143 lines
15 KiB
XML
143 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3FC76FCF150124C0C330ABE7DF4E93F4">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83A59B3577DA1BEAADFD0B95EF17525F">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9224A7421749E759933ABDC68253930F" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5535D477A7D1512A658482797E41D1FB">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48AF1826445030E44A69807C333A64DB">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E9FD8A0CCF9C263BBFED7570F659066F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DC5EC211EC396BD866169BAC7E9EDD44">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A6BF65BF1F2AD0989CB2C4A7CDC7733">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B28FF92FF56FADCFDD1F877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B28FF92FF56FADCFDD1F877" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B28FF92FF56FADCFDD1F877" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FADCFDE1FA8F" box="[151,543,1317,1344]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FADCFDE1FA8F" blockId="62.[151,543,1317,1344]" box="[151,543,1317,1344]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B28FF92FF56FADCFDE1FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,543,1317,1344]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF56FADCFDE1FA8F" ID-CoL="3ZQ3S" authority="Grasshoff, 2000" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,543,1317,1344]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kanisa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FADCFDE1FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,543,1317,1344]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FADCFEACFA8F" bold="true" box="[151,338,1317,1344]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella kanisa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FE98FADCFDE1FA8F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[345,543,1317,1344]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FA93FCA3FA0A" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FA93FD1DFA4D" blockId="62.[151,739,1386,1410]" box="[151,739,1386,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B28FF92FF56FA93FD1DFA4D" box="[151,739,1386,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B28FF92FF56FA93FDFAFA4D" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,516,1386,1410]" page="91" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B28FF92FF56FA93FDFAFA4D" ID-CoL="3ZQ3S" authority="Grasshoff, 2000: 91" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,516,1386,1410]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kanisa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF56FA93FECDFA4D" box="[151,307,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Menella kanisa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FEF8FA93FDFAFA4D" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[313,516,1386,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff, 2000: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 162–165 (
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B28FF92FD5FFA93FD29FA4D" box="[670,727,1386,1410]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FA52FCA3FA0A" blockId="62.[151,861,1451,1478]" box="[151,861,1451,1478]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Opinion: There is no evidence this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B28FF92FF56FA0AFDD1F877" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF56FA0AFED7F9C2" blockId="62.[151,1437,1523,1622]" box="[151,297,1523,1549]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF06F9EEFAFBF99A" blockId="62.[151,1437,1523,1622]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF06F9EEFC4CF9FE" box="[199,946,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FC05F9E1FB2BF9FE" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[964,1237,1559,1586]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FBDDF9E1FBAEF9FE" box="[1052,1104,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 64
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 29, fig. A–D (Andaman &
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B28FF92FEF0F9C2FE18F99A" box="[305,486,1595,1621]" name="India" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FE3BF9C2FCE2F99A" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[506,796,1595,1622]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FDABF9C5FD62F99A" box="[618,668,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 139
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 64, fig. A–D (Andaman & Nicobar Is.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B28FF92FF06F986FDD1F877" blockId="62.[151,1437,1662,1976]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FF06F986FE62F957" box="[199,412,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: About a third of the the description supplied by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FC0DF987FB47F957" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[972,1209,1662,1688]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FBE0F986FBADF957" box="[1057,1107,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FB33F987FF1CF973" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FAA2F986FA6BF957" box="[1379,1429,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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is taken directly from Grasshoff’s text but the sclerites sizes are changed. Copying Grasshoff, they state that “The sclerites of the inner layer are irregular, often branched forms up to (
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B28FF92FC28F93FFBAFF92F" box="[1001,1105,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
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) large”, but only some small capstans are shown in their sclerite figure. Referring to the leafscales, Grasshoff says “the leaves of the surface are flat and their margins are smooth”, but the surface sclerites shown by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FC2BF8F7FB25F8E7" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[1002,1243,1806,1832]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FB81F8F6FB8AF8E7" box="[1088,1140,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B28FF92FAD4F8F7FEF8F883" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B28FF92FA49F8F6FF53F883" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
have a thick, somewhat bulbous head with rounded knob-like protrusions. These authors state that their species is found mostly in a turbid environment, which is completely different to the clear waters of the
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B28FF92FAD9F8AFFAACF8BF" box="[1304,1362,1878,1904]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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where the Grasshoff’s samples were collected. These facts combined with geographic considerations would indicate the species does not occur in the region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |