plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/86/87/03868785FF98FFE8FF76FF74FB777A14.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

329 lines
42 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="0E12D94C559624070D354D478BEF1645" ID-CLB-Dataset="2793" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5084.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd42fe03-1a35-4f17-b0fe-55b6ec7fdf80" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800716" ID-ZooBank="53B21C11-CA12-480F-8048-1A0601784172" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640238335522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Abrahamson, Warren G., Buss, Eileen A. &amp; Stone, Graham N." docDate="2021" docId="03868785FF98FFE8FF76FF74FB777A14" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5084.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5084 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9A55D080-6433-4A5D-B318-7E23E91E4586" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFBFFFFDFF89FFFCFFE1FFE3FFE67B09" masterDocTitle="New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699473059019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="33EB26571B0DCDD483B94F5E68CDF9B0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3FDA9D61E46BC7EA3AE75600A8DD1116">
<mods:title id="A79EAEB2BAB5A59F6EB1C912ACC780DE">New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AE5DE7FE04DD22E7960D472621A39FD6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5798B3F7FCF724A61A45290A8DD4CE06">
<mods:roleTerm id="5082B593E3D5F02A41FEB5DA3FC7068E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="26F231FF5118D35E995D52558BD716D3">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0B7F85B1EE1A42B72AE6D372FAB4A492" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA7A122BA22964F9EEF361670612138E">
<mods:roleTerm id="9DD16B49B7032038F1F205A2458BEAF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F81BCC36C486FED3D3C3136D79DA91CF">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F4F055942FEAE3E6CD41834B8FC18C0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7BE625E47B986CCE97ECE5B019CE4F60" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D76C1CD22ECC76FA59B3955DA22491B1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E3C16E76B0D667A3E16C1A13E6999254">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA92E4E86C898A6A2877119DBF69E4E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B2B9D301B511522748830D9FB230334E">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1FA81AA68F7A80F6FA877839345CD816" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3557-3613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CF8A891A501128412FB8E23B69B0F03" type="email">abrahmsn@bucknell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5EBE80E3DF97A48339D9A5437DA80C8B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0D5CC9234A10EC6B8F561BEAA93A13E8">
<mods:roleTerm id="49D07581ADE1C4FD6875DA406DF512CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="35BC60701075812CD0D5448A7398611E">Buss, Eileen A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="50BF9D03A2767D500953DA577CDE0209" type="email">eabuss@ufl.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AAC3C58DEB8A5AD6CD7383BAFAB82B88" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6160E17AFD6DEDD7C3A2BB1AF0E0E818">
<mods:roleTerm id="AC7A3E634167A7381EBA57499DEB5E1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="44B641C603763142216EB6E3AD54A753">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC71C9F736C507E2E67A7324562E2A5C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA4D2E230F3810EA8AB38DC2AD6C170C" type="email">gstone@staffmail.ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="228C4E83F4219C15986D426D9F01FE21">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E2BB6F13007BBD9F5DC64203752F7BBD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C178C86DBD27A9ACA9BA22A891D09370">
<mods:title id="CA45D39B021591E546313D42017EABEE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2BBE5706F35B89EF67570604DCD00FA3">
<mods:date id="24A223CDDF9122AA32EA2B1C001C76CB">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AA7E44285D0ABF65745A69A67E7066B9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0AF014AF63AA236B8CEC166B58B92174">2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="26CF639D49845994B124CD1D6E4377DC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CCBA3A6E787CE2CF8F3E961A50050FF8">5084</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="26BE67676B8D0BB78C7617DA9C72981C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="253335EF027F64BAE1571691CDBCEF0F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4EF505CD831E9B66FF6899C1F0B2805E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="658E9AA4AF495ECDD4E28CA98EC4F37F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DA080E4A2F658C32B54493D531BED37C">131</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="257449CB310C9C5BE7F21F454C480439">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B65CCA4682082D3C204275EAFE51B19D" type="CLB-Dataset">2793</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4AAB3FE89FE28EDC6C8D946D20D4E429" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5084.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3BC346AA2CB06DB37C323E7A40AE0DC0" type="GBIF-Dataset">bd42fe03-1a35-4f17-b0fe-55b6ec7fdf80</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="78D611ACF9D20FC676A68F0DB47CB0BA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A9AA634361D41D53FFFBA980C5A1BA78" type="Zenodo-Dep">5800716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A5F951AFAA298DF7173EA3DF9014A11" type="ZooBank">53B21C11-CA12-480F-8048-1A0601784172</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03868785FF98FFE8FF76FF74FB777A14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821704" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191881073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5821704" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A55D080-6433-4A5D-B318-7E23E91E4586" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868785FF98FFE8FF76FF74FB777A14" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEDFF76FF74FCC47BB8" box="[151,802,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF76FF74FCC47BB8" blockId="17.[151,956,151,250]" box="[151,802,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0D881FFFF98FFEDFF76FF74FCC47BB8" bold="true" box="[151,802,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF76FF74FCC47BB8" bold="true" box="[151,802,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF76FF74FD5E7BB8" authority="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,696,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF76FF74FE687BBB" bold="true" box="[151,398,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Andricus chapmanii</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Abrahamson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFF98FFEDFD24FF74FCC47BB8" box="[709,802,151,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEDFF76FF58FC5A7BF3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF76FF58FEFD7BDF" blockId="17.[151,956,151,250]" box="[151,283,187,214]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="13142A16FF98FFEDFF76FF58FEFD7BDF" box="[151,283,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46–51" captionStart-1="FIGURES 52–55" captionStart-2="FIGURE 56" captionStartId-0="18.[151,264,1886,1910]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,264,1551,1575]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1137,1161]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1418,575,1830]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1399,191,1509]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1421,309,1114]" captionTargetId-0="figure-180@18.[148,1439,561,1863]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@19.[168,1419,181,1526]" captionTargetId-2="figure-78@20.[165,1421,309,1114]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 46–51. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., asexual female. 46–49, head: 46, frontal view, 47, dorsal view, 48, posterior view, 49, lateral view. 50, antenna. 51, mesosoma, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 52–55. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., asexual female: 52, mesosoma, lateral view, 53, mesosoma, posterolateral view, 54, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 55, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 56. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800742" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800744" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800748" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5800742/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5800744/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5800748/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 46–56</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF76FF3CFC5A7BF3" blockId="17.[151,956,151,250]" box="[151,956,223,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<uri id="FFBE3A91FF98FFEDFF76FF3CFC5A7BF3" box="[151,956,223,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF890C46FF98FFEDFE4BFF3CFC5A7BF3" box="[426,956,223,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9A55D080-6433-4A5D-B318-7E23E91E4586</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEDFF76FEC4FF167AA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF76FEC4FF167AA4" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF76FEC4FEAC7A48" bold="true" box="[151,330,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFF98FFEDFEB5FEC4FB1D7A6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514412" collectingDate="1994-11-28" collectingDateMax="1995-03-19" collectingDateMin="1994-11-28" collectorName="Archbold Biological" country="United States of America" county="Highlands Co." location="Archbold Biological Station" municipality="Lake Placid" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54948831FF98FFEDFEB5FEC4FE0E7A48" box="[340,488,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female “
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FF98FFEDFDB3FEC4FD697A48" box="[594,655,295,321]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FF98FFEDFD7CFEC4FD127A48" box="[669,756,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Florida</collectingRegion>
.,
<collectingCounty id="62F14E1FFF98FFEDFCE7FEC4FC4B7A48" box="[774,941,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Highlands Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACE9FF98FFEDFC5DFEC4FBA17A48" box="[956,1095,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lake Placid</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF06048FF98FFEDFBB2FEC4FA7E7A48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FF98FFE8FF76FF74FB777A14:8EF06048FF98FFEDFBB2FEC4FA7E7A48" box="[1107,1432,295,321]" country="United States of America" county="Highlands Co." municipality="Lake Placid" name="Archbold Biological Station" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Florida">
<collectorName id="26DA5345FF98FFEDFBB2FEC4FADA7A48" box="[1107,1340,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Archbold Biological</collectorName>
Station
</location>
, coll. G.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF17FEA8FEAE7A6C" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2021" box="[246,328,331,357]" genus="Melika" pageId="17" pageNumber="130" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Melika</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF911053FF98FFEDFEB7FEA8FDD07A6C" box="[342,566,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-11-28">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFF98FFEDFEB7FEA8FDD07A6C" box="[342,566,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-11-28">28 November 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, adults cut out on
<date id="FF911053FF98FFEDFCEFFEA8FC007A6F" box="[782,998,331,358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1995-03-17" valueMax="1995-03-19" valueMin="1995-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFF98FFEDFCEFFEA8FC007A6F" box="[782,998,331,358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1995-03-17" valueMax="1995-03-19" valueMin="1995-03-17">17-19 March 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFBF6FEAFFB0A7A6C" box="[1047,1260,331,358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chapmani">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFBF6FEAFFB0A7A6C" box="[1047,1260,331,358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Quercus chapmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFF98FFEDFAE8FEA8FF0A7AA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514322" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54948831FF98FFEDFAE8FEA8FA7F7A6C" box="[1289,1433,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
: One female with the same labels as the
<typeStatus id="54948831FF98FFEDFDB3FE8CFD5E7A80" box="[594,696,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The
<typeStatus id="54948831FF98FFEDFD15FE8CFCB07A80" box="[756,854,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female and the female
<typeStatus id="54948831FF98FFEDFBBDFE93FB5A7A83" box="[1116,1212,368,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are deposited at the
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE56FF98FFEDFF76FE70FF0A7AA4" box="[151,236,403,429]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEDFF26FE54FC4C7AD8" box="[199,938,439,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF26FE54FC4C7AD8" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" box="[199,938,439,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF26FE54FEA87AD8" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after its host oak,
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFCF3FE5BFC4C7AD8" box="[786,938,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFCF3FE5BFC407AD8" box="[786,934,439,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chapmani">Q. chapmani</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEDFF26FE38FD4B7FA8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF26FE38FD2B781C" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF26FE38FEA47AFC" bold="true" box="[199,322,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFE38FE38FD967AFC" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[473,624,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFE38FE38FD967AFC" box="[473,624,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chapmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble the account of the gall accompanying the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF56FE1CFD9C7910" authority="(Ashmead, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[183,634,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Zopheroteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaccinii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF56FE1CFE487910" box="[183,430,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zopheroteras vaccinii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFE5FFE1CFD947910" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[446,626,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="125 - 149" refId="ref63439" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1887) On the cynipidous galls of Florida, with descriptions of new species and synopses of the described species of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 125 - 149." type="journal article" year="1887">Ashmead, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFD0CFE1CFC8D7913" author="Weld, L. H." box="[749,875,511,538]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref70778" refString="Weld, L. H. (1959) Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 155 pp." type="book" year="1959">Weld 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13142A16FF98FFEDFC96FE1CFC3F7910" box="[887,985,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 200–203" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,185,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-19@57.[155,1432,181,1585]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 200–203. Andricus nichollsi Melika &amp; Stone, sp. nov., sexual female. 200–202, mesosoma: 200, lateral view, 201, dorsal view, 202, posterodorsal view. 203, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800824/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 203</figureCitation>
), but the adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFB51FDE3FACE7910" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1200,1320,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Zopheroteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaccinii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFB51FDE3FACE7910" box="[1200,1320,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. vaccinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguishable as they are apterous (reflected by the original placement of this species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFACBFDC0FA6A7934" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1322,1420,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFACBFDC0FA6A7934" box="[1322,1420,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acraspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFEEBFDA4FE43796B" author="Weld, L. H." box="[266,421,583,610]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref70430" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922 b) Notes on Cynipid Wasps, with descriptions of new North American Species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61 (18), 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922b)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the gall Ashmead described is actually induced by the winged species
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFAD6FDA4FE1A798C" authority="Beutenmueller, 1918" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impositus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFAD6FDA4FEE4798C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Andricus impositus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFEEFFD88FE1A798C" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[270,508,619,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="327 - 330" refId="ref63892" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1918) Notes on Cynipidae with a descriptions of new species (Hym.). Entomological News, 29, 327 - 330." type="journal article" year="1918">Beutenmueller, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(originally described based on asexual females and galls), meaning the gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF76FD73FEF479A0" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,274,656,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Zopheroteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaccinii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF76FD73FEF479A0" box="[151,274,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. vaccinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown. Later
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFDA1FD6CFD3679A3" author="Weld, L. H." box="[576,720,655,682]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref70470" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field Notes on Gall-inhabiting Cynipid Wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (10), 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1926">Weld (1926)</bibRefCitation>
correctly synonymised
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFC08FD6CFB9179A0" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1918" box="[1001,1143,655,682]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impositus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFC08FD6CFC1C79A0" box="[1001,1018,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFBEDFD73FB9179A0" box="[1036,1143,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">impositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFB21FD6CFE7379C4" authority="(Beutenmueller, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lustrans">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFB21FD6CFA7A79A0" box="[1216,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Callirhytis lustrans</emphasis>
(Beutenmueller, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
, and re-iterated Ashmead’s error regarding assignment of the gall. In his original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF54FD34FED879F8" authorityName="Beutenmueller" authorityYear="1918" box="[181,318,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impositus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF54FD34FED879F8" box="[181,318,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. impositus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFEBFFD3BFE3E79F8" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[350,472,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lustrans">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFEBFFD3BFE3E79F8" box="[350,472,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. lustrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FF98FFEDFE0EFD34FD0279F8" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[495,740,727,753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="327 - 330" refId="ref63892" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1918) Notes on Cynipidae with a descriptions of new species (Hym.). Entomological News, 29, 327 - 330." type="journal article" year="1918">Beutenmueller (1918)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned the mature galls of this species resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF57FD18FD2E781C" authority="(Beutenmueller, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[182,712,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacciniiformis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF57FD18FE24781C" box="[182,450,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Andricus vacciniiformis</emphasis>
(Beutenmueller, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF26FCFCFD4B7FA8" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The new species
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFE6EFCFCFDC17830" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[399,551,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFE6EFCFCFDC17830" box="[399,551,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chapmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from either
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFC4CFCC3FBCC7830" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[941,1066,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lustrans">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFC4CFCC3FBCC7830" box="[941,1066,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. lustrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFBB4FCFCFAF17830" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1109,1303,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacciniiformis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFBB4FCFCFAF17830" box="[1109,1303,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. vacciniiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFF59FCA7FED07854" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[184,310,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lustrans">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF59FCA7FED07854" box="[184,310,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. lustrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head is micropunctate, the mesoscutum punctuate, notaulus incomplete, extending to the half the length of the mesoscutum, anterior parallel line distinct, extending to half the length of the mesoscutum, the mesopleuron partially punctate, metasomal tergites smooth, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFC21FC68FBBF78AC" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[960,1113,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFC21FC68FBBF78AC" box="[960,1113,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chapmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head is alutaceous, the mesoscutum alutaceous, notaulus complete, anterior parallel line indistinct and hardly visible, the mesopleuron is smooth and glabrous, metasomal tergites with micropunctures. In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFC64FC30FBA378E4" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmueller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[901,1093,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacciniiformis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFC64FC30FBA378E4" box="[901,1093,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. vacciniiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the length of OOL is equal to POL, the mesoscutum has dense white setae, thus the sculpture is not or hardly visible, the mesoscutellum has a transverse semilunar impression at the base with the same sculpturing pattern on the bottom as on the mesoscutellar disk, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF98FFEDFED4FBDCFE2F7F50" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[309,457,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFED4FBDCFE2F7F50" box="[309,457,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. chapmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the OOL in females is distinctly longer than POL, the mesoscutum has sparse setae and the sculpture of the mesoscutum is distinct, the mesoscutellar foveae are small and deep with a smooth glabrous bottom, separated by an elevated central carina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF98FFEFFF26FB48FD817CF2" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF26FB48FB697FE0" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF98FFEDFF26FB48FEBF7FCC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="13142A16FF98FFEDFDC9FB48FD507FCF" box="[552,694,1195,1222]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46–51" captionStart-1="FIGURES 52–55" captionStartId-0="18.[151,264,1886,1910]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,264,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1418,575,1830]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1399,191,1509]" captionTargetId-0="figure-180@18.[148,1439,561,1863]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@19.[168,1419,181,1526]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 46–51. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., asexual female. 46–49, head: 46, frontal view, 47, dorsal view, 48, posterior view, 49, lateral view. 50, antenna. 51, mesosoma, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 52–55. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., asexual female: 52, mesosoma, lateral view, 53, mesosoma, posterolateral view, 54, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 55, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800742" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800744" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5800742/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5800744/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 46–55</figureCitation>
). Head, metasoma dark brown; mesosoma black; antennae light brown, darkened at the distal end; coxae, femorae and tibiae dark brown, tarsi light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEDFF26FB10FA8A7C44" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Head delicately alutaceous, with white setae, denser on lower face, 1.3× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.2× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, broadened behind eye, slightly broader than transverse diameter of eye. Malar space alutaceous, with delicate parallel striae radiating from clypeus and not reaching eye; eye 2.3× as high as length of malar space. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 1.4× as long as OOL, OOL 2.65× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, 1.3× as long as LOL; ocelli ovate, all equal in size. Transfacial distance 1.3× as long as height of eye and 2.0× as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 1.2× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face smooth, glabrous, without striae, with elevated median area. Clypeus rectangular, flat, 2.0× as broad as high, smooth, glabrous; ventrally rounded, not emarginated, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit deep, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons and interocellar area delicately alutaceous, with few setae; vertex, occiput alutaceous. Postgena smooth, glabrous, postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, glabrous, with delicate parallel striae; posterior tentorial pit large, deep, elongate; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci, postgenal bridge broader toward occipital foramen; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge.Antenna shorter than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres; pedicel 1.3× as long as broad, F1 1.9× as short as length of scape+pedicel and 1.5× as long as F2, F2 1.25× as long as F3, F3–F5 equal in length, subsequent flagellomeres shorter, broader and equal in length, F12 2.0× as long as F11; placodeal sensilla in numerous rows on F4–F12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF98FFEEFF26F8BBFCBC7910" blockId="17.[151,1437,295,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesosoma nearly as high as long in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, with white setae, without striae, emarginate along anterolateral rim. Mesoscutum alutaceous, with some white setae, nearly as long as broad (width measured across base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, deeply impressed in posterior 2/3 of mesoscutum length, with smooth, glabrous bottom, posteriorly broad and converging; anterior parallel line indistinct, hardly traceable; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal line broad, smooth, reaching base of tegula. Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Mesoscutellum longer than broad, with subparallel sides; shorter than mesoscutum, coriaceous, with smooth glabrous mesoscutellar disk, overhanging metanotum; mesoscutellar foveae rounded, with smooth, glabrous bottom, divided by narrow median carina. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, with few setae; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in upper 1/3 of its height, upper part of sulcus indistinct; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous, with setae; axillar carina broad, with longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar broad, smooth, glabrous, as high as height of smooth, glabrous metanotal trough. Metascutellum coriaceous, shorter than height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area. Central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, without striae; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel, slightly curved outwards in posterior 1/3; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with a few long white setae; nucha short, without sulci dorsally, with delicate sulci laterally.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF50661BFF9BFFEEFF76F8BDFBFA7C93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800742/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,264,1886,1910]" targetBox="[158,1418,575,1830]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9BFFEEFF76F8BDFBFA7C93" blockId="18.[151,1436,1886,1946]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9BFFEEFF76F8BDFEB07C7F" bold="true" box="[151,342,1886,1910]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURES 46–51.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF9BFFEEFEBEF8BDFCC37C7F" authority="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[351,805,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9BFFEEFEBEF8BDFDC87C7F" box="[351,558,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Andricus chapmanii</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Abrahamson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9BFFEEFCD3F8BDFC627C7F" bold="true" box="[818,900,1886,1910]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFF9BFFEEFCD3F8BDFC627C7F" box="[818,900,1886,1910]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual female. 46–49, head: 46, frontal view, 47, dorsal view, 48, posterior view, 49, lateral view. 50, antenna. 51, mesosoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF50661BFF9AFFEFFF76F9ECFAC17D42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800744/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,264,1551,1575]" targetBox="[181,1399,191,1509]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9AFFEFFF76F9ECFAC17D42" blockId="19.[151,1436,1551,1611]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9AFFEFFF76F9ECFEBE7D2E" bold="true" box="[151,344,1551,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURES 52–55.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF9AFFEFFE83F9ECFCC97D2E" authority="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,815,1551,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9AFFEFFE83F9ECFDD47D2E" box="[354,562,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Andricus chapmanii</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Abrahamson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9AFFEFFCDCF9ECFC777D2E" bold="true" box="[829,913,1551,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFF9AFFEFFCDCF9ECFC777D2E" box="[829,913,1551,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual female: 52, mesosoma, lateral view, 53, mesosoma, posterolateral view, 54, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 55, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9AFFEFFF26F99AFB9C7DD2" blockId="19.[151,1437,1657,2043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Forewing slightly longer than body, hyaline, veins pale brown, margin with long, dense cilia; radial cell opened, 3.3× as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, well-delimited by distinct veins; Rs+M projection reaching basalis at mid-height. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9AFFEFFF26F905FAF87C62" blockId="19.[151,1437,1657,2043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Metasoma nearly as long as head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view, glabrous, with a few white setae anterolaterally; second metasomal tergite smooth, occupying more than half length of metasoma dorsally; subsequent tergites and hypopygium with dense micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 5.4× as long as broad in ventral view, with short white setae ventrally. Body length
<quantity id="4CD79B76FF9AFFEFFBDFF8B2FB237C65" box="[1086,1221,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9AFFEFFF26F896FD817CF2" blockId="19.[151,1437,1657,2043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9AFFEFFF26F896FF1C7C86" bold="true" box="[199,250,1909,1935]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13142A16FF9AFFEFFEEAF896FE867C99" box="[267,352,1909,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1137,1161]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,309,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-78@20.[165,1421,309,1114]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 56. Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, sp. nov., gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800748/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
). The unilocular gall is shaped like a tall cup or wine glass,
<quantity id="4CD79B76FF9AFFEFFBEAF896FB8F7C99" box="[1035,1129,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CD79B76FF9AFFEFFB50F896FAE97C99" box="[1201,1295,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with delicate longitudinal surface grooves. The gall is slightly broader distal to the point of attachment to the leaf and the apex of the gall is truncate and depressed centrally. The gall is green to brown, develops on the underside of leaves, typically in clusters of 3–10 galls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FF9DFFE8FF26FF75FB777A14" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9DFFE8FF26FF75FD787BF0" blockId="20.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9DFFE8FF26FF75FEC17BB9" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Biology.</emphasis>
Only an asexual generation is known, which induces galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FF9DFFE8FBEAFF74FB417BB8" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="2021" box="[1035,1191,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmanii">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9DFFE8FBEAFF74FB417BB8" box="[1035,1191,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Q. chapmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The galls mature in October–November, at which stage the galls fall easily from the leaves. The larvae overwinter in the gall and the adults probably emerge in March–April. Rare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FF9DFFE8FF26FEE1FB777A14" blockId="20.[151,1436,150,285]" box="[199,1169,258,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FF9DFFE8FF26FEE1FE877A15" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FF9DFFE8FE86FEE0FE447A14" box="[359,418,259,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FF9DFFE8FE4CFEE0FDE77A14" box="[429,513,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Florida</collectingRegion>
, Highlands Co., Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink