFFEDD" ID-CoL="8SMH8" authority="Kukenthal 1919: 245" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,577,250,274]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexauroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FF03FE9FFEDD" box="[151,353,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plexauroides indica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FEA9FF03FDBFFEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[360,577,250,274]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 245</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B28FF92FD8AFF03FD19FEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[587,743,250,274]" page="126" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1924">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FD8AFF03FD19FEDD" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[587,743,250,274]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">1924: 126–127</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FEE0FDF3FEFE" blockId="62.[151,904,219,305]" box="[151,525,281,305]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B28FF92FF56FEE0FDF3FEFE" box="[151,525,281,305]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B28FF92FF56FEE0FF43FEFF" box="[151,189,281,304]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Not</collectingRegion>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B28FF92FF05FEE0FDF7FEFE" author="Gray, J. E." box="[196,521,281,305]" page="407" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1870">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF05FEE0FDF7FEFE" ID-CoL="3ZQ3Q" authority="Gray, 1870: 407" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="407" authorityYear="1870" box="[196,521,281,305]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF05FEE0FEA2FEFE" box="[196,348,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indica</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FEA2FEE0FDF7FEFE" author="Gray, J. E." box="[355,521,281,305]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref101845" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Notes on some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 4, 5, 405 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696186" type="journal article" year="1870">Gray, 1870: 407</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FEA6FD77FE52" blockId="62.[151,1437,351,413]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Opinion: There is currently no evidence that this species occurs in the region, but it would not be surprising if it inhabited the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B28FF92FEEFFE7AFD78FE52" box="[302,646,387,413]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FE32FBA4FB1B" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FE32FED7FE2A" blockId="62.[151,1436,459,557]" box="[151,297,459,485]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF06FE16FED7FDE2" blockId="62.[151,1436,459,557]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF06FE16FC31FDC6" box="[199,975,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FC25FE16FA62FDC6" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." box="[996,1436,495,521]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson 1909: 261–262</bibRefCitation>
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(Andamans).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF06FDAEFB4CFC5F" blockId="62.[151,1437,598,1237]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF06FDAEFE60FDBF" box="[199,414,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This taxon was established by Ridley in the Caribbean genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FB41FDAFFB19FDBF" box="[1152,1255,598,624]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FB41FDAFFB19FDBF" box="[1152,1255,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plexaura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for a specimen collected in the Mergui Archipelago. It was reassigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FCE0FD83FC4AFD5B" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[801,948,634,660]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Plexauroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FCE0FD83FC4AFD5B" box="[801,948,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Plexauroides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FC1EFD83FB84FD5A" author="Studer, T." box="[991,1146,634,661]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="103 - 128" refId="ref107543" refString="Studer, T. (1895) Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lubeck. Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft und des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lubeck, 2 (7 / 8), 103 - 128." type="journal article" year="1895">Studer (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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||
but
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FB6DFD83FF1CFD77" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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retained the original name when reporting on material from the Andamans. Later,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FB4FFD67FAB1FD77" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1166,1359,670,696]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FA9AFD67FA6AFD77" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1371,1428,670,696]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
) followed Studer’s suggestion, but the two leafclubs figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FCA7FD3BFC01FD13" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[870,1023,706,732]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="223 - 247" refId="ref106138" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1888) Report on the alcyoniid and gorgoniid Alcyonaria of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Indian Museum. The Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 21, 223 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459020" type="journal article" year="1888">Ridley (1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 18, fig. 3) clearly place it in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF23FD1FFEB8FCCF" box="[226,326,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF23FD1FFEBFFCCF" box="[226,321,742,768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Menella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FDDBFD1FFD38FCCF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[538,710,742,768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FDDBFD1FFD38FCCF" box="[538,710,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, however, preceded by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FC39FD1FFAD3FCCF" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1016,1325,742,768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FC39FD1FFB5AFCCF" box="[1016,1188,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FB6FFD1FFAD3FCCF" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1198,1325,742,768]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref101845" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Notes on some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 4, 5, 405 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696186" type="journal article" year="1870">Gray, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B28FF92FAADFD1FFA62FCCF" box="[1388,1436,742,768]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species on the genus), which was established for a specimen obtained from off “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B28FF92FBC4FCF3FB95FCEB" box="[1029,1131,778,804]" name="India" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Bombay</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Because Gray’s specimen was from the Arabian Sea, was unbranched and had colourless sclerites, and Ridley’s was from the Andaman Sea, was branched and had pink, yellow and brown sclerites, we think it very unlikely they represent the same species. We therefore propose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FE4FFC8FFDABFC5F" authorityName="Ramvilas & Alderslade & Ranjeet" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[398,597,886,912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FE4FFC8FFDABFC5F" box="[398,597,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the replacement name for Ridley’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FBC2FC8FFB55FC5F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1027,1195,886,912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FBC2FC8FFB55FC5F" box="[1027,1195,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF06FC63FBA4FB1B" blockId="62.[151,1437,598,1237]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Regardless of the history given above, Ridley’s species will essentially remain unrecognisable without a detailed redescription of his specimen. It is, therefore, difficult to compare his material with that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FB68FC47FF1BFC33" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson & Simpson (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The colony described by the latter two authors was multicoloured and the leafclubs were described as having a globular head that was generally smooth, while having radial ridges was not uncommon, and also spindles up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B28FF92FF56FBD3FF13FB8B" box="[151,237,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. In Ridley’s specimen the leafclubs were described as having a very thick blade that was either smooth or with one or two long ridges or elongate tubercles on the surface (as per his figure mentioned above). Perhaps a resemblance to the sclerite differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FD72FB8AFC1CFB43" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[691,994,1138,1164]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kouare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FD72FB8AFCD8FB43" box="[691,806,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M. kouare</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FCEFFB8BFC1CFB43" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[814,994,1138,1164]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see his figures 94–95) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FAE5FB8AFEB3FB7F" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="woodin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FAE5FB8AFA62FB43" box="[1316,1436,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M. woodin</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FF56FB6FFEB3FB7F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,333,1174,1200]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see his figure 91). Unfortunately, Thomson and Simpson’s description lacked any illustrations. Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF2DFB42FEE3FB1B" box="[236,285,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017: PY-B) just listed the species with “
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FD3EFB43FC4DFB1A" author="Thomson, J. A." box="[767,947,1210,1237]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref108270" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1905) Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part 4 (Supplementary Report), pp. 167 - 186, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” as the author.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |