302 lines
37 KiB
XML
302 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="302251F30AA6586815DBE74AC1A4F347" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282867" ID-GBIF-Dataset="75d71662-193f-4d56-a7fd-1f018e556f49" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282867" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460554709240" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanat, Marek & Munzinger, Jérôme" docDate="2012" docId="038687839C547406FF58FB2C34C3FCB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03554p074.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3554" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Megatracheloides Lucas 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFBFFFFB9C507403FFCFFFD93026FFC9" masterDocTitle="Biology of the Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) in New Caledonia, a preliminary report" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698318961448" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="222DAF7482651AD2CD85D2F85D16991E">Biology of the Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) in New Caledonia, a preliminary report</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6D1EAFD1783859AE4257D4F8E11E1476">Wanat, Marek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4C7CFD9538ABB2F9C10C8A5DEE2D0EA">Munzinger, Jérôme</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7529B02071552898B392CF731E5CFCA6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CB09B8AB77E5E3947EE5C453833663D7">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F42F14B6D931766AF5D64B14A336280D">3554</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038687839C547406FF58FB2C34C3FCB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689319" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687839C547406FF58FB2C34C3FCB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687839C547406FF58FB2C34C3FCB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C335651E9C547407FF58FB2C30C9F9BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9036959C547407FF58FB2C3246FAC6" blockId="4.[151,608,1269,1295]" box="[151,608,1269,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0D881F99C547407FF58FB2C3246FAC6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1269,1295]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF58FB2C3246FAC6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1269,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FF21FB2C3246FAC6" authority="Lucas, 1920" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1920" box="[238,608,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF21FB2C31E3FAC6" bold="true" box="[238,453,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Megatracheloides</emphasis>
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Lucas, 1920
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036959C547407FF58FAE530C9F9BD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1340,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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All six species of this striking New Caledonian genus are associated with various plants of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FAE0FAE5311CFAB1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FAE0FAE535BAFA9D" box="[1327,1436,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia</emphasis>
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(Dilleniaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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. They are either oligophagous, utilizing several species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FC01FAB9341DFAB1" box="[974,1083,1376,1400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FC01FAB9341DFAB1" box="[974,1083,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or monophagous on particular species of this plant genus. Adults feed on leaves, flowers, and buds, gnawing distinct holes. The larvae develop inside fully grown flower buds (one per bud), that fall onto the ground soon after oviposition or larval hatching (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FAB2FA7030DFFA2D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FAB2FA7035B2FA09" box="[1405,1428,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF58FA1430DFFA2D" box="[151,249,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">cornutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FEE1FA143195FA2D" box="[302,435,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jourdani">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FEE1FA143195FA2D" box="[302,435,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M. jourdani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), or eventually remained with the inflorescence (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FC17FA143456FA2D" box="[984,1136,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentipes">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FC17FA1433C9FA2D" box="[984,1007,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FC32FA153456FA2D" box="[1021,1136,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">bidentipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Pupation takes place in a bud, and teneral adults were seen on leaves through October–March. Thus probably two generations can be completed in the flowering season, being extended in most
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FCFEF9CD33B8F9E5" box="[817,926,1556,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FCFEF9CD33B8F9E5" box="[817,926,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plants. The preferred biotope is maquis, only one species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FEE4F9E03188F999" box="[299,430,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaffarti">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FEE4F9E03164F999" box="[299,322,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FE9DF9E13188F999" box="[338,430,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">blaffarti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is strictly confined to humid forest. More detailed data are summarised below for each species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C335651E9C547406FF08F95934C3FCB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9036959C547407FF08F959316DF8B9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1340,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF08F9593296F951" bold="true" box="[199,688,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FF08F959328CF951" authority="Faust, 1889" authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1889" box="[199,682,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloris">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF08F95931DCF950" bold="true" box="[199,506,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Megatracheloides chloris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C547407FDC3F9A63285F951" author="Faust" box="[524,675,1663,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Faust, J. (1889) Beitrag zur Kaferfauna zweier Inseln. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 50, 61 - 106." type="journal article" year="1889">Faust, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Adults of this species, common and widespread in the South, and local in central Grande Terre (only in ultramafic spots, northerly up to Kopeto and Vallée d’Amoa), were mostly collected from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FE7FF91132B0F929" ID-CoL="3LJ9Q" box="[432,662,1736,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pancheri">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FE7FF91132B0F929" box="[432,662,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia pancheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but occasionally also from the narrow-leaved species like
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FAB0F91030C4F8CD" ID-CoL="3LJ85" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FAB0F91035B5F929" box="[1407,1427,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF58F93530C4F8CD" box="[151,226,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FEEEF93431FBF8CD" ID-CoL="3LJCY" box="[289,477,1772,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphylla">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FEEEF9343113F8CD" box="[289,309,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FE86F93531FBF8CD" box="[329,477,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">trachyphylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Beetles commonly rest and feed on the underside of leaves (
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<figureCitation id="13142A109C547407FB1CF935353AF8CD" box="[1235,1308,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1846,1869]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[228,1363,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1) The senior author collecting fallen flower buds of Hibbertia lucens infested by the larvae of Rhadinocyba and Megatracheloides; 2, 3) larva of Rhadinocyba singularis (Wencker) inside ovary of H. lucens; 4) mating pair of Rh. singularis at base of opening flower bud of H. lucens, female is piercing a hole towards ovary for oviposition; 5) female of Rh. singularis piercing ovary of H. lucens; 6) Megatracheloides chloris feeding on leaf mid-rib of H. pancheri; 7) female of M. bidentipes feeding on fresh leaves of H. baudouinii; 8) holes in buds of H. baudouinii caused by M. bidentipes. (phot.: 1 — R. Dobosz, 3 — S. Cazeres, rest—MW; sites: 1, 3 – 5 — Nyamié creek, 6 — Poro Plateau, 7, 8 — Upper Rivière Bleue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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) or pierce flower buds; larval development remains unstudied. Subtle differences in adult morphology were observed between northern, isolated populations (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C547407FDB0F8ED3333F885" author="Wanat" box="[639,789,1844,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Wanat, M. (2001) Genera of Australo-Pacific Rhadinocybinae and Myrmacicelinae, with biogeography of the Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) and phylogeny of the Brentidae (s. lato). Mantis, Olsztyn, 432 pp." type="book" year="2001">Wanat 2001</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C547407FCEAF8ED3342F885" author="Wanat" box="[805,868,1844,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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), hence
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FC02F8EC346CF885" box="[973,1098,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloris">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FC02F8EC33C2F885" box="[973,996,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FC36F8ED346CF885" box="[1017,1098,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">chloris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may well be a complex of sibling species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036959C547407FF08F8A235BDF815" blockId="4.[151,1436,1340,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF08F8A232F6F85D" bold="true" box="[199,720,1915,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FF08F8A232EAF85D" authority="Wanat, 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[199,716,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentipes">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FF08F8A2323BF85D" bold="true" box="[199,541,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Megatracheloides bidentipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C547407FDE4F8A532EAF85D" author="Wanat" box="[555,716,1915,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F33876059C547407FD12F8A532DBF85D" box="[733,765,1916,1940]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">As</collectingCountry>
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in in the previous species, adults were collected from various plants of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FEAFF87931E9F871" ID-CoL="4X4M" box="[352,463,1952,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FEAFF87931E9F871" box="[352,463,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and it has been confirmed that this weevil is oligophagous on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C547407FB62F879353AF871" ID-CoL="4X4M" box="[1197,1308,1952,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FB62F879353AF871" box="[1197,1308,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hibbertia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also in the larval stage. It is the only apionid species regularly collected from, and probably also developing on,
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<emphasis id="B95BEA879C547407FA4FF81C35B2F815" box="[1408,1428,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">H</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036959C557406FF58FF413222FE65" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF58FF41310EFF79" ID-CoL="3LJCY" box="[151,296,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF58FF41310EFF79" box="[151,296,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">trachyphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(teneral beetles were observed on this plant several times) [5, 6], although the apparently preferred hosts are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FEC8FF643153FF1D" ID-CoL="3LJ85" box="[263,373,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FEC8FF64313DFF1D" box="[263,283,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FEE3FF653153FF1D" box="[300,373,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">lucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FE7EFF643274FF1D" ID-CoL="3LJ2T" box="[433,594,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baudouinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FE7EFF643274FF1D" box="[433,594,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H. baudouinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite its large body size, it was occasionally collected also from the inconspicuous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FE8BFF3831EEFF31" ID-CoL="3LHZQ" box="[324,456,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FE8BFF38317EFF31" box="[324,344,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FEA5FF3931EEFF31" box="[362,456,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">altigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[7], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FDF9FF3832E4FF31" ID-CoL="3LJ9Q" box="[566,706,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pancheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FDF9FF3832E4FF31" box="[566,706,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H. pancheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[8], both of which appear to have flower buds apparently too small to host its larvae. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FDE6FEDC32E1FED5" box="[553,711,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FDE6FEDC32E1FED5" box="[553,711,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. bidentipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed feeding on leaves, flowers and flower buds of host plants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A109C557406FEE8FEFE31BFFEF6" box="[295,409,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1846,1869]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[228,1363,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1) The senior author collecting fallen flower buds of Hibbertia lucens infested by the larvae of Rhadinocyba and Megatracheloides; 2, 3) larva of Rhadinocyba singularis (Wencker) inside ovary of H. lucens; 4) mating pair of Rh. singularis at base of opening flower bud of H. lucens, female is piercing a hole towards ovary for oviposition; 5) female of Rh. singularis piercing ovary of H. lucens; 6) Megatracheloides chloris feeding on leaf mid-rib of H. pancheri; 7) female of M. bidentipes feeding on fresh leaves of H. baudouinii; 8) holes in buds of H. baudouinii caused by M. bidentipes. (phot.: 1 — R. Dobosz, 3 — S. Cazeres, rest—MW; sites: 1, 3 – 5 — Nyamié creek, 6 — Poro Plateau, 7, 8 — Upper Rivière Bleue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282868/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A109C557406FDFDFEFE3297FEF6" box="[562,689,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,217,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,201,1837]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 14. Pupa of Megatracheloides bidentipes: 9) young in decayed flower bud of Hibbertia baudouinii, 10) the same soon before metamorphosis; 11) larva of M. cornutus in decaying flower bud of H. lucens; 12) larva of M. jourdani; 13, 14) Pterapion monstrosum piercing cotyledon of sprouting seed of Pycnandra canaliculata. (phot.: 9, 11 — MW, 10, 12 — S. Cazeres, 13, 14 — P. Lowry; sites: 11 — Koghi Mts, 12 — Nyamié creek, 9, 10, 13, 14 — Upper Rivière Bleue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282869/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figs. 9, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) was once found [9] inside a decayed flower bud that was still attached to an inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FDDCFE943290FEAD" ID-CoL="3LJ2T" box="[531,694,332,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baudouinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FDDCFE943290FEAD" box="[531,694,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H. baudouinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its contents almost totally consumed by the larva. The adult female emerged in a vial after 16–17 days, a relatively long period for pupal development compared to the European species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FE4AFE4D3226FE65" box="[389,512,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036959C557406FF08FE6E3421FD05" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF08FE6E3283FE19" authority="Wanat, 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[199,677,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FE6E3283FE19" bold="true" box="[199,677,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FE6E3222FE06" bold="true" box="[199,516,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Megatracheloides cornutus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FDC1FE613283FE19" author="Wanat" box="[526,677,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FD2EFE613430FE19" bold="true" box="[737,1046,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FD2EFE613437FE19" authority="Wanat, 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[737,1041,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jourdani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FD2EFE6132DCFE06" bold="true" box="[737,762,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FCC5FE6E3348FE19" bold="true" box="[778,878,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">jourdani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FCB8FE613437FE19" author="Wanat" box="[887,1041,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These two sister species are both apparently monophagous on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FE3FFE053294FE3D" ID-CoL="3LJ85" box="[496,690,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FE3FFE053294FE3D" box="[496,690,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Hibbertia lucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(occurrence on the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FBABFE043515FE3D" ID-CoL="6LV6M" box="[1124,1331,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="podocarpifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FBABFE04345EFE3D" box="[1124,1144,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FB42FE053515FE3D" box="[1165,1331,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">podocarpifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires confirmation). The larvae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A109C557406FE01FE26327CFDDE" box="[462,602,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,217,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,201,1837]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 14. Pupa of Megatracheloides bidentipes: 9) young in decayed flower bud of Hibbertia baudouinii, 10) the same soon before metamorphosis; 11) larva of M. cornutus in decaying flower bud of H. lucens; 12) larva of M. jourdani; 13, 14) Pterapion monstrosum piercing cotyledon of sprouting seed of Pycnandra canaliculata. (phot.: 9, 11 — MW, 10, 12 — S. Cazeres, 13, 14 — P. Lowry; sites: 11 — Koghi Mts, 12 — Nyamié creek, 9, 10, 13, 14 — Upper Rivière Bleue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282869/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) were found inside flower buds lying on shaded ground below the host trees, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF34FDFC31A2FDF5" box="[251,388,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF34FDFC3134FDF5" box="[251,274,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FEEDFDFC31A2FDF5" box="[290,388,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">cornutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Koghi Mts [10], and of probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FCE0FDFC3390FDF5" box="[815,950,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jourdani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FCE0FDFC3360FDF5" box="[815,838,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FC99FDFD3390FDF5" box="[854,950,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">jourdani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Nyamié creek [11]. At the latter site no adults were found, but the species identity is inferred from the known ranges of these two vicariants in Grande Terre (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FF2FFDB5314BFD4D" author="Wanat" box="[224,365,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike smaller larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FD57FDB5330AFD4D" box="[664,812,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Brentidae" genus="Rhadinocyba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FD57FDB5330AFD4D" box="[664,812,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rhadinocyba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species inhabiting neighboring buds, the larvae of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF58FD483104FD61" box="[151,290,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF58FD483104FD61" box="[151,290,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. cornutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FE90FD4831CEFD61" box="[351,488,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jourdani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FE90FD4831CEFD61" box="[351,488,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M. jourdani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consume the entire contents of the bud, including rolled petals and stamens, and prepare a kind of pupation chamber with walls made mainly of pressed faeces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036959C557406FF08FD0E3301FCDD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FD0E3283FD39" bold="true" box="[199,677,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF08FD0E3286FD39" authority="Wanat, 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[199,672,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaffarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FD0E31DBFD39" bold="true" box="[199,509,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Megatracheloides blaffarti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FDC9FD013286FD39" author="Wanat" box="[518,672,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This is the largest species of the genus, endemic to the Mt Panié range and living there exclusively on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FDF3FD253306FCDD" ID-CoL="3LJ3Z" box="[572,800,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comptonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FDF3FD253306FCDD" box="[572,800,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Hibbertia comptonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036959C557406FF08FCC634C3FCB6" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FCC632B6FCF1" bold="true" box="[199,656,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FF08FCC632ADFCF1" authority="Wanat, 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[199,651,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="millei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF08FCC631C4FCF1" bold="true" box="[199,482,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Megatracheloides millei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FE21FCF932ADFCF1" author="Wanat" box="[494,651,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FBE1FCF83481FCF1" box="[1070,1191,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megatracheloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FBE1FCF83463FCF1" box="[1070,1093,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FB96FCF93481FCF1" box="[1113,1191,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">chloris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and at Pic d’Amoa (Powila) was abundantly collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FD92FC9C335AFC95" ID-CoL="3LJDR" authority="Wanat 2008" authorityName="Wanat" authorityYear="2008" box="[605,892,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagapii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FD92FC9C3257FC95" box="[605,625,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FDB0FC9C32FFFC95" box="[639,729,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">wagapii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B649C557406FD28FC9D3352FC95" author="Wanat" box="[743,884,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Wanat, M. (2008) The Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of New Caledonia. Genus Megatracheloides. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.) Zoologia Neocaledonica 6. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 197, pp. 297 - 321." type="journal article" year="2008">Wanat 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Aoupinié it is found on the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FA4EFC9C30DDFC49" ID-CoL="3LJ9Q" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pancheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FA4EFC9C35B3FC95" box="[1409,1429,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FF58FCB130DDFC49" box="[151,251,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">pancheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[12]. Distinctness of these two host species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D169C557406FCC5FCB13351FC49" ID-CoL="4X4M" box="[778,887,872,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA879C557406FCC5FCB13351FC49" box="[778,887,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Hibbertia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been studied in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |