145 lines
16 KiB
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145 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="11BACABCCDF578014AE9C9BE60EF181C">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B454B300227C7B2FC46AB04EA3F285E9">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33D171BFD0B30E212EF1FCC9580619AA">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B27FF9DFF56FD13FABFFAD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B27FF9DFF56FD13FABFFAD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B27FF9DFF56FD13FABFFAD4" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B27FF9DFF56FD13FDE8FCCB" box="[151,534,746,773]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B27FF9DFF56FD13FDE8FCCB" bold="true" box="[151,534,746,773]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B27FF9DFF56FD13FDE8FCCB" ID-CoL="L5V2" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,534,746,773]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sirene">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFF56FD13FDE8FCCB" bold="true" box="[151,534,746,773]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFF56FD13FEB7FCCA" bold="true" box="[151,329,746,773]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bebryce sirene</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFE90FD13FDE8FCCB" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[337,534,746,772]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B27FF9DFF56FCD6FB53FC88" blockId="49.[151,1197,815,840]" box="[151,1197,815,840]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B27FF9DFF56FCD6FDFEFC88" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,512,815,839]" page="64" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B27FF9DFF56FCD6FDFEFC88" ID-CoL="L5V2" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 64" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,512,815,839]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sirene">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFF56FCD6FED0FC88" box="[151,302,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bebryce sirene</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFEF5FCD6FDFEFC88" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[308,512,815,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 64</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 109–111 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B27FF9DFD60FCD6FCBDFC88" box="[673,835,815,839]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B27FF9DFC94FCC9FB57FC88" author="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V." box="[853,1193,815,840]" page="346" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFC94FCC9FB57FC88" author="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V." box="[853,1193,815,840]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="301 - 358" refId="ref99006" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Ofwegen, L. V. (2016) The type specimens of Bebryce (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae) re-examined, with emphasis on the sclerites. Zootaxa, 4083 (3), 301 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Bayer & van Ofwegen 2016: 346</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B27FF9DFF56FC8CFC0EFC40" blockId="49.[151,1008,885,912]" box="[151,1008,885,912]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Opinion: There is not enough evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B27FF9DFF56FC44FABFFAD4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B27FF9DFF56FC44FED7FC18" blockId="49.[151,1436,957,1056]" box="[151,297,957,983]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B27FF9DFF06FC18FB78FBD0" blockId="49.[151,1436,957,1056]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFF06FC18FC4DFC34" box="[199,947,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFC07FC1BFB26FC34" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[966,1240,993,1020]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFBDCFC1BFBACFC34" box="[1053,1106,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2014a: 70
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 32, fig. A–E (Munak Gate, Nicobar);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFE6DFBFCFD3EFBEF" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[428,704,1029,1056]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFDDCFBFFFDB0FBD0" box="[541,590,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 85
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 37, fig. A–E (Munak Gate, Nicobar)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B27FF9DFF06FBB7FABFFAD4" blockId="49.[151,1436,1101,1308]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFF06FBB7FE62FBA8" box="[199,412,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The descriptions given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFD1BFBB7FC34FBA8" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[730,970,1101,1128]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFCF0FBB7FC9DFBA8" box="[817,867,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFBC2FBB4FAFCFBA8" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1027,1282,1101,1128]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFBB4FBB7FB56FBA8" box="[1141,1192,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical, but it is impossible to know the true characteristics of their specimen because the description of the sclerites and their occurrence is taken word-for-word from Grasshoff’ (1999). However, it is obvious from the illustrations that their specimen belongs in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B27FF9DFDE6FB40FD30FB1C" box="[551,718,1209,1235]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFDE6FB40FD30FB1C" box="[551,718,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Their sclerite figure shows some of the colourless sclerites from their specimen, but have also included two red sclerites that are probably from an
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFBDFFB24FB40FB38" box="[1054,1214,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B27FF9DFBDFFB24FB45FB38" box="[1054,1211,1245,1271]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Echinogorgia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFB05FB27FA66FB37" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[1220,1432,1245,1272]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B27FF9DFAD6FB27FAB9FB38" box="[1303,1351,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B27FF9DFF56FAF8FF2FFAD4" author="Geetha, S. & Kumar, J. S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[151,209,1281,1307]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref100797" refString="Geetha, S., Kumar, J. S. Y, Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018) Space competition studies between Briareum violaceum (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea) and scleractinian corals in Shark Island, north Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Studies, 47 (12), 2390 - 2394." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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) just lists the species and present the same colony figure from the 2014 and 2017 publications above.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
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