277 lines
35 KiB
XML
277 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="D694BCF40464550BA0C9514BB0C7D345" ID-CLB-Dataset="29092" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.16" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b9a97f6-69a8-491a-9d07-795021e67e29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1457411" ID-ZooBank="9FF7EC56-E30D-41E9-A748-D1132F3F07D9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539262551596" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Araya, Juan Francisco & Gooday, Andrew J." docDate="2018" docId="038687F55354FFDBFF081599C4D1D184" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4455.3.16.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4455 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Reticulammina novaezelandica Tendal 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="591" masterDocId="FFBFFF8D5354FFD8FF9F1201C75BD039" masterDocTitle="First record of a Xenophyophore (Rhizaria: Foraminifera) on the Chilean margin" masterLastPageNumber="592" masterPageNumber="589" pageNumber="589" updateTime="1698575840749" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F5B393E35DC4CC008B38E9A1860F8F2E">First record of a Xenophyophore (Rhizaria: Foraminifera) on the Chilean margin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F37549AEDB832DC424A27DABA980CB2">Araya, Juan Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8036B83612CA59130CF1212AB7BFFEBA">Gooday, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="743F5C57FB24D7E0ECB2F52E94CE4C26">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FCCBB54C08ECA1388FB2FF35453C9F97">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038687F55354FFDBFF081599C4D1D184" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5957462" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148691350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5957462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687F55354FFDBFF081599C4D1D184" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F55354FFDBFF081599C4D1D184" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<subSubSection id="C33565685354FFD8FF081599C40BD78B" box="[151,848,1944,1970]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605354FFD8FF081599C5E3D78B" authority="Tendal, 1972" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,696,1944,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15354FFD8FF081599C549D78B" bold="true" box="[151,530,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FD861599C5E3D78B" box="[537,696,1944,1970]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13142A665354FFD8FD581599C413D78B" box="[711,840,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[180,1413,807,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[180,1413,807,1669]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Reticulammina novaezelandica Tendal, 1972 (MNHNCL PRO-15000). a–d, four views of entire specimen. e, detail showing the abraded surfaces of the lamellae separated by open spaces. f, specimen attached to rock. Scale is 10 mm for a–d and f, and 2 mm for e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457413/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">Fig. 1A–D</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33565685354FFD8FF0815BAC3F1D7D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E35354FFD8FF0815BAC3F1D7D4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1944,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605354FFD8FF0815BAC529D7E9" authority="Tendal, 1972: 29" authorityName="Tendal" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,626,1979,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15354FFD8FF0815BAC69FD7E9" box="[151,452,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FE5315BAC529D7E9" author="" box="[460,626,1979,2000]" page="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FE5315BAC515D7E9" box="[460,590,1979,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 29
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 3E–G;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FD7B15BAC4D1D7E9" author="" box="[740,906,1979,2000]" page="94" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FD7B15BAC43ED7E9" box="[740,869,1979,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2457" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1975) The xenophyophores of New Zealand. Tuatara, 21, 92 - 97." type="journal article">Tendal, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 94
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FC4715BAC324D7E9" author="" box="[984,1151,1979,2000]" page="86" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FC4715BAC302D7E9" box="[984,1113,1979,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2480" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1976) Synoptic checklist and bibliography of the Xenophyophorea (Protista), with a zoogeographical survey of the group. Galathea Reports, 17, 79 ‾ 101." type="journal article">Tendal, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 86
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FB1615BAC2C2D7E9" author="" box="[1161,1433,1979,2000]" page="202" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FB1615BAC233D7E9" box="[1161,1384,1979,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2596" refString="Tendal, O. S. & Lewis, K. B. (1978) New Zealand xenophyophores: upper bathyal distribution, photographs of growth position and a new species. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 12, 197 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.1978.9515741" type="journal article">Tendal & Lewis, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 202
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FF5815D9C622D7D4" author="" box="[199,377,2008,2029]" page="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FF5815D9C60ED7D4" box="[199,341,2008,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref1830" refString="Dawson, E. W. (1992) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Index to the fauna: 1. Protozoa. - Memoirs of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 99, 1 - 368." type="journal article">Dawson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 83
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FE1C15D9C558D7D4" box="[387,515,2008,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2517" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1996) Synoptic checklist and bibliography of the Xenophyophorea (Protista), with a zoogeographical survey of the group. Galathea Reports, 17, 79 - 101." type="journal article">Tendal, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 86.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FDD715D9C462D7D4" author="" box="[584,825,2008,2029]" page="265" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FDD715D9C452D7D4" box="[584,777,2008,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2018" refString="Hayward, B. W., Tendal, O. S., Carter, R., Grenfell, H. R., Morgans, H. E. G., Scott, G. H., Strong, C. P. & Hayward, J. J. (2007) Phylum Foraminifera. Foraminifera and Xenophyophores. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), The New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity: A Species 2000 Symposium Review. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 242 - 287." type="book chapter">
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Hayward
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15354FFD8FD3915D9C58BD7D4" box="[678,720,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 265
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10F25354FFD8FCDD15D9C312D7D4" author="" box="[834,1097,2008,2029]" page="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125354FFD8FCDD15D9C37CD7D4" box="[834,1063,2008,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="589" refId="ref2308" refString="MacDiarmid, A., Bowden, D., Cummings, V., Morrison, M., Jones, E., Kelly, M., Neil, H., Nelson, W. & Rowden, A. (2013) Sensitive marine benthic habitats defined. Prepared for Ministry for the Environment. NIWA Client Report No, WLG 2013 - 18, 1 - 72." type="journal article">
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MacDiarmid
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15354FFD8FC5C15D9C4B6D7D4" box="[963,1005,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 60
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 3–23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33565685355FFD9FF081296C547D146" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E35355FFD9FF081296C547D146" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FF081296C679D096" bold="true" box="[151,290,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Description.</emphasis>
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Test rounded, measuring up to about
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<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FD521299C447D096" box="[717,796,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
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in maximum dimension. It is composed of anastomosing lamella-like branches that measure about
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<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FDC712BBC5F1D0E8" box="[600,682,186,209]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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to
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<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FD5012BBC474D0E8" box="[719,815,186,209]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.40 mm</quantity>
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in width. The open spaces of the test are mostly circular, occasionally oval, and
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<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FE0E12DCC55FD0CD" box="[401,516,221,244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 4 mm</quantity>
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wide. The colour is light greyish-brown. Internal xenophyae are visible on abraided surfaces. They are abundant and consist mainly of foraminiferan and radiolarian tests, with a few sponge spicules and some fine sediment particles. The thin surface layer is composed of fine sediment with a few scattered foraminiferan tests. Granellare and stercomare cannot be seen, but some scattered stercomata, with diameters of 20–80 micrometers, are visible in SEM images (
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<figureCitation id="13142A665355FFD9FE201369C54BD146" box="[447,528,360,383]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,414,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[174,1420,414,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Reticulammina novaezelandica Tendal, 1972 (MNHNCL PRO-15000). Details of the specimen: a, SEM view of lamellae and open spaces forming the reticulated structure. b, overview of agglutinated material. c, detail of agglutinated material showing foraminiferan and radiolarian tests and sponge spicule fragments. d, foraminiferan test. e–f, radiolarian tests; some scattered stercomata are visible in e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457415/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33565685355FFD9FF58138BC472D230" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E35355FFD9FF58138BC472D230" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FF58138BC602D19B" bold="true" box="[199,345,394,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605355FFD9FEFF1388C5F5D198" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[352,686,393,417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FEFF1388C5F5D198" box="[352,686,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described originally from two specimens collected at
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<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FABD138BC2C0D198" box="[1314,1435,394,417]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.72" metricValueMax="9.84" metricValueMin="9.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="972.0" valueMax="984.0" valueMin="960.0">960–984 m</quantity>
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||
at the top of Aotea Seamount in the Eastern
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||
<collectingRegion id="49EBF8015355FFD9FDEF13ACC598D1FD" box="[624,707,429,452]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Tasman</collectingRegion>
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Sea west of North Island (
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735355FFD9FC7F13ACC32ED1FD" box="[992,1141,429,452]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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), and from a third collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FF2F13D1C7AFD1DE" box="[176,244,464,487]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="743.0">743 m</quantity>
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||
on the continental slope off the Bay of Islands, east of North Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FC5013D1C305D1DE" box="[975,1118,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FBF713D1C3FAD1DE" box="[1128,1185,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2457" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1975) The xenophyophores of New Zealand. Tuatara, 21, 92 - 97." type="journal article">1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The present specimen is the first record for the species outside
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735355FFD9FDD813F3C58DD230" box="[583,726,498,521]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
waters.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565685355FFDBFF581015C4D1D184" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E35355FFD9FF581015C4A1D2C5" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FF581015C66ED215" bold="true" box="[199,309,532,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Remarks.</emphasis>
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||
The new specimens closely resemble the original description and illustrations given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FB401014C235D215" box="[1247,1390,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal (1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FF551039C603D276" box="[202,344,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2457" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1975) The xenophyophores of New Zealand. Tuatara, 21, 92 - 97." type="journal article">Tendal, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605355FFD9FE181036C58CD276" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[391,727,567,591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FE181036C58CD276" box="[391,727,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leaving little doubt that they represent the same morphospecies. The only obvious differences compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549488415355FFD9FD11105BC5B0D248" box="[654,747,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FD65105BC36AD248" box="[762,1073,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal 1972, Pl. 3, figs E–G</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are that the test is about half the size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FF4E107CC645D2AD" box="[209,286,637,660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FD82107CC536D2AD" box="[541,621,637,660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
), more globular in shape, and the open spaces within it are more rounded. Unfortunately, since DNA data are not available for the Chilean specimen or for any of the original
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735355FFD9FA9710A1C2C7D28E" box="[1288,1436,672,695]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605355FFD9FE8810C3C686D2E0" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[279,477,705,729]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FE8810C3C686D2E0" box="[279,477,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">R. novaezelandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the identification could not be confirmed genetically, leaving open the possibility that they represent morphologically congruent but genetically distinct cryptic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF50666B5355FFD9FF08148EC65CD6E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457413/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" startId="1.[151,244,1679,1701]" targetBox="[180,1413,807,1669]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E35355FFD9FF08148EC65CD6E6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1679,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FF08148EC654D69C" bold="true" box="[151,271,1679,1701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605355FFD9FE88148EC595D69D" authority="Tendal, 1972" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[279,718,1679,1700]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FE88148EC51DD69D" box="[279,582,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
|
||
Tendal, 1972
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHNCL PRO-15000). a–d, four views of entire specimen. e, detail showing the abraded surfaces of the lamellae separated by open spaces. f, specimen attached to rock. Scale is 10 mm for a–d and f, and 2 mm for e.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E35355FFDAFF58150BC560D141" blockId="1.[151,1436,1802,2027]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,376]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">
|
||
The present record doubles the depth range of this morphospecies (from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FC46150BC308D718" box="[985,1107,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.635" metricValueMax="9.84" metricValueMin="7.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="863.5" valueMax="984.0" valueMin="743.0">743–984 m</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FBE8150BC256D718" box="[1143,1293,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
) and extends its geographical distribution by approximately 128° (more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B065355FFD9FCC4152DC497D77A" box="[859,972,1836,1859]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.033" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" unit="km" value="10330.0">10330 km</quantity>
|
||
) in an easterly direction across the South Pacific Ocean. Little is known about the biogeographic ranges of xenophyophore morphospecies. Many that occur in the Pacific (for example, most
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FE24156FC501D7BF" box="[443,602,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Stannophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
species) are currently unknown in the Atlantic, and vice versa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FA97156EC2CCD7BF" box="[1288,1431,1903,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FF081590C78BD791" box="[151,208,1937,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2517" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1996) Synoptic checklist and bibliography of the Xenophyophorea (Protista), with a zoogeographical survey of the group. Galathea Reports, 17, 79 - 101." type="journal article">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphological evidence suggests that at least some species have limited ranges across the CCZ, with distributions possibly related to gradients in depth and surface productivity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFD9FCD715B3C369D7F0" box="[840,1074,1969,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref1870" refString="Gooday, A. J., Holzmann, M., Goineau, A., Pearce, R. B., Voltski, I., Weber, A. A. T. & Pawlowski, J. (2017) Five new species and two new genera of xenophyophores (Foraminifera: Rhizaria) from part of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 093 / 4757204" type="book">
|
||
Gooday
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FC3915B3C48CD7F0" box="[934,983,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2017c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, wide ranges have been reported for a few species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605355FFD9FDDC15D2C42AD7D2" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[579,881,2003,2027]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="labyrinthica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15355FFD9FDDC15D2C42AD7D2" box="[579,881,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">Reticulammina labyrinthica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735355FFD9FBC115D5C3AAD7D2" box="[1118,1265,2004,2027]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="590">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125355FFDAFACD15D5C795D096" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="1" pageNumber="590" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and subsequently from the NE Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125356FFDAFD171299C4C2D096" box="[648,921,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" refId="ref1968" refString="Gooday, A. J. & Tendal, O. S. (1988) New xenophyophores (Protista) from the bathyal and abyssal north-east Atlantic. Journal of Natural History, 22, 413 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938800770301" type="journal article">Gooday and Tendal 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605356FFDAFC331296C39ED096" box="[940,1221,151,175]" class="Monothalamea" family="Syringamminidae" genus="Syringammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Psamminida" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="fragilssima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15356FFDAFC331296C39ED096" box="[940,1221,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">Syringammina fragilssima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from the Scottish margin and subsequently from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735356FFDAFDF212B8C5A6D0E9" box="[621,765,185,208]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125356FFDAFC9312B8C4CCD0E9" box="[780,919,185,208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" refId="ref2457" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1975) The xenophyophores of New Zealand. Tuatara, 21, 92 - 97." type="journal article">Tendal 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15356FFDAFC3412B9C3BAD0E9" box="[939,1249,184,208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">Stannophyllum globigerinum</emphasis>
|
||
is recorded from the eastern and central Pacific, around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33876735356FFDAFDCC12DAC5E6D0CB" box="[595,701,219,242]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off East Africa and the NE Atlantic, while
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15356FFDAFB2212DBC224D0CB" box="[1213,1407,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">Cerelasma massa</emphasis>
|
||
is recorded from off East Africa and the NE Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125356FFDAFD6412FDC4D0D12A" box="[763,907,252,275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" refId="ref2433" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A Monograph on the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Reports, 12, 1 - 99." type="journal article">Tendal 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An important caveat, however, is that these distributions are based entirely on morphological characteristics. Given the morphological plasticity of xenophyophore tests, and the relatively few characters that are available for discriminating between species, it is important for such wide ranges to be confirmed by genetic data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF50666B5356FFDAFF081526C6CCD7AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457415/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" startId="2.[151,244,1831,1853]" targetBox="[174,1420,414,1820]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E35356FFDAFF081526C6CCD7AA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1831,1939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15356FFDAFF081526C64AD704" bold="true" box="[151,273,1831,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605356FFDAFE831529C582D704" authority="Tendal, 1972" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[284,729,1832,1853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15356FFDAFE831529C517D704" box="[284,588,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
|
||
Tendal, 1972
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHNCL PRO-15000). Details of the specimen: a, SEM view of lamellae and open spaces forming the reticulated structure. b, overview of agglutinated material. c, detail of agglutinated material showing foraminiferan and radiolarian tests and sponge spicule fragments. d, foraminiferan test. e–f, radiolarian tests; some scattered stercomata are visible in e.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E35356FFDBFF5815B9C4D1D184" blockId="2.[151,1435,1976,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,445]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="2" pageNumber="591">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125356FFDAFF5815B9C687D7F6" box="[199,476,1976,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="591" refId="ref2167" refString="Levin, L. A. & Gooday, A. J. (1992) Possible roles for xenophyophores in deep-sea carbon cycling. In: Rowe, G. T. & Pariente, V. (Eds.), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 93 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 2452 - 2 _ 6" type="book chapter">Levin and Gooday (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that xenophyophore species, particularly those with reticulate or folded test morphologies apparently adapted to trapping suspended food particles, are most common on sloped or elevated terrain associated with enhanced current regime and particle flux. This concurs with previous observations of suspensionfeeding macroinvertebrates, including antipatharians, cirripedians, octocorals and pennatulaceans, living in the same fishing grounds as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D605357FFDBFEEB12DBC593D0CB" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[372,712,218,242]" class="Demospongiae" family="Psamminidae" genus="Reticulammina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezelandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15357FFDBFEEB12DBC593D0CB" box="[372,712,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Reticulammina novaezelandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFD4312DAC4E9D0CB" box="[732,946,218,242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref1619" refString="Araya, J. F., Aliaga, J. A. & Araya, M. E. (2016 a) First record of Lillipathes ritamariae Opresko and Breedy, 2010 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Biodiversity, 1 - 5. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0591 - 1" type="book">
|
||
Araya
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF15357FFDBFCB312DAC43AD0CB" box="[812,865,218,242]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">et al</emphasis>
|
||
2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFC5C12DAC353D0CB" box="[963,1032,219,242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref1692" refString="Araya, J. F., Araya, M. E., Mack, M. & Aliaga, J. A. (2016 b) On the presence of Distichoptilum gracile Verrill, 1882 (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea) in the southeastern Pacific. Marine Biodiversity, 1 - 5. [published online] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0616 - 9" type="book">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFB8612DAC304D0CB" box="[1049,1119,219,242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref1770" refString="Araya, J. F., Catalan, R. & Aliaga, J. A. (2016 c) A new deep-water Astyris species (Buccinoidea: Columbellidae) from the southeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 4139 (1), 140 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.1.11" type="journal article">2016c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence here of this xenophyophore species is consistent with the high megafaunal diversity observed at bathyal depths off the northern Chilean margin. We suspect that these giant foraminifera will prove to be abundant in this region, as they are on continental margins in other parts of the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFD091340C4F2D161" box="[662,937,321,344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref2554" refString="Tendal, O. S. & Gooday, A. J. (1981) Xenophyophoria (Rhizopoda, Protozoa) in bottom photographs from the bathyal and abyssal NE Atlantic. Oceanologia Acta, 4, 415 - 422." type="journal article">Tendal and Gooday 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Xenophyophores probably play an important ecological role in areas where dense populations occur by creating structures that host assemblages of macrofaunal, meiofaunal and microbial organisms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFDA81385C40BD1A2" box="[567,848,388,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref2251" refString="Levin, L. A. & Thomas, C. L. (1988) The ecology of xenophyophores (Protista) on eastern Pacific seamounts. Deep - Sea Research, 35, 2003 - 2027. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0198 - 0149 (88) 90122 - 7" type="journal article">Levin and Thomas, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as promoting the deposition of organic-rich particles that benefit sediment communities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B125357FFDBFDEA13A7C425D184" box="[629,894,422,445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" refId="ref2167" refString="Levin, L. A. & Gooday, A. J. (1992) Possible roles for xenophyophores in deep-sea carbon cycling. In: Rowe, G. T. & Pariente, V. (Eds.), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 93 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 2452 - 2 _ 6" type="book chapter">Levin and Gooday 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |