417 lines
56 KiB
XML
417 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C191F80A5C3101325BBF255692979C74">The first description of the female of Tritonaclia kefersteinii (Butler, 1882) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Syntomini), the type species of its genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8037C4E12F0EC646857B7D24B528291D">Przybyłowicz, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="867130C6A90173BEC422DBF5B11D1913">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 - 016 Kraków, Poland & lukasz @ isez. pan. krakow. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5456 - 9479</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCF522BC7105F35DAA6C9221E713DE7C" type="email">lukasz@isez.pan.krakow.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="242753D487D2A7334F93D02E86F28CCA">Wiorek, Marcin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="98AE764F3DD9DB682F833FE846DB063F">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31 - 016 Kraków, Poland & wiorek @ isez. pan. krakow. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4885 - 1301</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A18F517DB2944DECDD04A034C2036DF3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B9036EC001D8C5CFF2A1EF9FDC4FB39" blockId="1.[151,605,1194,1221]" box="[151,605,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFF2A1EF9FDC4FB39" authority="(Butler, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,605,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF2A1EF9FDC4FB39" bold="true" box="[151,605,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF2A1EF9FE35FB38" bold="true" box="[151,428,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia kefersteinii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001D8C5CFE061EF9FDCCFB39" author="Butler, A. G." box="[443,597,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref4521" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Descriptions of new species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Madagascar. Cistula Entomologica, 3 (26), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3356567001D8C5CFF2A1EBCFD81FADB" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9036EC001D8C5CFF2A1EBCFD81FADB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1263,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFF2A1EBCFE70FAFA" authority="Butler 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,489,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hydrusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF2A1EBCFEFFFAFA" box="[151,358,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Hydrusa kefersteinii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001D8C5CFED01EBCFE70FAFA" author="Butler, A. G." box="[365,489,1263,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref4521" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Descriptions of new species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera from Madagascar. Cistula Entomologica, 3 (26), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1882">Butler 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: Cist. Ent. 3(26): 2;
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<typeStatus id="5494884E001D8C5CFD071EBCFC8EFAFA" box="[698,791,1263,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♁, by monotypy, in the original description as
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<specimenCount id="9D29FD65001D8C5CFB401EA3FA89FAFA" box="[1277,1296,1264,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, in error; TL: “Ankafana” [sic!], “in the forest”
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3356567001D8C5CFF2A1F07FD88FA4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9036EC001D8C5CFF2A1F07FD88FA4B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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Material (
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<specimenCount id="9D29FD65001D8C5CFEB91F07FE16FA93" box="[260,399,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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)
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<specimenCount id="9D29FD65001D8C5CFE201F07FE59FA93" box="[413,448,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FF91102C001D8C5CFE701F07FDD8FA93" box="[461,577,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" value="2018-02-12">12.ii.2018</date>
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, Sava, Marojejy NP, camp 3, trap 11 (
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<quantity id="4CD79B09001D8C5CFC5D1F07FBA1FA93" box="[992,1080,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="1320.0">1320 m</quantity>
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),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502B001D8C5CFBF61F07FB5DFA93" box="[1099,1220,1364,1390]" degrees="14.4367" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" precision="5" value="-14.4367">14.4367°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1B502B001D8C5CFB731F07FAD4FA92" box="[1230,1357,1364,1391]" degrees="49.7434" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" precision="5" value="49.7434">49.7434° E</geoCoordinate>
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, lgt. C. Lopez-Vaamonde, MNHN-EL83626, preparation
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<specimenCount id="9D29FD65001D8C5CFD7B1F2AFD42FA6E" box="[710,731,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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No. 123; 1♁ as above, but
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||
<date id="FF91102C001D8C5CFBB21F2BFB1AFA6F" box="[1039,1155,1400,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" value="2018-02-10">10.ii.2018</date>
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||
, camp 3, trap 8, MNHN-EL83627, preparation ♁ No. 124.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3356567001D8C5EFF7A1F93FE08FC10" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9036EC001D8C5CFF7A1F93FD2FF80A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF7A1F93FE2DFA27" bold="true" box="[199,436,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Female description.</emphasis>
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Diagnosis. Generally, the black ground colour and pale pattern of wings, consisting of several blotches, make the female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFDF41FB6FD7DFA03" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[585,740,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hydrusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFDF41FB6FD7DFA03" box="[585,740,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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similar to the members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFB991FB7FAE2FA03" authority="Griveaud, 1964" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[1060,1403,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFB991FB7FB59FA03" box="[1060,1216,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001D8C5CFB771FB7FAE2FA03" author="Griveaud, P." box="[1226,1403,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref4631" refString="Griveaud, P. (1964) Insectes Lepidopteres Amatidae. Faune de Madagascar, 17, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1964">Griveaud, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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as well as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFF531C5BFDBFF9DF" authority="Hampson, 1898" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1898" box="[238,550,1544,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF531C5BFEF3F9DF" box="[238,362,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001D8C5CFECC1C5AFDBFF9DF" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[369,550,1544,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" refId="ref4876" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1898) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, London, XXII + 559 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52217" type="book" year="1898">Hampson, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. However, it is easily distinguishable from all known
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFB381C5BFAE0F9DF" box="[1157,1401,1544,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFB381C5BFAB8F9DF" box="[1157,1313,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
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||
species
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by the much longer forewing, which in the largest specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFCF31C7FFC73F9BB" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[846,1002,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFCF31C7FFC73F9BB" box="[846,1002,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not exceed the length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B09001D8C5CFAFB1C7FFA01F9BA" box="[1350,1432,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFF451C02FE16F997" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[248,399,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hydrusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFF451C02FE16F997" box="[248,399,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B09001D8C5CFE0D1C03FD98F996" box="[432,513,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFD1E1C02FCA3F997" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[675,826,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hydrusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFD1E1C02FCA3F997" box="[675,826,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is the only taxon within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFBF21C03FB72F997" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[1103,1259,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFBF21C03FB72F997" box="[1103,1259,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFA9D1C03FA05F997" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1898" box="[1312,1436,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFA9D1C03FA05F997" box="[1312,1436,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
with a series of three pale postdiscal blotches (m
|
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<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFD7C1CD5FD50F969" attach="left" box="[705,713,1670,1684]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">4</subScript>
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, m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFD521CD5FD65F969" attach="left" box="[751,764,1670,1684]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">5,</subScript>
|
||
and m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFCF71CD5FCCBF969" attach="left" box="[842,850,1670,1684]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">6</subScript>
|
||
), which are of similar size and well separated from each other. Although the same arrangement of blotches is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFC2F1CCBFBB7F94F" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[914,1070,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFC2F1CCBFBB7F94F" box="[914,1070,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that genus the subtornal ones (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFF0B1C9DFF27F921" attach="left" box="[182,190,1742,1756]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">5</subScript>
|
||
and m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFEB21C9DFE8EF921" attach="left" box="[271,279,1742,1756]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">6</subScript>
|
||
) are almost fused, separated only by the vein M3. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFC121CEFFBFAF92A" box="[943,1123,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFC121CEFFBB2F92B" box="[943,1067,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possess three separate postdiscal blotches, but in that case, the middle one (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFD4B1CA1FD67F8FD" attach="left" box="[758,766,1778,1792]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">5</subScript>
|
||
) is minute (like a dot), while the subtornal one (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFA961CA1FAAAF8FD" attach="left" box="[1323,1331,1778,1792]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">6</subScript>
|
||
) is larger than the subcostal blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001D8C5CFE681D45FE44F8D9" attach="left" box="[469,477,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">4</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFE481D57FD6CF8E3" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[501,757,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFE481D57FD6CF8E3" box="[501,757,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFC4E1D57FB16F8E3" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[1011,1167,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFC4E1D57FB16F8E3" box="[1011,1167,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFAA41D56FEC5F8BF" authority="(Oberthur, 1911))" baseAuthorityName="Oberthur" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moerens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFAA41D56FA05F8E3" box="[1305,1436,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">M. moerens</emphasis>
|
||
(Oberthür, 1911))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFE2F1D7BFDFFF8BF" box="[402,614,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFE2F1D7BFD97F8BF" box="[402,526,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing three distinct blotches in subbasal and discal areas. Finally, the important distinguishing character is the morphology of scales covering the blotches of the fore wing: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFA351D1EFE8AF877" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFA351D1EFE8AF877" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFE7D1D22FD00F877" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1966" box="[448,665,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFE7D1D22FD00F877" box="[448,665,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. quinquepunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) they are of a regular shape and very pale yellow to creamy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001D8C5CFAD21D23FF44F853" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Fig. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFD811DC7FD21F853" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1898" box="[572,696,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFD811DC7FD21F853" box="[572,696,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFCB21DC7FC32F853" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[783,939,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFCB21DC7FC32F853" box="[783,939,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the forewing blotches are semi-transparent, covered with smaller, scarce and pure white scales. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFCD01DEAFBDCF82F" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1966" box="[877,1093,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFCD01DEAFBDCF82F" box="[877,1093,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. quinquepunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the forewing is more elongate and less rounded at the tip than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001D8C5CFDAA1D8EFD36F80B" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[535,687,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001D8C5CFDAA1D8EFD36F80B" box="[535,687,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="476">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1AC4FC16FEBC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
In genitalia, the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFE461AC4FD0CFF4C" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[507,661,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFE461AC4FD0CFF4C" box="[507,661,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique by its prominent, elongated signum along corpus bursae, without any narrowings, which may suggest that it consists of two merged plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001E8C5FFBEA1AE8FB2AFF28" box="[1111,1203,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Signa of the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFEAE1A8CFE36FF04" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1964" box="[275,431,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Melanonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFEAE1A8CFE36FF04" box="[275,431,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Melanonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFE561A8CFDFEFF04" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1898" box="[491,615,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFE561A8CFDFEFF04" box="[491,615,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Tritonaclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually consist of one to three differently expressed, and always wellseparated plaques, produced with spine-like protrusions. It should be considered, however, that the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFA351B50FECAFEBD" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFA351B50FECAFEBD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. quinquepunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFE2C1B74FD5DFEBC" authority="(Keferstein, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[401,708,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tollini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFE2C1B74FE76FEBC" box="[401,495,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. tollini</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001E8C5FFE431B74FD22FEBC" author="Keferstein, G. A." box="[510,699,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref4924" refString="Keferstein, G. A. (1870) Entomologische Notizen aus dem Tagebuche des zu Madagaskar verstorbenen Herrn Tollin. Jahrbucher der Koniglichen Akademie gemeinnutziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt, 6 (2), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1870">Keferstein, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1B19FEC5FE08" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1B19FDBDFE98" bold="true" box="[199,548,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
Description (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001E8C5FFED81B19FE5AFE99" box="[357,451,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Proboscis well developed, ochraceous-yellowish; head entirely dark brown, covered with elongate scales, vertex also with admixture of piliform scales; labial palpi 3 segmented, bent upwards, 1/2 extending beyond frons, 2nd palpomere distinct, wide and 3x as long as wide, 3rd palpomere of 1/2 of the width and 1/2 of the length of 2nd; antennae filiform, dark brown, each mere lateroventrally with a pair of elongate ochraceous setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506664001E8C5FFF251E90FD04FA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" startId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" targetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF251E90FD04FA91" blockId="2.[151,1436,1219,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF251E90FEDBFB26" bold="true" box="[152,322,1219,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">FIGURE 1A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFEFB1E97FDB2FB21" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[326,555,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFEFB1E97FDB2FB21" box="[326,555,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Tritonaclia kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFDEA1E97FC8EFB26" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1966" box="[599,791,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFDEA1E97FC8EFB26" box="[599,791,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T.quinquepunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFC801E97FC5DFB21" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[829,964,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFC801E97FC5DFB21" box="[829,964,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female habitus; B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFB3B1E97FA94FB21" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1158,1293,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFB3B1E97FA94FB21" box="[1158,1293,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male habitus; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFF091EBBFEEEFB02" authorityName="Griveaud" authorityYear="1966" box="[180,375,1256,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF091EBBFEEEFB02" box="[180,375,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. quinquepunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFDA81F5FFD07FAD9" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[533,670,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFDA81F5FFD07FAD9" box="[533,670,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female genitalia; E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFCC81F5FFC67FAD9" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[885,1022,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFCC81F5FFC67FAD9" box="[885,1022,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia; F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001E8C5FFB031F5FFADEFAD9" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1214,1351,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFB031F5FFADEFAD9" box="[1214,1351,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1FC9FF7BF995" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1FC9FEBEFA49" bold="true" box="[199,295,1434,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Patagia dark brown with admixture of ochraceous brown, covered with both elongate and piliform scales, laterally with small yellow blotch of regular scales; tegulae basal portion with regular yellow scales, terminal portion and apex with piliform brown scales; thorax medially worn, with remnants of ochraceous-brown, regular scales; laterally above legs ochraceous-brown; metascutum covered with ochraceous brown piliform scales, metascutellum entirely worn; pleurites entirely ochraceous brown, covered with a mix of regular and piliform scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1C21FAD0F929" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1C21FE9FF971" bold="true" box="[199,262,1650,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Entirely dark brown, with some admixtures of ochraceous-brown scales, especially on feet; additional tooth on claw present, on the ventral side; arolium present, laterally produced with setae; tarsi lateroventrally on margins with rows of spine-like setae, and terminally on dorsal side, over claws with pair of elongate setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1C8DFEBBF8E1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1C8DFEB8F905" bold="true" box="[199,289,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
. Tibia around 3/4 of femur length, epiphysis present, 1/2 of tibia, (tibia and 1st tarsomere a bit longer than femur).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1D75FA19F8BD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" box="[199,1408,1830,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1D75FE82F8BD" bold="true" box="[199,283,1830,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Midleg</emphasis>
|
||
. One pair of ochraceous brown terminal spurs, distal slightly longer and of the length of tibia width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5FFF7A1D19FB95F875" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1D19FEBFF899" bold="true" box="[199,294,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Hindleg</emphasis>
|
||
. One pair of ochraceous brown terminal spurs, distal slightly longer, of the width of tibia; additional pair of spurs in 2/3 of tibia; tibia slightly widening till 1/3, then of equal width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001E8C5EFF7A1DC1FC47FF04" blockId="2.[151,1437,1434,2036]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001E8C5FFF7A1DC1FEDAF851" bold="true" box="[199,323,1938,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="477">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
First tergite entirely ochraceous brown, covered with both regular elongate, and piliform scales; terga 2nd – 6th dark brown, laterally on each side on terminal margin irregular, slightly elongate yellow blotch; tergite 7th entirely dark brown, tergite 8th dark brown, laterally in distal half with irregular yellow blotch, not reaching the terminal margin, which is entirely dark brown; sterna dark brown, medially with admixture of some ochraceous-brown scales; sternite 8th deeply incised, medially with subtriangular protrusion in front of ostium bursae, making the entire incision W-shaped; laterally entirely dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A1B51FC33FD54" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFF7A1B51FEA1FEE1" bold="true" box="[199,312,258,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
. Subtriangular, length of costa
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B09001F8C5EFD231B50FD76FEE0" box="[670,751,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Ground colour dark brown to almost black, with one yellow and six pale yellow, almost creamy blotches, two in basal, two in medial and three in distal portion of the wing; all blotches, except first basal, of similar shape and size, not semi-transparent, entirely covered with regular scales; first basal blotch (fm
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFE631BD2FE7FFE72" attach="left" box="[478,486,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">1</subScript>
|
||
) narrow, elongate, yellow, separated from hind margin by a very narrow stripe of brown scales; second basal blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFD881BF6FDA4FE4E" attach="right" box="[565,573,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">3</subScript>
|
||
) between DC hind margin and 1A+2A, of irregular, drop-like shape, elongate towards wing hind margin and sharply terminated, pale yellow to creamy; first medial blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFB5E1B9AFB72FE2A" attach="left" box="[1251,1259,457,471]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">2</subScript>
|
||
) from below R (touching), of 2/3 of DC width, terminated before DC hind margin, irregular, subtrapezoidal; second medial blotch (fm
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFF7D1842FF51FDE2" attach="left" box="[192,200,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">3</subScript>
|
||
) between M3 and CuA1, suboval, pale yellow to creamy; first distal blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFB921842FBAEFDE2" attach="left" box="[1071,1079,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">4</subScript>
|
||
) irregular, suboval with straight inner margin, pale yellow to creamy; second distal blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFCF61866FCCAFDBE" attach="right" box="[843,851,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">5</subScript>
|
||
) between R5 and M1, subtriangular, pale yellow to creamy; third distal blotch (m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFE5D180AFE71FD9A" attach="left" box="[480,488,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">6</subScript>
|
||
) between M2 and M3, subsquare, well separated from m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFBDD180AFBF1FD9A" attach="left" box="[1120,1128,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">5</subScript>
|
||
by a stripe of brown scales, pale yellow to creamy; underside as upperside, but hind portion with slightly paler scales; R4 absent, retinaculum present; cilia brown, along hind margin brown scales (also along fm
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFC2C18F2FC00FD52" attach="left" box="[913,921,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">1</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A18E1FE08FC10" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFF7A18E1FEA4FD31" bold="true" box="[199,317,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
. Oval, reaching to 1/2 of forewing, dark brown with pale yellow to yellow blotches; basal portion with large, pear-shaped blotch, below DC hind margin and CuA2, separated from wing basal margin by narrow stripe of brown scales, portion closer to wing margin yellow, remaining part pale yellow to creamy; in medial portion, between CuA1 and CuA2 small, suboval, pale yellow to creamy spot; in distal portion between CuA1 and M2 small round pale yellow to creamy spot, and between M3 and M2 small, irregular, subtriangular spot, the smallest one and of the same colour as the two above described; underside as upperside; cilia brown, along basal and hind margin piliform scales; frenulum present; distance between CuA1 and CuA2 approx. 1,5x longer than between CuA1 and M3; M2+M3 not fused, from the same point in DC lower corner, Sc+R completely fused, DC outer margin concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356567001F8C59FF7A19A4FB8AFD78" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="3" pageNumber="478" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A19A4FD43FB14" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFF7A19A4FEA2FBEC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The female is generally similar to the male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001F8C5EFC9919A4FC02FBEC" box="[804,923,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with indistinct sexual dimorphism expressed mainly by the males’ smaller forewing, length of costa
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B09001F8C5EFD551E48FCADFBC8" box="[744,820,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1).The eyes of the examined male are proportionally larger (i.e. frons is narrower than in the female). The legs are identical, but without admixture of ochraceous-brown scales. On the abdomen the yellow blotch is present also on the 7th tergite, but less distinct, and marks on the 8th tergite have the form of small dots. The fore wing pattern is identical, and retinaculum is present; on the hind wing, the medial blotch between CuA1 and CuA2 is absent, and the second distal blotch between M2 and M3 is very indistinct, reduced to only a few pale yellow scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A1EA0FCC7FA60" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Based on the photos, the forewing pattern is uniform in the majority of the specimens, however, an additional small and elongate blotch may be present in the distal portion of the wing, below m
|
||
<subScript id="17AB34A9001F8C5EFBF51F7AFBC9FACA" attach="left" box="[1096,1104,1321,1335]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">4</subScript>
|
||
, and separated from it by the vein M2. On the hindwing, the first distal blotch is always present, while the medial and the second distal blotches are differently expressed, from well developed to completely absent. Additionally, in some specimens the medial and first distal blotch are narrow and elongate instead of round.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A1FF4FAB0F8B0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFF7A1FF4FD93FA3D" bold="true" box="[199,522,1446,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001F8C5EFE221FF5FE62FA3D" box="[415,507,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Opening of ovipore narrowly surrounded by dark, heavily sclerotized granules. Anal papilla broad and short, rectangular, densely scobinate, covered with moderately dense, soft, erect setae of various lengths. Subanal area prominent, subsquare, morphologically resembling anal papillae, provided posteriorly with a pair of elongate protuberances. Apophysis posterior slightly longer than anal papilla, well sclerotized, narrowly club-shaped. Apophysis anterioris slightly shorter, needle-like. Dorsal pheromone glands in form of very long, narrow, membranous, and distinctly pleated tubules with a much shorter, narrow, membranous diverticulum in 1/3 of their length. Ventral pheromone glands absent. Ostium subovate, membranous. Lamella antevaginalis and lamella postvaginalis fused in form of a belt surrounding ostium. Lamella postvaginalis broadly fused with anterior portion of 8th sternite. Sternite 8th narrow, with conspicuous postero-median concavity. Ductus bursae basally narrow, membranous then distinctly sclerotized and posteriorly widened into prominent cervix bursae. Corpus bursae subovate, membranous, densely plicate. Signum in form of prominent, sclerotized, longitudinal plate along of corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis narrow, membranous originating laterally from central portion of ductus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC001F8C5EFF7A1D04FE68F820" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFF7A1D04FD37F88D" bold="true" box="[199,686,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Male genitalia redescription (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A69001F8C5EFD9A1D05FD06F88D" box="[551,671,1878,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D6F001F8C5EFC111D04FBDDF88C" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[940,1092,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Tritonaclia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kefersteinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE001F8C5EFC111D04FBDDF88C" box="[940,1092,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="478">T. kefersteinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described and illustrated for the first time by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D001F8C5EFEC81D28FDB1F868" author="Griveaud, P." box="[373,552,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="478" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref4631" refString="Griveaud, P. (1964) Insectes Lepidopteres Amatidae. Faune de Madagascar, 17, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1964">Griveaud (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p: 76, figs 181–183). However, that description is very short and the drawings, especially the one depicting the phallus, are inaccurate. Therefore, a detailed description supplemented with illustrations is provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC00188C59FF7A1AC4FB3EFE2C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">
|
||
Tegumen well developed, broad, moderately sclerotized; lateral margin with directed ventrally, lobate, flattened protrusion densely covered with numerous setae; ventral portion narrowing towards connection with vinculum. Uncus prominent, in form of a sclerotized tube, terminated with ventrally directed hook and sublaterally covered with numerous, elongated, protruding setae. Vinculum narrow, moderately sclerotized. Saccus short, and subtriangular. Juxta weakly sclerotized but well developed, x-shaped, with arms surrounding phallobase more extensive (however this character is not correctly visible in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6900188C59FDDF1B18FD21FE98" box="[610,696,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1219,1243]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,530,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-178@2.[213,1373,522,1193]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Tritonacliakefersteinii andT.quinquepunctata.A, T.kefersteinii, female habitus; B, T.kefersteinii, male habitus; C, T. quinquepunctata, male habitus, (Madagascar Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, versant Sud, 1850 m, Andohananalila, déb. III- 1967, P. Soga, MNHN-EL74626); D, T. kefersteinii, female genitalia; E, T. kefersteinii, male genitalia; F, T. kefersteinii, phallus with enlarged, everted region of vesica, black arrow—irregular scobinations surrounding the origin of ductus ejaculatorius; red arrow—indistinct, membranous lateral protrusion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valva elongate, moderately sclerotized, sacculus half length of valva, then transformed into a prominent, sclerotized, hook-like process directed distally along the ventral surface of valva; near costa small patch of protruding setae ventro-medially; terminal portion of valva more membranous, tapering into a dull termination and covered in subsaccular zone with short, protruding setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC00188C59FF7A1B88FC01FDC0" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Phallus short, broad, straight. Vesica elongate, tubular, the width of phallus, terminated with a patch of prominent, sclerotized cornuti; ductus ejaculatorius membranous, originating from 2/3 the length of vesica, at base with indistinct membranous diverticulum and irregular scobinations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC00188C59FF7A1814FB8AFD78" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE00188C59FF7A1814FE2DFD9C" bold="true" box="[199,436,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Molecular remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The examined male and female specimens are confirmed to be conspecific also based on the molecular results, with the p-distance between COI-5P sequences of 0.00%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656700188C59FF7A18DDFB3FFCC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="479" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036EC00188C59FF7A18DDFB3FFCC4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAFE00188C59FF7A18DDFEF8FD55" bold="true" box="[199,353,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known so far only from two localities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A6900188C59FC0818DCFC60FD54" box="[949,1017,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[379,1209,237,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-50@5.[379,1209,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of Tritonaclia kefersteinii and T. quinquepunctata. Red dot—Ankafina, the type locality of T. kefersteinii, yellow dot—Tsaratanana, the type locality of T. quinquepunctata, green dot—Marojejy National Park, where both species co-occur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8392077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8392077/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first of them is the type locality, “Ankafana”, localised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B1D00188C59FE0418E0FDD4FD30" author="Viette, P." box="[441,589,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479" refId="ref5635" refString="Viette, P. (1991) Faune de Madagascar. Supplement 2. Principales localites ou des insectes ont ete recueillis a Madagascar. Privately published by the author, s. l., 88 pp." type="book" year="1991">Viette (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be the forest of Ankafina, located
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0900188C59FC4D18E0FBB0FD30" box="[1008,1065,691,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="479" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Ambohimahasoa, in the area of Tsarafidy in Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338767C00188C59FE771884FDCAFD0C" box="[458,595,727,753]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494884E00188C59FD4A1884FCC0FD0C" box="[759,857,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the only record from this locality known to us. All other specimens examined in MNHN (n=8) and NHMUK (n=2) were collected in Marojejy National Park in North East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338767C00188C59FF73194CFECEFCC4" box="[206,343,799,825]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="479">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species was recorded in an elevation range between 1140 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B0900188C59FBF7194DFB3BFCC4" box="[1098,1186,798,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="479" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |