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<document id="A3241F5ECD75A4AEAC3E89515E7E5C9A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.670.2.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14520102" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734553308120" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Costa, Suzana Maria, Thomas, William Wayt &amp; Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do" docDate="2024" docId="0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.670.2.119-126.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 670 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Cephalocarpus martinhae S. M. Costa 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFB15F54FFBD3757B671FFC9FFA9FFCE" masterDocTitle="Four new species from Venezuela and identification key to Cephalocarpus (Cryptangieae, Cyperaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1734559375791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="217A994D4E2188E4AF385EAA4FCAEC0F">
<mods:title id="36A992AB5B5F9B623BE1ADA60C4F5191">Four new species from Venezuela and identification key to Cephalocarpus (Cryptangieae, Cyperaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4130F5E764B082719B96AB359E52EC7B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="559CCDE078273456C07FC7815532D9B5">
<mods:roleTerm id="C75FD7DEA8186F8A9BEC2E080622FF38">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="640E6C874C0AB80E2CAF9A5B1880AF43">Costa, Suzana Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="52F940F18279425F9BE57438FE053B3A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4078-8202</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5D5E75225FF5CB53FD8B72EF8969D108" type="email">suzanamscosta@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="4026F417B5513DF64900E5E5FFE46A3F">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8DB46CBB5191A5809C8C68F77327AFEA">Thomas, William Wayt</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B911D77D0A253CCAECDF87CE7BC83CDA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4996-536X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFF4D88D0DE9534336AFA976D695FAB4" type="email">wthomas@nybg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="9E9D853AF1A8DD1E8A29CBA7CE58A030">Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FB7CC077EE0E2494C697782561A21D1" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0766-0653</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AEB5ABBB09842FAE65AFA9702FBF5BD3" type="email">volker@unicamp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F4AC6BA2A0AC6295DC081B00A072E245">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="27D3F591FFD9B1B7C93C2261CC4F918E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4F26B9DF85D03C9B1EA084868184578C">
<mods:date id="4E76A4439C19D9B4E67F544D11BAE696">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="81A8B07D1DC25C26E7230AE9541F95D7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4A5010B02C7AC7370BB7EC3E42963BB6">2024-10-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D826C4253862B4A59ABBC0F3ECA0D2F1">670</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="95111F49179F5D4FDD2E3235AE5DC223">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A493CA5E12849FC348A2F8EE82EB35A9">119</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="72D248D7E0E86C1E914317B7C336EFDD">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.2.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="09C242617ACF7FB8BE913CD1A56879FE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D30558728BCEE4BD2317EE1BD4AA2F82" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.670.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="78AFDF05E6659E0DCBBCF6A1A4341C6F" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE03D09E95999E1C5985A414564FB805" type="Zenodo-Dep">14520102</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14520334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
<subSubSection id="C33BC5B1FFBE3754B6F9FADDFC0DFAE0" box="[136,932,1299,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFBE3754B6F9FADDFC0DFAE0" blockId="3.[136,932,1299,1326]" box="[136,932,1299,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
<heading id="D0D62156FFBE3754B6F9FADDFC0DFAE0" box="[136,932,1299,1326]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B6F9FADDFF34FAE0" bold="true" box="[136,157,1300,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B6D5FADAFDF9FAE0" authority="S.M.Costa" authorityName="S. M. Costa" authorityYear="2024" box="[164,592,1299,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinhae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B6D5FADAFE78FAE0" bold="true" box="[164,465,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Cephalocarpus martinhae</emphasis>
S.M.Costa
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B42DFADCFD18FAE0" box="[604,689,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266F753FFBE3754B42DFADCFD18FAE0" box="[604,689,1301,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A8ABFFFBE3754B4CEFADDFC97FAE0" box="[703,830,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,190,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male and female spikelets and fruits of Cephalocarpus spp. nov. A. C. chimantensis S.M.Costa; B. C. marahuacensis S.M.Costa; C. C. martinhae S.M.Costa; D. C. pyramidalis S.M.Costa (black bars = 1 mm; drawings of SMC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131A8ABFFFBE3754B53AFADDFCC4FAE0" box="[843,877,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1195,1217]" captionTargetBox="[176,1397,524,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-144@3.[151,1436,497,1171]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Currently known distribution maps of Cephalocarpus spp. nov. A. C. chimantensis S.M.Costa; B. C. marahuacensis S.M.Costa; C. C. martinhae S.M.Costa; D. C. pyramidalis S.M.Costa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520106/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131A8ABFFFBE3754B508FADDFC33FAE0" box="[889,922,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,197,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[201,1386,187,1924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotypes of Cephalocarpus spp. nov. A. Cephalocarpus chimantensis S.M. Costa; B. Cephalocarpus marahuacensis S.M. Costa; C. Cephalocarpus martinhae S.M. Costa; D. Cephalocarpus pyramidalis S.M. Costa. (images from the NYBG C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520108/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">3C</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BC5B1FFBE3752B6F9FA96FEBFFD7E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFBE3754B6F9FA96FD83FA73" blockId="3.[136,1452,1375,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B683FA96FE48FABB" authorityName="" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="N. E. Brown" box="[242,481,1375,1397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B683FA96FE48FABB" box="[242,481,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Cephalocarpus angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the densely pubescent, shiny and light green leaves.
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B260FAA9FB3BFABA" box="[1041,1170,1375,1397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinhae">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B260FAA9FB3BFABA" box="[1041,1170,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">C. martinhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by its visibly shorter female spikelets ((1.8) 2–3.5 long in
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B46DFA4DFD33FA56" box="[540,666,1411,1433]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinhae">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B46DFA4DFD33FA56" box="[540,666,1411,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">C. martinhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B4B6FA4AFC90FA57" box="[711,825,1411,1433]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="6.35" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="5.8">5.8–6.9 mm</quantity>
long in
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B5F6FA4DFC5EFA57" authorityName="" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="N. E. Brown" box="[903,1015,1412,1433]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B5F6FA4DFC5EFA57" box="[903,1015,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">C. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and dark-brown to blackish glumes (instead of paleaceous glumes in
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFBE3754B7DAFA61FDB5FA73" authorityName="" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="N. E. Brown" box="[427,540,1448,1469]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B7DAFA61FDB5FA73" box="[427,540,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">C. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFBE3754B6F9FA05FD2EF9CB" blockId="3.[136,1452,1375,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
Type specimen:—
<materialsCitation id="3B499C67FFBE3754B744FA02FD2AF9CB" collectingDate="1984-07-15" collectionCode="G, J, S, NY, MO" country="Venezuela" elevation="600" latitude="0.8333333" location="Neblina Massif" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-66.1" municipality="Rio Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F336D6AAFFBE3754B744FA02FE61FA2F" box="[309,456,1483,1505]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49E558D8FFBE3754B7A1FA05FD90FA2F" box="[464,569,1484,1505]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA0C40FFBE3754B430FA02FD01FA2F" box="[577,680,1483,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Rio Negro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFEC0E1FFBE3754B4C3FA02FCEEFA2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E:8EFEC0E1FFBE3754B4C3FA02FCEEFA2F" box="[690,839,1483,1505]" country="Venezuela" latitude="0.8333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-66.1" municipality="Rio Negro" name="Neblina Massif" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Amazonas">Neblina Massif</location>
,
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<elevation id="000C7109FFBE3754B521FA02FC16FA2F" box="[848,959,1483,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="500.0">500–700 m</elevation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15F0FDFFBE3754B264FA02FBC4FA2F" box="[1045,1133,1483,1505]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" precision="925" value="-66.1">66°06’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9FB0FAFFBE3754B206FA02FB5DFA2F" box="[1143,1268,1483,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" value="1984-07-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDB4912FFBE3754B206FA02FB5DFA2F" box="[1143,1268,1483,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" value="1984-07-15">15 July 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFBE3754B28FFA05FE92F9CA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFBE3754B28FFA05FABBFA2F" box="[1278,1298,1484,1505]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
. Davidse 27378 &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFBE3754B6A7FA39FF4DF9CB" box="[214,228,1520,1541]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFBE3754B696FA39FF5CF9CB" box="[231,245,1520,1541]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. Miller
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFBE3754B739FA39FED9F9CB" box="[328,368,1520,1541]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
! –
<typeStatus id="549A2898FFBE3754B7FAFA26FE4BF9CB" box="[395,482,1519,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFBE3754B79DFA39FDB1F9CB" box="[492,536,1520,1541]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
! –
<typeStatus id="549A2898FFBE3754B442FA26FDD4F9CB" box="[563,637,1519,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFBE3754B6F9F9FDFEFDF830" blockId="3.[136,1452,1588,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
Monoecious herb: sexes mostly at separate paracladia (male at basal and female at apical ones), monomorphic. Caudex ~
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B6E9F991FF5EF9BC" box="[152,247,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B778F991FEC3F9BC" box="[265,362,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
including fibrous sheaths remains and adventitious roots). Leaf: sheath glabrous, dark brown; blade (8) 20–25 ×
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B714F9B5FE41F958" box="[357,488,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
, linear-lanceolate, margin sparsely pubescent, generally concolorous, light green to green. Inflorescence panicle-like, (5) 8–12 paracladia; culm (20) 45–60 × (0.06)
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B279F969FB0FF974" box="[1032,1190,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.15 cm</quantity>
, compressed, glabrous. Paracladia (lowermost) up to
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B7A2F90DFDB1F910" box="[467,536,1732,1758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
long, 3–4 orders; peduncle –
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B511F90DFC02F910" box="[864,939,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
long, compressed, glabrous. Involucral bract (lowermost) leaf-like or reduced to sheath: sheath
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B4BFF921FC8AF8CC" box="[718,803,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, dark-brown; blade 1–3 ×
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B379F921FACEF8CC" box="[1288,1383,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="cm" value="0.07">0.07 cm</quantity>
, “V”- shaped, glabrous, dark-brown. Male spikelet 3–5.5 ×
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B496F8C5FCD8F8E8" box="[743,881,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
, 7–9 glumes, 4–5 flowers,1–2 each cluster; glume (outermost) ~
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B751F8F9FE01F884" box="[288,424,1840,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.7 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, mucronate (mucron ~
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B53CF8F9FC64F885" box="[845,973,1840,1867]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.5mm</quantity>
long), dark-brown; stamens 4, connective projection short-conical with short trichomes. Female spikelet (1.8) 2–3.5 × (0.45)
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B23FF89DFB73F8A0" box="[1102,1242,1876,1902]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
, 4–5 (7) glumes; glume (outermost) ~
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B701F8B1FE75F85C" box="[368,476,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.9">1.9–3mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, mucronate (mucron ~
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B5FAF8B1FBBCF85C" box="[907,1045,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
long), dark-brown; stigma 3. Fruit 3–5.5 ×
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B693F855FEC3F878" box="[226,362,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.7 mm</quantity>
, oblong-elliptic, smooth, ciliate to pubescent apex, main body continuous to the beak; hypogynous scales
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B6A5F809FEEEF814" box="[212,327,1984,2010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.0">1–1.4 mm</quantity>
long, elliptic, trichome
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B42AF809FD66F814" box="[603,719,1984,2010]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
long; beak
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFBE3754B526F809FC6BF815" box="[855,962,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5mm</quantity>
long, narrow-conical, ciliate or pubescent especially at base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5EC6B2FFB93753B6F9F869FF56F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14520108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14520108/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" startId="4.[136,229,1952,1974]" targetBox="[211,1376,197,1914]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFB93753B6F9F869FF56F830" blockId="4.[136,1457,1952,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B6F9F869FF57F87B" bold="true" box="[136,254,1952,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Holotypes of
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B7F9F869FDDEF878" box="[392,631,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB93753B7F9F869FDECF878" box="[392,581,1952,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spp">Cephalocarpus spp</taxonomicName>
. nov.
</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB93753B4E8F869FB8CF878" authority="S. M. Costa" authorityName="S. M. Costa" authorityYear="2024" box="[665,1061,1952,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chimantensis">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B4E8F869FC06F87B" box="[665,943,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalocarpus chimantensis</emphasis>
S.M. Costa
</taxonomicName>
; B.
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB93753B23DF869FF6BF814" authority="S. M. Costa" authorityName="S. M. Costa" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marahuacensis">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B23DF869FADFF87B" box="[1100,1398,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalocarpus marahuacensis</emphasis>
S.M. Costa
</taxonomicName>
; C.
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB93753B698F80DFDF3F814" authority="S. M. Costa" authorityName="S. M. Costa" box="[233,602,1988,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinhae">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B698F80DFE4CF817" box="[233,485,1988,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalocarpus martinhae</emphasis>
S.M. Costa
</taxonomicName>
; D.
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB93753B4F3F80DFBA1F814" authority="S. M. Costa." authorityName="S. M. Costa." box="[642,1032,1988,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB93753B4F3F80DFC27F817" box="[642,910,1988,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalocarpus pyramidalis</emphasis>
S.M. Costa.
</taxonomicName>
(images from the NYBG C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFB83752B6CCFF57FC17FECF" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Etymology:—This species is named in honor of my friend Marta
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB83752B5B4FF57FB1AFF76" authority="Silva Pereira" authorityName="Silva Pereira" box="[965,1203,158,184]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychopariidae" genus="Regina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Regina Silva Pereira</taxonomicName>
(a.k.a. Martinha), an enthusiastic bryologist, an exciting biology teacher and captivating person. Despite all the obstacles, she enjoys the good opportunities of life and always has a smile and a hug for everyone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFB83752B6CCFEC3FB8AFEEA" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,688]" box="[189,1059,266,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Distribution:—It is known from
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B45AFEC2FCA2FEEA" box="[555,779,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Cerro de la Neblina</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E558D8FFB83752B568FEC3FC3DFEEA" box="[793,916,266,292]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F336D6AAFFB83752B5EEFEC3FBB1FEEA" box="[927,1048,266,292]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFB83752B6CCFEE7FC5EFE17" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Taxonomic notes:—
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB83752B7D4FEE7FD67FE86" box="[421,718,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinhae">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B7D4FEE7FD67FE86" box="[421,718,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Cephalocarpus martinhae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C21EDB9FFB83752B269FEE6FA02FE86" authority="(N. E. Brown) (1901: 73)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="N. E. Brown" baseAuthorityPageNumber="73" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1048,1451,302,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cephalocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B269FEE6FB09FE86" box="[1048,1184,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. angustus</emphasis>
(N.E.Brown)(1901:73)
</taxonomicName>
S.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0EBCBFFB83752B6C9FE9BFE2FFEA2" author="Costa, S. M. &amp; Vitta, F. A. &amp; Thomas, W. W. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Morokawa, R. &amp; Bittrich, V. &amp; Shepherd, G. J. &amp; Amaral, M. C. E." box="[184,390,338,364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref5115" refString="Costa, S. M., Vitta, F. A., Thomas, W. W., Muasya, A. M., Morokawa, R., Bittrich, V., Shepherd, G. J. &amp; Amaral, M. C. E. (2021 a) An updated generic circumscription for Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae, Poales) based on a molecular phylogeny and a morphological character reconstruction. Phytotaxa 483 (3): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 483.3.2" type="journal article" year="2021">Costa (2021a:48)</bibRefCitation>
, but it is quite different due to the narrower and less pubescent leaves, the shorter female spikelets, and the fruit with pubescent beak. It is possible to notice a gradual increase of pubescence and lowermost male glume size and decrease of the leaf length at higher altitudes at this species. As it is registered at the Venezuelan side of Serra da Neblina it probably also occurs at Brazilian areas in this
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B5C9FE76FC59FE16" box="[952,1008,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">tepui</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E963AFFB83752B6CCFE2BFEBFFD7E" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
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(additional):—
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.
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:
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,
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,
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.
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42341 &amp;
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.
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.
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&amp;
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.
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(
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!)
</materialsCitation>
;
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, slope
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of Rio Mawarinuma
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,
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,
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,
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,
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.
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.
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1671 &amp;
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.
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(
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!,
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)
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;
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<collectorName id="26D4F3ECFFB83752B505FDE3FBFBFD8A" box="[884,1106,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Cerro de la Neblina</collectorName>
camp 2,
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,
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</quantity>
,
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,
<date id="FF9FB0FAFFB83752B7D7FD87FDE0FDA6" box="[422,585,590,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="1984-04-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDB4912FFB83752B7D7FD87FDE0FDA6" box="[422,585,590,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="1984-04-15">15 April 1984</collectingDate>
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,
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B427FD86FC37FDA7" box="[598,926,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B427FD86FDC3FDA7" box="[598,618,591,617]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B41CFD86FD2BFDA7" box="[621,642,591,617]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA0C40FFB83752B4FEFD86FD6EFDA7" box="[655,711,591,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Stein</collectingMunicipality>
1572 &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B55EFD86FCEAFDA7" box="[815,835,591,617]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<location id="8EFEC0E1FFB83752B521FD86FC37FDA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E:8EFEC0E1FFB83752B521FD86FC37FDA7" box="[848,926,591,617]" country="Venezuela" county="Neblina Massif" latitude="0.8277778" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-65.98333" municipality="Stein" name="Gentry" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Amazonas">Gentry</location>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B5C1FD87FC48FDA6" box="[944,993,590,616]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B583FD87FB8DFDA6" box="[1010,1060,590,616]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B499C67FFB83752B248FD87FEBBFD7E" collectingDate="1984-02-14" collectionCode="R, NY, MO" country="Venezuela" county="Rio Negro" elevation="325" latitude="0.8333333" location="Puerto Chimo Camp on Rio Mawarinuma" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-66.11667" municipality="Cerro de La Neblina" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<collectingCounty id="62FFEEB6FFB83752B248FD87FB1AFDA7" box="[1081,1203,590,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Rio Negro</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA0C40FFB83752B2B1FD87FA05FDA6" box="[1216,1452,590,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Cerro de La Neblina</collectingMunicipality>
above
<location id="8EFEC0E1FFB83752B6A3FDBAFD0EFD42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E:8EFEC0E1FFB83752B6A3FDBAFD0EFD42" box="[210,679,626,653]" country="Venezuela" county="Rio Negro" latitude="0.8333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-66.11667" municipality="Cerro de La Neblina" name="Puerto Chimo Camp on Rio Mawarinuma" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Amazonas">Puerto Chimo Camp on Rio Mawarinuma</location>
,
<quantity id="4CD93BDFFFB83752B4C3FDBBFC9AFD43" box="[690,819,626,653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="150.0">
<elevation id="000C7109FFB83752B4C3FDBBFC9AFD43" box="[690,819,626,653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="150.0">150–500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE15F0FDFFB83752B54FFDBBFC36FD43" box="[830,927,626,653]" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" precision="925" value="0.8333333">00°50’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE15F0FDFFB83752B5D7FDBBFBA4FD42" box="[934,1037,626,652]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" precision="925" value="-66.11667">66°07’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9FB0FAFFB83752B269FDBBFB48FD42" box="[1048,1249,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="1984-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFDB4912FFB83752B269FDBBFB48FD42" box="[1048,1249,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" value="1984-02-14">14 February 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9554A28FFB83752B29DFDBAFA02FD42" box="[1260,1451,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B29DFDBAFAA9FD42" box="[1260,1280,627,652]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">R</collectionCode>
.
<location id="8EFEC0E1FFB83752B37AFDBAFAF6FD42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388272CFFBE3752B6F9FADDFEBFFD7E:8EFEC0E1FFB83752B37AFDBAFAF6FD42" box="[1291,1375,627,652]" country="Venezuela" county="Rio Negro" latitude="0.8333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-66.11667" municipality="Cerro de La Neblina" name="Liesner" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Amazonas">Liesner</location>
15902
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B6E0FD5FFF6BFD7E" box="[145,194,662,688]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED300EFFFFB83752B6A9FD5FFEA3FD7E" box="[216,266,662,688]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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