198 lines
26 KiB
XML
198 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="A530ADE3DCBA06A76308EA514FAC835D" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718999175370" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2023" docId="03889522DD77FFA3FCF0F970FA27882A" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.83.1-35.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 83" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Evoplosoma Fisher 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFB1ED5ADD79FFACFFD9FFE2FF8F8D61" masterDocTitle="New Goniasteridae and in situ observations significant to deep-sea coral predation" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1719015880144" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B1666A371DBB0EA75C936A1E50512938">New Goniasteridae and in situ observations significant to deep-sea coral predation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87ECB53D88271DA3A5FB1C4F442F69D5">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1E2FDEAEFDB3A67BA191F8A7B99F9CDB">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="79BCC6A2CF305B2E64B852DA79DDD2B3">
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<mods:date id="0AB3AA15A66AA8376E67B292FC039F8A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A7F23E614EFB3F07C42B970EE675321">2024-03-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="068F67CC9913C3EDC463357A5B13B6C7">83</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B11C10136FBAF7FFDFE8BD8BAB232B91">http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A4EB2394553BB3FFB127ACD61B37E23D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1C82B5A6B315A0FB68C7700E3AA86604" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61E30F2EE4C4D35A085A8900B6B45939" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03889522DD77FFA3FCF0F970FA27882A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03889522DD77FFA3FCF0F970FA27882A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03889522DD77FFA3FCF0F970FA27882A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C33B77BFDD77FFA2FCF0F970FBE68A66" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FCF0F970FBA08BC9" blockId="14.[809,1071,1682,1705]" box="[809,1071,1682,1705]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0D69358DD77FFA2FCF0F970FBA08BC9" bold="true" box="[809,1071,1682,1705]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD77FFA2FCF0F970FBA08BC9" ID-CoL="7NZZ4" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[809,1071,1682,1705]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FCF0F970FBA08BC9" bold="true" box="[809,1071,1682,1705]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FCF0F970FC258BC9" bold="true" box="[809,938,1682,1704]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FC68F971FBA08BC9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[945,1071,1683,1705]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref22507" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1906. The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23: 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FC96F95CFBE68A66" blockId="14.[809,1441,1726,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FC96F95CFC748BB0" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[847,1019,1726,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref22507" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1906. The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23: 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher, 1906: 1065</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FBDFF95CFB218BB0" author="Koehler, R." box="[1030,1198,1726,1746]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="115 - 131" refId="ref23114" refString="Koehler, R. 1909. An account of the deep-sea Asteroidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum 5: 115 - 131." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler, 1909: 96</bibRefCitation>
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; Spencer & Wright, 1966: U58;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FC82F93BFBD38B8D" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey M. E." box="[859,1116,1753,1773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref22043" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall: London. 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey, 1992: 241</bibRefCitation>
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; A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FB45F93BFABA8B8D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1180,1333,1753,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref22002" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 253</bibRefCitation>
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; Mah et al., 2010: 278;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FC54F916FB9E8A66" author="Mah, C. L." box="[909,1041,1780,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref23581" refString="Mah, C. L. 2015 b. A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records 8 (e 5): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah, 2015b: 2</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FBC3F916FBE68A66" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1050,1129,1780,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref23754" refString="Mah, C. L. 2022. New genera, species and occurrence of deep-sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa 5164 (1): 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B77BFDD77FFA3FCF0F8FDFA27882A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA3FCF0F8FDFC8989C3" blockId="14.[809,1440,1822,1903]" lastBlockId="15.[146,780,229,1274]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FCF0F8FDFC018A55" box="[809,910,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD77FFA2FC06F8FCFBD08A55" author="Mah, C. L." box="[991,1119,1822,1844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref23581" refString="Mah, C. L. 2015 b. A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records 8 (e 5): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah, 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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). Body strongly stellate. Arm narrow, elongated. R/r 2.3–4.11 (most 3.0–4.0). Interradial arcs straight to weakly curved. Abactinal plates, flat and platformlike. Carinal series poorly distinguished. Abactinal plates tightly articulated. Body covered by tissue layer with thick, rough texture that overlies plates and spines (seen more clearly in wet specimens). Prominent spines on abactinal, superomarginal, inferomarginal and actinal plates in most species. Spine morphology variable from blunt conical to pointed, to cylindrical or small and spinelet-like. Granules with spiny tips in most
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FE92FE50FEDA8CA6" bold="true" box="[331,341,434,455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">s</emphasis>
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pecies, with some having rounded surfaces. Granules present but with variable abundance among species. Tong-like pedicellariae with serrated valves present or absent on abactinal, marginal or actinal surfaces. Marginal plates generally quadrate in shape, some showing direct 1:1 superomarginal/inferomarginal correspondence, but others being more offset. Marginals relatively numerous, 30–70 per interradius. Some species with bare marginal plate surface, but most with even to dense granule covering. Granules vary from having rounded surfaces to pointed or prismatic edges. Large prominent spine or spines known in all but one species. Large single spines observed as a linear series in several species. Spinelets or multiple shorter spines observed on marginal plate surfaces of other species. Pedicellariae variably present on either supero or inferomarginal series. Actinal intermediate regions relatively small with fewer than six rows present (three or four present in most species). Actinal plate boundaries obscured by pulpy tissue layer and/or granulation. Granules round or with spiny edges on all species. Primary spines on actinal plate surface in most species. Furrow spines varying in number from 2 to 12. Spines generally compressed, quadrate to polygonal in cross-section. Tips varying from smooth and blunt to jagged with furrowed tips. Felipedal (clamp-like bivalve) pedicellariae present among the subambulacrals in most species. Subambulacrals variable, with spination ranging from blunt spines, pointed spinelets to pointed or rounded granules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FF60FB48FE74899B" blockId="15.[146,780,229,1274]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FEF7FB48FEF989DE" box="[302,374,1194,1215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FEF7FB48FEF989DE" box="[302,374,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">in situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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observations herein and from prior accounts (e.g. Mah et al., 2010), the color of most species ranges from yellow to deep orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FF4AFAF3FC898B09" blockId="15.[147,780,1296,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FF4AFAF3FE098844" box="[147,390,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Comments.
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FED1FAF2FE098844" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,390,1296,1317]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Evoplosoma</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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includes 11 species known from lower bathyal to abyssal settings (
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<quantity id="4CD989D1DD76FFA3FE62FACCFDC18822" box="[443,590,1326,1347]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–3000 m</quantity>
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) primarily in the Atlantic and the Pacific, with a single species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FD55FAA9FEF7881C" authority="Koehler 1909" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="augusti">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FD55FAA9FF51881F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma augusti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD76FFA3FF30FA8AFEF7881C" author="Koehler, R." box="[233,376,1384,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="115 - 131" refId="ref23114" refString="Koehler, R. 1909. An account of the deep-sea Asteroidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum 5: 115 - 131." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, known from the Indian Ocean.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD76FFA3FD02FA8AFF5088FA" author="Mah, C. L." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref23581" refString="Mah, C. L. 2015 b. A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records 8 (e 5): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah (2015b)</bibRefCitation>
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provided an overview and key to known
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FD55FA67FF6C88D8" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FD55FA67FC8588FB" box="[652,778,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
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species.
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</taxonomicName>
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Most species have been recorded from relatively few specimens, in many cases only from the
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<typeStatus id="549A9A96DD76FFA3FDEDFA22FD0388B7" box="[564,652,1472,1494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(e.g. Mah et al., 2010, Mah, 2015). As remotely operated video investigation has become increasingly common and deep-sea coral habitats are explored,
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FEC2F9F5FE178B4D" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[283,408,1559,1580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FEC2F9F5FE178B4D" box="[283,408,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or related hippasterines, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FF4AF9D7FE828B2B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[147,269,1589,1610]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FF4AF9D7FE828B2B" box="[147,269,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hippasteria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, are now observed with increasing frequency (e.g. Mah, 2015, 2022) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FEACF9B0FE3C8B09" box="[373,435,1618,1640]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="situ">in situ</taxonomicName>
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density and abundance recorded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FF60F98DFD048A76" blockId="15.[147,780,1296,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FF60F98DFEB78BE5" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[185,312,1647,1668]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FF60F98DFEB78BE5" box="[185,312,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows morphological affinities, such as prominent spines on abactinal and marginal plates as well as granule-covered abactinal plates, with other newly described goniasterid genera, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FE1DF925FDA18BBD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[452,558,1735,1756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Atheraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FE1DF925FDA18BBD" box="[452,558,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atheraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FD99F925FD238BBD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[576,684,1735,1756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Atheraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FD99F925FD238BBD" box="[576,684,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atheraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in turn, shares characters such as the presence of enlarged abactinal arm plates relative to disk plates, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FDC5F8E0FD0A8A76" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[540,645,1794,1815]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FDC5F8E0FD0A8A76" box="[540,645,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Circeaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FF60F8FCFD5B8A0E" blockId="15.[147,780,1296,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Prior to the four species reported herein, only
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<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FD5DF8FDFEC18A33" authority="(McKnight, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="McKnight" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tasmanica">
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<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FD5DF8FDFC868A55" box="[644,777,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. tasmanica</emphasis>
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(McKnight, 2006)
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</taxonomicName>
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, from Tasmanian waters, was known from the South Pacific adjacent to
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<collectingCountry id="F33664A4DD76FFA3FE61F8BBFD9A8A0E" box="[440,533,1881,1903]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33664A4DD76FFA3FD9FF8BBFD5F8A0E" box="[582,720,1881,1903]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FF04FAC78D9A" blockId="15.[817,1352,229,251]" box="[817,1352,229,251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FCE8FF04FAC78D9A" box="[817,1352,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FCAEFF07FC7D8D9B" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[887,1010,229,250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Evoplosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Australian and adjacent waters
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FEF3FA278C01" blockId="15.[817,1448,273,353]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(0) Fleshy dermis invested with granules, abactinal spines present or absent. Granules absent from marginal plate surface. (1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FE95FA278CCB" blockId="15.[817,1448,375,426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(1) No spines on abactinal surface. Furrow spines 4–6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FB79FE76FA278CCB" authority="Mah" authorityName="Mah" box="[1184,1448,404,426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="voratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FB79FE76FAFD8CCB" box="[1184,1394,404,426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma voratus</emphasis>
|
||
Mah
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FE22FA278C93" blockId="15.[817,1448,448,499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(1’) Abactinal surface invested with conical spines. Furrow spines nine to ten.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FB71FE3FFAE28C93" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1192,1389,477,498]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pharos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FB71FE3FFAE28C93" box="[1192,1389,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma pharos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD76FFA3FAAAFE3FFA278C93" box="[1395,1448,477,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FDEBFA288F39" blockId="15.[817,1448,521,600]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(0’) Dermis not fleshy or soft, surface covered by coarse, granules and distinct, or conical abactinal spines. Granules present on marginal plate surface. (2)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FD8DFC7A8FBA" blockId="15.[817,1448,622,731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(2) Furrow spines 5–8. Spines, large, widely spaced, thick, conical with pointed or blunt tips present on abactinal and marginal surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FB8DFD4AFC7A8FBA" authority="Aziz and Jangoux 1985 a" authorityName="Aziz and Jangoux" authorityYear="1985" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FB8DFD4AFACA8FDF" box="[1108,1349,680,702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma timorensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD76FFA3FA95FD4AFC7A8FBA" author="Aziz, A. & M. Jangoux" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="263 - 274" refId="ref21703" refString="Aziz, A., and M. Jangoux. 1985 a. Four new species and one new subspecies of asteroidea (Echinodermata) collected by the ' Siboga' expedition in the Indo-Malayan region. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 55 (2): 263 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05502005" type="journal article" year="1985">Aziz and Jangoux 1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FD13FA278E21" blockId="15.[817,1448,753,832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(2’) Furrow spines four or fewer. Abactinal spination present, but spines short, bullet-like, weakly expressed or absent. (3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FCB5FA278EC6" blockId="15.[817,1448,855,935]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(3) Abactinal surface with no primary spines, covered by plates with pointed to coarse-sized granules, widely spaced.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FBD6FC73FA278EC6" authority="McKnight 2006" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="2006" box="[1039,1448,913,935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tasmanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FBD6FC73FB708EC7" box="[1039,1279,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma tasmanica</emphasis>
|
||
McKnight 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FC5FFA28896D" blockId="15.[817,1448,957,1036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(3’) Short, conical spines covering abactinal surface. Coarse granules forming continuous covering on abactinal, marginal and actinal surface. (4)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FBC1FA2789CA" blockId="15.[817,1448,1058,1196]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(4) Superomarginal plates each with a single prominent, conical spine in series along the arm, although two or three are present on interradial plates. Granules angular with convex to pointed tips, cover abactinal, marginal, actinal surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FB4CFB74FAE289CD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1173,1389,1174,1196]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mystrion" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FB4CFB74FAE289CD" box="[1173,1389,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma mystrion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD76FFA3FAAAFB74FA2789CA" box="[1395,1448,1174,1195]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD76FFA3FCE8FB20FA27882A" blockId="15.[817,1448,1218,1355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(4’) Interradial plates with three prominent spines decreasing to two then a single spine with none on distalmost marginal plates. Granules coarse, blunt tipped and blocky, forming continuous cover over abactinal, marginal, actinal surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD76FFA3FB4DFAD7FAE3882B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1172,1388,1333,1354]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="besseyae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955F826DD76FFA3FB4DFAD7FAE3882B" box="[1172,1388,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Evoplosoma besseyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD76FFA3FAAAFAD4FA27882A" box="[1395,1448,1334,1355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |