929 lines
115 KiB
XML
929 lines
115 KiB
XML
<document id="B778ED7309B17139A309B69BE17D4731" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174988" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9116231d-2e64-4adc-8811-8ce0d3e33bf4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174988" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459794450009" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ereskovsky, Alexander V." docDate="2006" docId="038687AA6D0DFFFFFE9550576167FD1E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01376p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1376" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oscarella malakhovi Ereskovsky, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFBFFFD26D0EFFF2FF9D514B6535FFD8" masterDocTitle="A new species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from the Western Sea of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698219515841" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C495034F4A7769474C8124DD1775D719">
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<mods:title id="9D43AD0369C59AB25645ADA7FDB1287D">A new species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from the Western Sea of Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="641572BE85B4B230D732B58F13757AC4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E19BB7A60F711A55D593AFF1D1B08FEC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="28B0ED35912C88760F41EDAA155BDF1B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EE9763EE90D75D4D2DF6F26E749E5F5C">Ereskovsky, Alexander V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6F900FA43BFF96BDE1768BA0F9746BE2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2209CF10826A7DF06E83A32E3A6970E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B955E780574C3A4F42C74873A493B912">
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<mods:date id="73D440E54D7554451E484F289A48CE06">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="20E476D3F2588CA08AF03382A438F31A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="887A1B60474D30E1211D877E5B39DEDC">1376</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5BA7137913A3A7636F09E63E1452B492">37</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9A1DD121ECA2EA76A6EAD529E1A48A44">51</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="684D58D5F63164CB4725489F21EC148F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="69E9C39D9A002AD8B0E2F6536CB9BC40" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174988</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C35BF43783BE7AF4D641162CA36671C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">9116231d-2e64-4adc-8811-8ce0d3e33bf4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F39C516ABB7044C7F9EC9367D5CEC9E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7B37EC3DD612A5DD1BA8EE78B7231A19" type="Zenodo-Dep">174988</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038687AA6D0DFFFFFE9550576167FD1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6253854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350836" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6253854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687AA6D0DFFFFFE9550576167FD1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687AA6D0DFFFFFE9550576167FD1E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C33565376D0DFFF1FE95505764BCFE81" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FE9550576752FEED" blockId="3.[264,615,283,345]" box="[264,615,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0D881D06D0DFFF1FE9550576752FEED" bold="true" box="[264,615,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FE9550576752FEED" bold="true" box="[264,615,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0DFFF1FE9550576737FEEE" ID-CoL="6SZ43" box="[264,514,284,310]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FE9550576737FEEE" bold="true" box="[264,514,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D0DFFF1FD9450506752FEED" box="[521,615,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FE95507464BCFE81" blockId="3.[264,615,283,345]" box="[264,393,319,345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FE8C507464B5FE81" box="[273,384,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="5.[264,367,1709,1733]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,367,1616,1640]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,367,1050,1074]" captionStartId-3="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionStartId-4="10.[264,367,1076,1100]" captionStartId-5="11.[264,367,1825,1849]" captionStartId-6="12.[264,367,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox-0="[271,1315,406,1685]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1319,310,1591]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1322,326,1052]" captionTargetBox-5="[286,1305,314,1795]" captionTargetBox-6="[492,1096,326,1033]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[271,1315,406,1685]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[267,1319,296,1591]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetId-4="figure@10.[264,1323,326,1052]" captionTargetId-5="figure@11.[286,1305,314,1796]" captionTargetId-6="figure@12.[492,1096,326,1034]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Photograph of a large specimen taken at 0.5 m depth on the stone, where is clearly visible the characteristics lumpy, microlobate surface. B) Photograph of a small specimen taken at 3 m depth on the shell of bivalve. The arrows show the sponge." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. General anatomy of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the arrangement of choanocyte chambers (CC) around exhalant canals, the large basal cavities (BC), and the embryous (E). B) SEM micrograph, showing the arrangement of ostia (O) on the exopinacoderm (Ex), inhalant canals (Ic), the larva (L), and the embryous (E)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. The anatomical structures of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the external part of sponge with the ectosome. B) SEM micrograph, showing the ostium, inhalant canal, exopinacoderm and choanocyte chambers distribution. C) SEM micrograph, showing the choanocyte chamber and apopyle. D) SEM micrograph, showing the exopinacoderm with the ostia arrangements. Abbreviation: Ap — apopyle; CC — choanocyte chamber; Ex — exopinacoderm; Ic — inhalant canal; O — ostium." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. The cells of the mesohyl in Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Endosimbiotic bacteria of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) TEM micrograph of bacteria type B 1 and B 2. B) SEM micrograph of bacteria type B 1 and B 2." captionText-6="FIGURE 8. Buds of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Photograph of a budding sponge. B) Photograph of the buds. The arrows show the buds." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174990/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174991/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174992/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/174995/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/174996/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Figs. 2–8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D0DFFF1FE9550C5611CFDA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FE9550C5611CFDA9" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FE9550C564C1FE70" bold="true" box="[264,500,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D0DFFF1FE6650C4675DFE71" box="[507,616,399,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FDF250C46795FE71" box="[623,672,399,425]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FD3A50C467D5FE71" box="[679,736,399,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">RAS</collectionCode>
|
||
10697 —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D0DFFF1FCC050C4669BFE71" box="[861,942,399,425]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D0DFFF1FC2450C466C9FE71" box="[953,1020,399,425]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, Gulf of the Peter the Great, Vostok Bay, Pashennikov Cape, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0DFFF1FC9C50FC6691FE09" box="[769,932,439,465]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="42.91389">42°54’50’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0DFFF1FC5250FC61BFFE09" box="[975,1162,439,465]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="-132.64555">132°38’44’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FB3A50FC61C1FE09" box="[1191,1268,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</quantity>
|
||
, the boulders,
|
||
<date id="FF91107C6D0DFFF1FEE350946731FE21" box="[382,516,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2006-11-08">11.08.2006</date>
|
||
, collector A.V. Ereskovsky.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D0DFFF1FCC4509466FAFE21" box="[857,975,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FC405094613BFE21" box="[989,1038,479,505]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FB8550946164FE21" box="[1048,1105,479,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">RAS</collectionCode>
|
||
10698 —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D0DFFF1FB4850946013FE21" box="[1237,1318,479,505]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D0DFFF1FE95534C647EFDF9" box="[264,331,519,545]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, Gulf of the Peter the Great, Vostok Bay, Pashennikov Cape, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0DFFF1FBFA534C6031FDF9" box="[1127,1284,519,545]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="42.91389">42°54’50’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
—
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0DFFF1FE9553646488FD91" box="[264,445,559,585]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="-132.64555">132°38’44’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FE495364672FFD91" box="[468,538,559,585]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF91107C6D0DFFF1FDB55364679BFD91" box="[552,686,559,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2006-11-08">11.08.2006</date>
|
||
, collector D.B. Tokina;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FC50536466CBFD91" box="[973,1022,559,585]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE796D0DFFF1FB9A53646175FD91" box="[1031,1088,559,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">RAS</collectionCode>
|
||
10699 — the same locality,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FEF1531C64A8FDA9" box="[364,413,599,625]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
, the stones, silt, 0 9.08.2006, collector A.V. Ereskovsky.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D0DFFF1FEA5533561F7FD31" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA5533561F7FD31" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA553356482FD40" bold="true" box="[312,439,638,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Intertidal and upper supralittoral
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FCDC5334668EFD40" box="[833,955,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0DFFF1FCDC53346683FD40" box="[833,950,639,664]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Oscarella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pinky-beige to yellow in color, with lumpy, microlobate surface, soft, slimy consistency, two particular kinds of cells with inclusions (vacuolar and granular cells), and with two endobiont bacteria species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D0DFFF7FEA553BD677CFE86" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA553BD6030FBD9" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA553BD64E5FCC8" bold="true" box="[312,464,758,784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Thinly encrusting, irregular, lobate sponge, generally pinky-beige, or yellow color, from 0.8–1.5 up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FD16525467D7FCE1" box="[651,738,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with a soft, slimy consistency. Lobes are small, round, and irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FD10520C67EFFCB9" box="[653,730,839,865]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,406,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[271,1315,406,1685]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Photograph of a large specimen taken at 0.5 m depth on the stone, where is clearly visible the characteristics lumpy, microlobate surface. B) Photograph of a small specimen taken at 3 m depth on the shell of bivalve. The arrows show the sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface is perforated by abundant inhalant ostia 9–12 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FDFF52246798FC51" box="[610,685,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,310,1591]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[267,1319,296,1591]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. General anatomy of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the arrangement of choanocyte chambers (CC) around exhalant canals, the large basal cavities (BC), and the embryous (E). B) SEM micrograph, showing the arrangement of ostia (O) on the exopinacoderm (Ex), inhalant canals (Ic), the larva (L), and the embryous (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most specimens are
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FC5B52246119FC51" box="[966,1068,879,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, and lumpy or undulating with a few oscular tubes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0DFFF1FCBE52DC66BFFC69" box="[803,906,919,945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. The sponge is loosely attached to the substratum. Under low magnification (40×) the colorless spherical choanocyte chambers can be seen in the living material, and orange spherical embryos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA555456020FB89" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA555456757FBF0" bold="true" box="[312,610,1038,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Soft tissue organisation.</emphasis>
|
||
A spicule and fibre skeleton is absent. The ectosome is 8–15 µm thick. Inhalant canals (6–3 µm in diameter) run perpendicular to the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FB23557C6030FB89" box="[1214,1285,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,310,1591]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[267,1319,296,1591]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. General anatomy of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the arrangement of choanocyte chambers (CC) around exhalant canals, the large basal cavities (BC), and the embryous (E). B) SEM micrograph, showing the arrangement of ostia (O) on the exopinacoderm (Ex), inhalant canals (Ic), the larva (L), and the embryous (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA55514602EFB11" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Choanocyte chambers are ovoid to spherical eurypilous, 12–33 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FB785514601EFBA1" box="[1253,1323,1119,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. The anatomical structures of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the external part of sponge with the ectosome. B) SEM micrograph, showing the ostium, inhalant canal, exopinacoderm and choanocyte chambers distribution. C) SEM micrograph, showing the choanocyte chamber and apopyle. D) SEM micrograph, showing the exopinacoderm with the ostia arrangements. Abbreviation: Ap — apopyle; CC — choanocyte chamber; Ex — exopinacoderm; Ic — inhalant canal; O — ostium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). Exhalant canals run towards a well-developed system of basal exhalant cavities about 38 µm in diameter, lead to the oscula. Ostia are 9–12 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FB1B55E461F9FB11" box="[1158,1228,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. The anatomical structures of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the external part of sponge with the ectosome. B) SEM micrograph, showing the ostium, inhalant canal, exopinacoderm and choanocyte chambers distribution. C) SEM micrograph, showing the choanocyte chamber and apopyle. D) SEM micrograph, showing the exopinacoderm with the ostia arrangements. Abbreviation: Ap — apopyle; CC — choanocyte chamber; Ex — exopinacoderm; Ic — inhalant canal; O — ostium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA5559D665DFA49" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA5559D6763FB28" bold="true" box="[312,598,1238,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Cytology. Choanocytes</emphasis>
|
||
ovoid to pyramidal, irregular, 2.9 µm in the base and 4.1 µm high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FED155B464A4FAC1" box="[332,401,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Nucleus basal or, rarely apical, 2 µm in diameter. Cytoplasm with up to eight phagosomes from 0.6 to 2.3 µm in diameter. The collar measures 1.9 µm in width with about 27 microvilli. The choanocytes contact each other at their middle sections. Their basal parts show no or very rare pseudopodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA554D56642F9D1" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA554D564D9FA60" bold="true" box="[312,492,1438,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Apopylar cells</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FE6154D46777FA61" box="[508,578,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C) are roughly triangular in section, 8.4 µm wide by 3.6 µm in high. Nucleus is spherical, up to 2.3 µm in diameter. Cytoplasm contains mitochondria, digestive vacuoles, and small osmiophilic inclusions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA5575D6440F909" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA5575D6739F9E8" bold="true" box="[312,524,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Endopinacocytes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FD86575C6755F9E9" box="[539,608,1559,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E) are flat to irregular, flagellated 6.7 µm wide by 2.2 µm high. They are anchored in the mesohyl by long thin basal pseudopodia. Their free surface is studded with cytoplasmic projections. Nucleus is ovoid (2.3 µm in diameter), often with the nucleolus. The cytoplasm contains inclusions and phagosomes from 0.6 to 2.3 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF1FEA5579567C7F8F9" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0DFFF1FEA5579564CCF920" bold="true" box="[312,505,1758,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Exopinacocytes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0DFFF1FD945794676CF921" box="[521,601,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,326,1026]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. The anatomical structures of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the external part of sponge with the ectosome. B) SEM micrograph, showing the ostium, inhalant canal, exopinacoderm and choanocyte chambers distribution. C) SEM micrograph, showing the choanocyte chamber and apopyle. D) SEM micrograph, showing the exopinacoderm with the ostia arrangements. Abbreviation: Ap — apopyle; CC — choanocyte chamber; Ex — exopinacoderm; Ic — inhalant canal; O — ostium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D; 5 F) are similar to the exopinacocytes (5.4 µm wide by 2.3 µm high), except in their flat free surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0DFFF6FEA5566464B4FE5E" blockId="3.[264,1323,398,1905]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
A thin irregular layer of glycocalyx covers the surface of exopinacocytes, endopinacocytes, choanocytes and apopylar cells. Choanoderm and pinacoderm are lined by a basement membrane-like structure, which is a continuous, from 0.4 to 0,2 µm thick layer of condensed collagen fibrils in the mesohyl closely adjacent to the base of the cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FE8C50276463FE5E" box="[273,342,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA550D86608FE26" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA550D864C7FE75" bold="true" box="[312,498,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Archaeocytes (</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FE6C50DF670DFE76" box="[497,568,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1052]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,326,1052]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The cells of the mesohyl in Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FDE450D867B6FE75" bold="true" box="[633,643,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">)</emphasis>
|
||
very rare, ovoid to irregular, 4.6 µm. The cytoplasm has small phagosomes and rare electron transparent vacuoles from 0.6 to 1.1 µm in diameter. Nucleus ovoid or irregular, 2.6 µm, nucleolated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA553476165FDFE" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" box="[312,1104,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Within the mesohyl two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D0AFFF6FDC5534767A3FDFE" box="[600,662,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of cells with inclusions are observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA5537864B5FD46" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA5537864DBFD95" bold="true" box="[312,494,563,589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Granular cells</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FD9D537F677DFD96" box="[512,584,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1052]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,326,1052]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The cells of the mesohyl in Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C) are very rare, ovoid, about 4.5 µm. Cytoplasm filled with oval electron dense granules 1.1 µm. Nucleus, irregular 1.8 µm in diameter, without a nucleolus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA553E76790FC06" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA553E764D2FD1E" bold="true" box="[312,487,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Vacuolar cells</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FE6553E7677FFD1E" box="[504,586,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F; 6 D) abundant, often near the choanocytes chambers or exopinacoderm. These cells are ovoid to irregular 6.1 µm. Nucleus 1.7 µm in diameter, ovoid or compressed by the vacuoles. Cytoplasm with, 3–6 larger vacuoles, 2.9 µm in diameter, with clear and filamentous contents, 3–7 small inclusions (1.4 µm in diameter) with electron-dense homogeneous contents from spherical to triangulate, and pahgosomes 1 µm in diameter. This cell
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D0AFFF6FDD4523F674EFC56" box="[585,635,884,910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
to be involved in the secretion of ground substances of the intercellular matrix, because it is often seen liberating the contents of its larger, clear vacuoles in the mesohyl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FDAF528F674DFC06" box="[562,632,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1052]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,326,1052]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The cells of the mesohyl in Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA552A764DBFA4E" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA552A7671FFBDE" bold="true" box="[312,554,1004,1030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Symbiotic bacteria.</emphasis>
|
||
Endobiont bacteria of two kinds occur in the mesohyl: B1 and B2 both are extracellular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FD81555F6745FBF6" box="[540,624,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1350,1374]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,326,1326]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epithelial cells of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D; 6 A, C; 7 A, B). B1 is more numerous, oval peanutshaped, has a length of 1.1–1.7 µm and diameter: 0.5–0.9 µm. The cell wall is the Gramnegative. Under the cell wall there is a vast transparent space with filaments. The thickness of the space is very variable. A filamentous network of the nucleoid is irregular: thick elements are in center and thin filaments are closer to periphery of the cell. Near the cytoplasmic membrane a small layer of granular cytoplasm occurs. B2
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D0AFFF6FBC2559761A7FB2E" box="[1119,1170,1244,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is elongated with the length 0.4–1.1 µm and diameter 0.19–0.3 µm. The cell wall is Gram-negative and consists of two membranes, under which a thin electron transparent space is found. The thick nucleoid filaments form a more ordered voluminous structure with thin periphery of the dark cytoplasm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA554EF671DF95E" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA554EF64D6FA66" bold="true" box="[312,483,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Development.</emphasis>
|
||
During the end of July — the end of August sponges are full of oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages: from two blastomeres to larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FB2054876030FA3E" box="[1213,1285,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,310,1591]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[267,1319,296,1591]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. General anatomy of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the arrangement of choanocyte chambers (CC) around exhalant canals, the large basal cavities (BC), and the embryous (E). B) SEM micrograph, showing the arrangement of ostia (O) on the exopinacoderm (Ex), inhalant canals (Ic), the larva (L), and the embryous (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174991/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The larva is a typical homoscleromorph cinctoblastula with the lateral-posterior zone of the cells with intranucleolar paracristalline inclusion and basement membrane. In the larval cavity there are the symbiotic bacteria of two morphotypes. The posterior pole of larvae is colored orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF6FEA557DF67CAF926" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0AFFF6FEF257DF673AF975" box="[367,527,1684,1709]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEF257DF673AF975" box="[367,527,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D0AFFF6FEF257DF64B2F975" box="[367,391,1684,1709]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D0AFFF6FD8557DF674DF976" box="[536,632,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FD8557DF674DF976" bold="true" box="[536,632,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also display asexual reproduction by budding. Numerous small, spherical and transparent buds are visible on the sponge surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0AFFF6FBC657F76194F90E" box="[1115,1185,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox="[492,1096,326,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[492,1096,326,1034]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Buds of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A) Photograph of a budding sponge. B) Photograph of the buds. The arrows show the buds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174996/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The diameter of the buds is from 90 to 140 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0AFFF7FEA55647677CFE86" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FEA556476740F8FE" bold="true" box="[312,629,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0AFFF6FCB55647612BF8FD" box="[808,1054,1804,1829]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FCB55647612BF8FD" box="[808,1054,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D0AFFF6FBB5564761B2F8FE" box="[1064,1159,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FBB5564761B2F8FE" bold="true" box="[1064,1159,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occur as thin sheets on the sides of bivalve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0AFFF6FDFB567F6100F896" authority="Dunker, 1853" authorityName="Dunker" authorityYear="1853" box="[614,1077,1844,1870]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Crenomytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0AFFF6FDFB567F664DF895" box="[614,888,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Crenomytilus grayanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Dunker, 1853)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or on the lower side of stones in the Gulf of the Peter the Great, Vostok Bay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0BFFF7FC0150576102FEEE" box="[924,1079,284,310]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" precision="15" value="42.91389">42°54’50’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B507B6D0BFFF7FBC950576033FEEE" box="[1108,1286,284,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" precision="15" value="-132.64555">132°38’44’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) at a depth to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D0BFFF7FE1E500F64D6FE86" box="[387,483,324,350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2.2" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–4 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D0BFFF7FE6E500F6702FE86" box="[499,567,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[299,1292,329,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[299,1293,329,1801]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the collection sites of Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. in the Gulf of the Peter of Great, Vostok Bay (Pacific Ocean, Japan Sea). The circles indicate the exact collecting sites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174989/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D0BFFF7FE9557E66775F8F5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174990/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[271,1315,406,1685]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D0BFFF7FE9557E66775F8F5" blockId="5.[264,1323,1709,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0BFFF7FE9557E664A5F91D" bold="true" box="[264,400,1709,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D0BFFF7FD2957E566ADF91D" box="[692,920,1710,1733]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0BFFF7FD2957E566ADF91D" box="[692,920,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D0BFFF7FC3957E666CAF91D" box="[932,1023,1709,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D0BFFF7FC3957E666CAF91D" bold="true" box="[932,1023,1709,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) Photograph of a large specimen taken at 0.5 m depth on the stone, where is clearly visible the characteristics lumpy, microlobate surface. B) Photograph of a small specimen taken at 3 m depth on the shell of bivalve. The arrows show the sponge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D08FFF4FE95571B6145F917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174991/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[267,1319,310,1591]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D08FFF4FE95571B6145F917" blockId="6.[264,1323,1616,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D08FFF4FE95571B64B0F9B0" bold="true" box="[264,389,1616,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. General anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D08FFF4FDE8571B6660F9BF" box="[629,853,1616,1639]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D08FFF4FDE8571B6660F9BF" box="[629,853,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D08FFF4FCC0571B6680F9B0" box="[861,949,1616,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D08FFF4FCC0571B6680F9B0" bold="true" box="[861,949,1616,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the arrangement of choanocyte chambers (CC) around exhalant canals, the large basal cavities (BC), and the embryous (E). B) SEM micrograph, showing the arrangement of ostia (O) on the exopinacoderm (Ex), inhalant canals (Ic), the larva (L), and the embryous (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D08FFF4FEA5564964A8F8B5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<table id="F92FC41C6D08000DFE955649601FF8B5" box="[264,1322,1794,1901]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D08000DFE955649601FF8C5" box="[264,1322,1794,1821]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFE95564964F1F8C5" box="[264,452,1794,1821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D08FFF4FEA5564964F1F8C4" bold="true" box="[312,452,1794,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFE5256496755F8C5" box="[463,608,1794,1821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">The species</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFDF6564967C9F8C5" box="[619,764,1794,1821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">name refers</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFC9A564961B6F8C5" box="[775,1155,1794,1821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">to its collector, Prof. Vladimir</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFB135649601FF8C5" box="[1166,1322,1794,1821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">V. Malakhov</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D08000DFE955660601FF89D" box="[264,1322,1835,1861]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFE95566064F1F89D" box="[264,452,1835,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">(Moscow State</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D08000DFE5256606755F89D" box="[463,608,1835,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">University),</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D08000DFDF6566067C9F89D" box="[619,764,1835,1861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">who kindly</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D08000DFC9A566061B6F89D" box="[775,1155,1835,1861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">sent us a specimen, drawings,</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D08000DFB135660601FF89D" box="[1166,1322,1835,1861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">and external</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D08000DFE955618601FF8B5" box="[264,1322,1875,1901]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D08000DFE95561864F1F8B5" box="[264,452,1875,1901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">descriptions.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D09FFF5FE95555166E1FB07" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174992/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[264,1323,326,1026]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D09FFF5FE95555166E1FB07" blockId="7.[264,1323,1050,1247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FE95555164BCFBEA" bold="true" box="[264,393,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. The anatomical structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FD74555066F8FBEA" box="[745,973,1051,1074]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FD74555066F8FBEA" box="[745,973,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D09FFF5FC4455516101FBEA" box="[985,1076,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FC4455516101FBEA" bold="true" box="[985,1076,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) Light microscopy micrograph, showing the external part of sponge with the ectosome. B) SEM micrograph, showing the ostium, inhalant canal, exopinacoderm and choanocyte chambers distribution. C) SEM micrograph, showing the choanocyte chamber and apopyle. D) SEM micrograph, showing the exopinacoderm with the ostia arrangements. Abbreviation: Ap — apopyle; CC — choanocyte chamber; Ex — exopinacoderm; Ic — inhalant canal; O — ostium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D09FFF5FEA5545961A1F885" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D09FFF5FEA5545961F1FA2D" blockId="7.[264,1323,1298,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FEA5545964F6FAF4" bold="true" box="[312,451,1298,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FDC8545867FDFAF4" box="[597,712,1299,1324]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FDC8545867FDFAF4" box="[597,712,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cosmopolitan with 8 valid species known from different oceans around the world (Table 1), but only four species are known from the Pacific: two from the Indo-Pacific:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FD2B542866B5FAA4" box="[694,896,1379,1404]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigraviolacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FD2B542866B5FAA4" box="[694,896,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D09FFF5FD2B542867FBFAA4" box="[694,718,1379,1404]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. nigraviolacea
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FC205428647AFA7D" authority="Bergquist & Kelly 2004" authorityName="Bergquist & Kelly" authorityYear="2004" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stillans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FC205428610DFAA4" box="[957,1080,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D09FFF5FC20542866E0FAA4" box="[957,981,1379,1404]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. stillans
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FBD654286472FA7D" author="Bergquist" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Bergquist, P. R. & Kelly, M. (2004) Taxonomy of some Halisarcida and Homosclerophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Indo-Pacific. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Bergquist & Kelly 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one species form the Eastern coast of the former URSS —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FBA954C06465FA15" authority="Koltun 1966" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1966" class="Demospongiae" family="Halisarcidae" genus="Halisarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FBA954C061F0FA7C" box="[1076,1221,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D09FFF5FBA954C06179FA7C" box="[1076,1100,1419,1444]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. lobularis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FB4A54C06472FA15" author="Koltun" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of the northern and far eastern seas of the USSR (order Tetraxonida). " Nauka " Moscow-Leningrad, 112 pp. (In Russian)." type="book" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this record was considered unrecognizable by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FC6554F861D9FA15" box="[1016,1260,1459,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FBCA54F861BEFA14" box="[1111,1163,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. And one from the Eastern Pacific (California) —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FC8E5490618AFA2D" authority="Muricy & Pearse 2004" authorityName="Muricy & Pearse" authorityYear="2004" box="[787,1215,1499,1525]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D09FFF5FC8E5490661DFA2C" box="[787,808,1499,1524]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FC8E5490661DFA2C" box="[787,808,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">O</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FCAA549066A2FA2C" box="[823,919,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">carmela</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FC3B5490618DFA2D" author="Muricy" box="[934,1208,1499,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy & Pearse 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D09FFF5FEA5574861EFF965" blockId="7.[264,1323,1298,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FDA957486792F9C4" box="[564,679,1539,1564]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FDA957486792F9C4" box="[564,679,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the species level is difficult because species of this genus have no skeleton, and histological characters are homogeneous. The differences among species are mostly in external traits: color, consistency, and aspect of the surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FE8D5730677CF94D" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[272,585,1659,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FE5857306734F94C" box="[453,513,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FDCB5730660DF94D" author="Muricy" box="[598,824,1659,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FD28573067C4F94C" box="[693,753,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FCD857306177F94D" author="Muricy" box="[837,1090,1659,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Diaz, M. C. (2002) Order Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905, family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M. van (Eds), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2002">Muricy & Diaz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FBCD57306473F965" author="Bergquist" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refString="Bergquist, P. R. & Kelly, M. (2004) Taxonomy of some Halisarcida and Homosclerophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Indo-Pacific. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Bergquist & Kelly 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D09FFF5FECF57E86754F965" author="Muricy" box="[338,609,1699,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy & Pearse 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But many of them are greatly subjective to describe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D09FFF5FEA5578061A1F885" blockId="7.[264,1323,1298,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FEA557806718F93C" box="[312,557,1739,1764]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FEA557806718F93C" box="[312,557,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D09FFF5FDAB578167A0F93C" box="[566,661,1738,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FDAB578167A0F93C" bold="true" box="[566,661,1738,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is unique in color: pinky-beige to yellow color had not seen in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D09FFF5FE3957B86722F8D4" box="[420,535,1779,1804]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D09FFF5FE3957B86722F8D4" box="[420,535,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The surface aspects (smooth, microlobate) are helpful, but one cannot separate all species on that basis alone. The new species is thinly encrusting, irregular, sponges, with soft, slimy consistency, lobes are round and irregular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D06FFFAFAEA505666E0FD6E" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D06FFFAFAEA505660E0FEF6" blockId="8.[1399,1493,285,349]" box="[1399,1493,285,302]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D06FFFAFAEA505660E0FEF6" bold="true" box="[1399,1493,285,302]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">ZOOTAXA</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D06FFFAFA1C507766E0FD6E" blockId="8.[1399,1493,285,349]" lastBlockId="8.[247,1654,675,740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D06FFFAFA1C507760F9FE85" bold="true" box="[1409,1484,316,349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">1376</emphasis>
|
||
morphological, anatomical, cytological and ecological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFCA553E866BEFD6E" box="[824,907,675,694]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D06FFFAFCA553E866BEFD6E" box="[824,907,675,694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D06FFF8FE86539A61FBF99A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D06FFFBFE86539A6451F896" blockId="8.[247,1654,675,740]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,1564,1870]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D06FFFAFE86539A6343FD3C" box="[283,1654,721,740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFE86539A64B5FD3C" box="[283,384,721,740]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halisarcidae" genus="Halisarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobularis">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFE86539A6419FD3C" box="[283,300,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. lobularis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFE29539A671AFD3C" ID-CoL="74Z3S" box="[436,559,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFE29539A64F0FD3C" box="[436,453,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. tuberculata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFDF8539A6780FD3C" ID-CoL="74Z44" box="[613,693,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFDF8539A6743FD3C" box="[613,630,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. viridis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFD76539A6659FD3C" ID-CoL="74YS3" box="[747,876,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microlobata">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFD76539A67C9FD3C" box="[747,764,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. microlobata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFC0F539A6137FD3C" ID-CoL="6SZ3R" box="[914,1026,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="imperialis">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFC0F539A6696FD3C" box="[914,931,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. imperialis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFBAC539A61BDFD3C" ID-CoL="74YRS" box="[1073,1160,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stillans">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFBAC539A6177FD3C" box="[1073,1090,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. stillans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFB2F539A6074FD3C" ID-CoL="6SZ3S" box="[1202,1345,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigraviolacea">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFB2F539A61F6FD3C" box="[1202,1219,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. nigraviolacea
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAFAED539A60FAFD3C" ID-CoL="74YS2" box="[1392,1487,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAFAED539A60B4FD3C" box="[1392,1409,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D06FFFAF999539A6343FD3C" ID-CoL="6SZ43" box="[1540,1654,721,740]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D06FFFAF999539A6320FD3C" box="[1540,1557,721,740]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D07FFFBFEA5575666A5F9EE" ID-CoL="6SZ3S" authority="Bergquist and Kelly, 2004" authorityName="Bergquist and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[312,912,1564,1590]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigraviolacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFEA557566761F9EE" box="[312,596,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Oscarella nigraviolacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D07FFFBFDC1575766A5F9EE" author="Bergquist" box="[604,912,1564,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refString="Bergquist, P. R. & Kelly, M. (2004) Taxonomy of some Halisarcida and Homosclerophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Indo-Pacific. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Bergquist and Kelly, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new species by its dark violet, almost black color, and the oscules situated on top of papillae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D07FFFBFB30570E670FF95E" ID-CoL="74YRS" authority="Bergquist and Kelly, 2004" authorityName="Bergquist and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stillans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFB30570E601EF986" box="[1197,1323,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D07FFFBFB30570E61F0F986" box="[1197,1221,1605,1630]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. stillans
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D07FFFBFE955727670FF95E" author="Bergquist" box="[264,570,1644,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refString="Bergquist, P. R. & Kelly, M. (2004) Taxonomy of some Halisarcida and Homosclerophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Indo-Pacific. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Bergquist and Kelly, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a series of fused tubes up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D07FFFBFC4557276112F95E" box="[984,1063,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, some with solid branches, and it is dark honey yellow in color. It also has a characteristically high collagen deposition in the mesohyl, giving it a collagenous consistency.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D07FFFBFB9157F66490F926" ID-CoL="74YS2" authority="Muricy and Pearse, 2004" authorityName="Muricy and Pearse" authorityYear="2004" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFB9157F661A1F90E" box="[1036,1172,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D07FFFBFB9157F66111F90E" box="[1036,1060,1725,1750]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D07FFFBFB0257F76490F926" author="Muricy" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy and Pearse, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D07FFFBFDC957AE67CCF926" ID-CoL="6SZ43" box="[596,761,1765,1790]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFDC957AE67CCF926" box="[596,761,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D07FFFBFDC957AE6759F926" box="[596,620,1765,1790]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D07FFFBFC9A57AF6659F926" box="[775,876,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFC9A57AF6659F926" bold="true" box="[775,876,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by variability of color and surface characters: from light brown to tan or dull orange color, and from a smooth to microlobate surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D06FFFAFE9C53BE635DFA0E" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<table id="F92FC41C6D06000DFF6A53BE6343F9DF" box="[247,1654,757,1543]" gridcols="9" gridrows="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A53BE6343FBAE" box="[247,1654,757,1142]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A53BE64A5FBAE" box="[247,400,757,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Mediterranean Vertical walls 5–1 5 Pink-rose Soft Smooth Thik lobate 5–50</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C53BE6718FBAE" box="[433,557,757,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Mediterranean Walls, entrance of caves 4–35 Variable Cartilaginous Wrinkled Thik lobate 5–90</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD453BE67F1FBAE" box="[585,708,757,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Mediterranean Semi-obscure caves 6–15 Light-green Very soft, fragile Rugose Thin lobate 10–50</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A53BE6656FBAE" box="[743,867,757,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Mediterranean Semi-obscure caves 12–15 Light-brown Soft, fragile Rugose Thin lobate 10–50</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B53BE6134FBAE" box="[902,1025,757,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Mediterranean Vertical walls 12–20 Yellowish- white Soft Rugose Thik lobate 15–50</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB853BE61A7FBAE" box="[1061,1170,757,1142]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Indo-Pacific Vertical walls 12 Dark honey yellow Collagenous Very smooth Series of fused thin tubes 25-30</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFB3753BE6072FBAE" box="[1194,1351,757,1142]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Indo-Pacific Underside of plate coral 6 Dark violet, almost black Soft, limb, mushy Inflated, bubbly Lobate, convoluted 20-30</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC253BE60EAFBAE" box="[1375,1503,757,1142]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">N-E Pacific Boulders Intertidal Light brown to rusty orange Extremely soft, slimy Bumpy, microlobate Thin microlobate 5-10</th>
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B53BE6343FBAE" box="[1526,1654,757,1142]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">N-W Pacific Bivalve shells, stones 0.4 – 5 m Pinky-beige to yellow Soft, slimy Lumpy or undulated, microlobate Thin microlobate 8–15</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A55DF6343FB7F" box="[247,1654,1172,1191]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A55DF64A5FB7F" box="[247,400,1172,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">35-90</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C55DF6718FB7F" box="[433,557,1172,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">40-75</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD455DF67F1FB7F" box="[585,708,1172,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">30-75</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A55DF6656FB7F" box="[743,867,1172,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">40-75</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B55DF6134FB7F" box="[902,1025,1172,1191]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">45-80</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB855DF61A7FB7F" box="[1061,1170,1172,1191]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">17x30</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFB3755DF6072FB7F" box="[1194,1351,1172,1191]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">30-40</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC255DF60EAFB7F" box="[1375,1503,1172,1191]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">25-65</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B55DF6343FB7F" box="[1526,1654,1172,1191]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">12-33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A558F6343FB0F" box="[247,1654,1220,1239]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A558F64A5FB0F" box="[247,400,1220,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C558F6718FB0F" box="[433,557,1220,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD4558F67F1FB0F" box="[585,708,1220,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A558F6656FB0F" box="[743,867,1220,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B558F6134FB0F" box="[902,1025,1220,1239]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB8558F61A7FB0F" box="[1061,1170,1220,1239]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFB37558F6072FB0F" box="[1194,1351,1220,1239]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC2558F60EAFB0F" box="[1375,1503,1220,1239]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B558F6343FB0F" box="[1526,1654,1220,1239]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A55BE6343FAD0" box="[247,1654,1269,1288]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A55BE64A5FAD0" box="[247,400,1269,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C55BE6718FAD0" box="[433,557,1269,1288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD455BE67F1FAD0" box="[585,708,1269,1288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A55BE6656FAD0" box="[743,867,1269,1288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B55BE6134FAD0" box="[902,1025,1269,1288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB855BE61A7FAD0" box="[1061,1170,1269,1288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFB3755BE6072FAD0" box="[1194,1351,1269,1288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC255BE60EAFAD0" box="[1375,1503,1269,1288]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B55BE6343FAD0" box="[1526,1654,1269,1288]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A54636343FA7E" box="[247,1654,1320,1446]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A546364A5FA7E" box="[247,400,1320,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Rare Two types No No 3</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C54636718FA7E" box="[433,557,1320,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Common One type No No 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD4546367F1FA7E" box="[585,708,1320,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Common No One type No 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A54636656FA7E" box="[743,867,1320,1446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Rare One type No Two types 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B54636134FA7E" box="[902,1025,1320,1446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Common Two types No One type 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB8546361A7FA7E" box="[1061,1170,1320,1446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">?????</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFB3754636072FA7E" box="[1194,1351,1320,1446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">?????</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC2546360EAFA7E" box="[1375,1503,1320,1446]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Common One type One type No 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B54636343FA7E" box="[1526,1654,1320,1446]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Very rare One type One type No 2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351F34FE6D06000DFF6A54886343F9DF" box="[247,1654,1475,1543]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76CE5D826D06000DFF6A548864A5F9DF" box="[247,400,1475,1543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Schmidt 1862; Boury-Esnault et al. 1992</th>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFE2C54886718F9DF" box="[433,557,1475,1543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Schmidt 1868; Boury-Esnault et al. 1992</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFDD4548867F1F9DF" box="[585,708,1475,1543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Muricy, et al. 1996</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFD7A54886656F9DF" box="[743,867,1475,1543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Muricy, et al. 1996</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFC1B54886134F9DF" box="[902,1025,1475,1543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Muricy, et al. 1996</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFBB8548861A7F9DF" box="[1061,1170,1475,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Bergquist, Kelly 2004</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFB3754886072F9DF" box="[1194,1351,1475,1543]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Bergquist, Kelly 2004</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFAC2548860EAF9DF" box="[1375,1503,1475,1543]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Muricy, Pearse 2004</td>
|
||
<td id="76CE5D826D06000DFA6B54886343F9DF" box="[1526,1654,1475,1543]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Present study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D07FFFBFE95540D61E6FA31" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[264,1322,327,1326]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D07FFFBFE95540D61E6FA31" blockId="9.[264,1324,1350,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFE95540D64B9FA86" bold="true" box="[264,396,1350,1374]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Epithelial cells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D07FFFBFDC4540C660DFA86" ID-CoL="6SZ43" box="[601,824,1351,1374]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFDC4540C660DFA86" box="[601,824,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D07FFFBFCA2540D66A3FA86" box="[831,918,1350,1374]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D07FFFBFCA2540D66A3FA86" bold="true" box="[831,918,1350,1374]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) SEM micrograph of choanocytes. B) TEM micrograph of choanocytes (Ch), lined by a basement membrane, and apopylar cell (AC). C) SEM micrograph of apopylar cell, choanocytes and vacuolar cell (VC). D) SEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En) and symbiotic bacteria (B) in the mesohyl. E) TEM micrograph of endopinacocytes (En). F) SEM micrograph of exopinacocytes (Ex) and vacuolar cell (VC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D04FFF8FE95557F6710FB6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[264,1322,326,1052]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D04FFF8FE95557F6710FB6C" blockId="10.[264,1323,1076,1204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE95557F64B9FB94" bold="true" box="[264,396,1076,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
The cells of the mesohyl in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FD5D557E66AAFB94" ID-CoL="6SZ43" box="[704,927,1077,1100]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FD5D557E66AAFB94" box="[704,927,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D04FFF8FC3B557F66C8FB94" box="[934,1021,1076,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FC3B557F66C8FB94" bold="true" box="[934,1021,1076,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D04FFF8FEA555A361FBF99A" blockId="10.[264,1323,1256,1842]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Cytological characters, such as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D04FFF8FD7155A3661FFADA" box="[748,810,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of cells with inclusions present, are very important for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE29545B6712FAF1" ID-CoL="84RDJ" box="[436,551,1296,1321]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE29545B6712FAF1" box="[436,551,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species identification. Cells with inclusions are special sponge cells with different cytoplasmic inclusions, most of which have unknown functions (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FE95542B6482FAA2" author="Simpson" box="[264,439,1376,1402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Simpson, T. L. (1984) The Cell Biology of Sponges. Springer-Verlag, New York. xix + 662 pp." type="book" year="1984">Simpson 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FE5B542B6798FAA2" author="Muricy" box="[454,685,1376,1402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FDBA542B6750FAA1" box="[551,613,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999). They are diverse and abundant in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE9554C3644FFA79" ID-CoL="84RDJ" box="[264,378,1416,1441]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE9554C3644FFA79" box="[264,378,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and each species has a particular set of cells with inclusions that are useful characters for species identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FD4954FB612AFA12" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[724,1055,1456,1482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FC0D54FB66E7FA11" box="[912,978,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FBAF54FB6013FA12" author="Muricy" box="[1074,1318,1456,1482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FB0A54FB61ECFA11" box="[1175,1241,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FE9554936722FA2A" author="Muricy" box="[264,535,1496,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy & Pearse 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nowadays at TEM were studied only five Mediterranean and one East-Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE03574B6725F9C1" ID-CoL="84RDJ" box="[414,528,1536,1561]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE03574B6725F9C1" box="[414,528,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FDE2574B668DF9C2" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[639,952,1536,1562]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FCA8574B6644F9C1" box="[821,881,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FC58574B6192F9C2" author="Muricy" box="[965,1191,1536,1562]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FBB9574B6154F9C1" box="[1060,1121,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D04FFF8FB29574B64AEF99A" author="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy & Pearse 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE3257636714F999" ID-CoL="84RDJ" box="[431,545,1576,1601]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE3257636714F999" box="[431,545,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Indo-Pacific had not characterized cytologically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565376D04FFFFFEA5571B6167FD1E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D04FFF8FEA5571B6657F8EA" blockId="10.[264,1323,1256,1842]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The new species is similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FD37571B660DF9B1" box="[682,824,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FD37571B6601F9B1" box="[682,820,1616,1641]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D04FFF8FD37571B67F7F9B1" box="[682,706,1616,1641]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but differs from all other Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE955733644FF949" box="[264,378,1656,1681]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE955733644FF949" box="[264,378,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in its cell contents, which are simple, with only two kinds of cells with inclusions: granular cells and vacuolar cells with two different inclusions, osmiophilic and filamentous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A396D04FFF8FE39578364DFF93A" box="[420,490,1736,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1052]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,326,1052]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The cells of the mesohyl in Oscarella malakhovi sp. nov. A, B) TEM micrographs of archaeocytes. C) TEM micrograph of granular cell. D) TEM micrograph of vacuolar cells. Abbreviations: B — symbiotic bacteria; G — granule; N — nucleus; Nu — nucleolus; Ph — phagosome; V — vacuole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174994/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FD495783666FF939" box="[724,858,1736,1761]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FD495783666FF939" box="[724,858,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D04FFF8FD49578367D9F939" box="[724,748,1736,1761]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the new species has the granular cells, which absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FE4C57BB676CF8D1" box="[465,601,1776,1801]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FE4C57BB676CF8D1" box="[465,601,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D04FFF8FE4C57BB64DCF8D1" box="[465,489,1776,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The archaeocytes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FCF557BB613CF8D1" box="[872,1033,1776,1801]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FCF557BB613CF8D1" box="[872,1033,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D04FFF8FCF557BB66B5F8D1" box="[872,896,1776,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D04FFF8FB8957A46141F8D1" box="[1044,1140,1775,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FB8957A46141F8D1" bold="true" box="[1044,1140,1775,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D04FFF8FA9357BB645DF8E9" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D04FFF8FA9357BB645DF8E9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D04FFF8FA9357BB6013F8D1" box="[1294,1318,1776,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by absence of abundant long pseudopodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D05FFF9FE95566A6128F883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[286,1305,314,1795]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D05FFF9FE95566A6128F883" blockId="11.[264,1322,1825,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D05FFF9FE95566A64A5F8E1" bold="true" box="[264,400,1825,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Endosimbiotic bacteria of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D05FFF9FD5556696699F8E1" box="[712,940,1826,1849]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D05FFF9FD5556696699F8E1" box="[712,940,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D05FFF9FC25566A6126F8E1" bold="true" box="[952,1043,1825,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D05FFF9FC25566A6126F8E1" box="[952,1043,1825,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A) TEM micrograph of bacteria type B1 and B2. B) SEM micrograph of bacteria type B1 and B2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5066346D02FFFEFE9555696619FB84" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174996/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[492,1096,326,1033]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D02FFFEFE9555696619FB84" blockId="12.[264,1322,1058,1116]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFE95556964BCFBE2" bold="true" box="[264,393,1058,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
. Buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFD98556967DCFBE1" box="[517,745,1058,1081]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFD98556967DCFBE1" box="[517,745,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Oscarella malakhovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D02FFFEFD6B55696667FBE2" box="[758,850,1058,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFD6B55696667FBE2" bold="true" box="[758,850,1058,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) Photograph of a budding sponge. B) Photograph of the buds. The arrows show the buds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D02FFFEFEA555C1662CFB2C" blockId="12.[264,1323,1162,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
It is interesting, that the basement membrane-like structure of the new species is apparently thicker (0.4 to 0.3 µm) than in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFC4C55F86176FB14" box="[977,1091,1203,1228]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFC4C55F86176FB14" box="[977,1091,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— 0.005–0.02 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFE8D559164DAFB2C" author="Muricy" box="[272,495,1242,1268]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFEF255906496FB2C" box="[367,419,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Myricy & Pearce 2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D02FFFEFEA5544967FDF974" blockId="12.[264,1323,1162,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Other useful characters are symbiotic bacteria morphology. Different sponge species from one genus can possess various bacterial morphotypes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFC7B54616013FA9C" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[998,1318,1322,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFB03546061E0FA9C" box="[1182,1237,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFE95541964C2FAB4" author="Muricy" box="[264,503,1362,1388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFEF154186490FAB4" box="[364,421,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFDC454196652FAB4" author="Hentschel" box="[601,871,1362,1388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Hentschel, U., Schmid, M., Wagner, M., Fieseler, L., Gernert, C. & Hacker, J. (2001) Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria with antimicrobial activities from the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina aerophoba and Aplysina cavernicola. FEMS. Microbiological Ecology, 35 (3), 305 - 312." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Hentschel
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFD4654186621FAB4" box="[731,788,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFCE5541961ACFAB4" author="Muricy" box="[888,1177,1362,1388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G. & Pearse, J. S. (2004) A New Species of Oscarella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 (33), 598 - 612." type="journal article" year="2004">Muricy & Pearse 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Symbiotic bacteria have been found in the mesohyl of all species of Homoscleromorpha studied so far and the composition of the symbiotic bacterial populations has been shown to be species specific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFE4854816621FA3C" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[469,788,1482,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFD13548067F9FA3C" box="[654,716,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFCB954816654FA3C" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[804,865,1482,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Muricy, G., Gallissian, M-F. & Vacelet, J. (1995) Sponges without skeleton: a new Mediterranean genus of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae). Ophelia, 43 (1), 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFCEC5481616CFA3C" author="Muricy" box="[881,1113,1482,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFC4E54806124FA3C" box="[979,1041,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFB5D548161D4FA3C" box="[1216,1249,1482,1508]" name="American Samoa" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFA9354806723F9D4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFA935480645EF9D4" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFA9354806013FA3C" box="[1294,1318,1483,1508]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFEEA54B86723F9D4" box="[375,534,1523,1548]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFEEA54B864BAF9D4" box="[375,399,1523,1548]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D02FFFEFD8354B9674EF9D4" box="[542,635,1522,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFD8354B9674EF9D4" bold="true" box="[542,635,1522,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D02FFFEFD7A54B9662FF9D4" box="[743,794,1522,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of endosymbiotic extracellular bacteria. The differences between the symbiotic bacteria
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D02FFFEFCBC57516661F9EC" box="[801,852,1562,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D02FFFEFCE557516692F9EC" box="[888,935,1562,1588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFC285750616DF9EC" box="[949,1112,1563,1588]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFC285750616DF9EC" box="[949,1112,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFC28575066F8F9EC" box="[949,973,1563,1588]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D02FFFEFBFB575161FCF9EC" box="[1126,1225,1562,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFBFB575161FCF9EC" bold="true" box="[1126,1225,1562,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFA935750645DF984" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFA935750645DF984" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFA9357506013F9EC" box="[1294,1318,1563,1588]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: 1 — smooth cell without a wrinkles on its wall; 2 — the cytoplasm is clear and not dark; 3 — has biggest dimension then in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFCDB572066FCF95C" box="[838,969,1643,1668]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFCDB572066FCF95C" box="[838,969,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFCDB5720666BF95C" box="[838,862,1643,1668]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494881E6D02FFFEFB915721610BF95C" box="[1036,1086,1642,1668]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B596D02FFFEFBC4572161B3F95C" box="[1113,1158,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFB105720601FF95C" box="[1165,1322,1643,1668]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malakhovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFB105720601FF95C" box="[1165,1322,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFB1057206190F95C" box="[1165,1189,1643,1668]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. malakhovi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857D56D02FFFEFE9557D96450F974" box="[264,357,1682,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFE9557D96450F974" bold="true" box="[264,357,1682,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is smaller then in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFDA057D867F4F974" box="[573,705,1683,1708]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carmela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFDA057D867F4F974" box="[573,705,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D02FFFEFDA057D86760F974" box="[573,597,1683,1708]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. carmela
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D02FFFEFEA557F166ACF8FC" blockId="12.[264,1323,1162,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The sexual and asexual developmental characteristics of the new species are typical for the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFE2557A8671EF924" box="[440,555,1763,1788]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFE2557A8671EF924" box="[440,555,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described early (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFCF357A96013F924" author="Ereskovsky" box="[878,1318,1762,1788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Ereskovsky, A. V. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2002) Cleavage pattern in Oscarella species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha): transmission of maternal cells and symbiotic bacteria." type="book" year="2002">Ereskovsky & Boury-Esnault 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFE955641670FF8FC" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[264,570,1802,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Ereskovsky, A. V., Bezac, C. & Tokina D. (2003) Larval development in Homoscleromorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae) first evidence of basal membrane in sponge larvae. Invertebrate Biology, 122, 187 - 202." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFE27564064DBF8FC" box="[442,494,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D02FFFEFDDB564166B8F8FC" author="Ereskovsky" box="[582,909,1802,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Ereskovsky, A. V. & Tokina, D. B. (2006) Asexual reproduction in Oscarella (Porifera; Homoscleromorpha. Marine Biology. DOI 10.1007 / s 00227 - 006 - 0439 - 5." type="book" year="2006">Ereskovsky & Tokina 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036BC6D02FFFFFEA556796167FD1E" blockId="12.[264,1323,1162,1868]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1323,284,710]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The complete absence of a skeleton is shared the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFEFC6956786153F894" box="[1012,1126,1843,1868]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFC6956786153F894" box="[1012,1126,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D02FFFFFB2F5678649AFEEE" authority="Topsent, 1896" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1896" class="Demospongiae" family="Ianthellidae" genus="Hexadella" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" order="Verongida" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D02FFFEFB2F5678601EF894" box="[1202,1323,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Hexadella</emphasis>
|
||
Topsent, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFE2250576708FEEE" box="[447,573,284,310]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Verongida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFDD7505767ECFEEE" box="[586,729,284,310]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ianthellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ianthellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFD7350576122FEEE" authority="Nardo, 1847" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1847" box="[750,1047,284,310]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondrosiidae" genus="Chondrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFD7350576642FEED" box="[750,887,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Chondrosia</emphasis>
|
||
Nardo, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFBB9505764F5FE86" authority="Vacelet & Perez, 1998" authorityName="Vacelet & Perez" authorityYear="1998" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondrillidae" genus="Thymosiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFBB9505761F1FEED" box="[1060,1220,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Thymosiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
, Vacelet & Perez, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFE4B500F6744FE86" box="[470,625,324,350]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Chondrosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFD1E500F661CFE86" box="[643,809,324,350]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondrillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondrillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFCD9500F601FFE86" authority="Vacelet & Perez, 1998" authorityName="Vacelet & Perez" authorityYear="1998" box="[836,1322,324,350]" class="Demospongiae" genus="Myceliospongia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFCD9500F66CAFE85" box="[836,1023,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Myceliospongia</emphasis>
|
||
Vacelet & Perez, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Demospongiae
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFE5450276759FE5D" box="[457,620,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFD1950276174FE5E" authority="Johnston, 1842 Halisarcida" authorityName="Johnston, 1842 Halisarcida" box="[644,1089,364,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halisarcidae" genus="Halisarca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFD19502767CDFE5D" box="[644,760,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Halisarca</emphasis>
|
||
Johnston, 1842 Halisarcida
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Halisarciidae), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFE9550DF661AFE76" authority="Boury-Esnault et al., 1995" authorityName="Boury-Esnault et al." authorityYear="1995" box="[264,815,404,430]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Pseudocorticium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFE9550DF64FBFE75" box="[264,462,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Pseudocorticium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D03FFFFFE4350DF661AFE76" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[478,815,404,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Muricy, G., Gallissian, M-F. & Vacelet, J. (1995) Sponges without skeleton: a new Mediterranean genus of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae). Ophelia, 43 (1), 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFD0450DF67E8FE75" box="[665,733,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFCDB50DF6101FE76" box="[838,1076,404,430]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Homosclerophorida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFBD550DF61FCFE76" box="[1096,1225,404,430]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Plakinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These genera can also be distinguished through examination of histological sections to observe the shape and size of the canals, choanocyte chambers, larvae and cytological features. Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFE7353476754FDFD" box="[494,609,524,549]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFE7353476754FDFD" box="[494,609,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cytological (ultrastructural) characters, including cellular composition, cell morphology, particularly the cells with inclusions, are more successful for the species discrimination (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D03FFFFFD19531766F2FDAE" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[644,967,604,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Sole-Cava, A. M. & Thorre, J. P. (1992) Genetic and cytological divergence between color morphs of the Mediterranean sponge Oscarella lobularis Schmidt (Porifera, Demospongiae, Oscarellidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 271 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFCA053176640FDAD" box="[829,885,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B4D6D03FFFFFC45531761F1FDAE" author="Muricy" box="[984,1220,604,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="51" refString="Muricy, G., Boury-Esnault, N. Bezac, C. & Vacelet, J. (1996) Cytological evidence for cryptic speciation in Mediterranean Oscarella species (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 881 - 896." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFBA753176147FDAD" box="[1082,1138,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Muricy 1999). The detail cytological analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D3F6D03FFFFFD7B53CF666CFD45" box="[742,857,644,669]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAAE6D03FFFFFD7B53CF666CFD45" box="[742,857,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Oscarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, collected in shallow waters the northwestern Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D03FFFFFE6453E7670AFD1E" box="[505,575,684,710]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338762C6D03FFFFFDD653E767A9FD1E" box="[587,668,684,710]" name="Russia" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, allow describing it as a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |