226 lines
26 KiB
XML
226 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="14FB4BD6774A93C0CF4894940FF64DD1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0915c7c5-1af7-49ff-92f5-c7b11fbbb440" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185015" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459948681130" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." docDate="2009" docId="03867469FFF2FFB0FF40937A9E57A060" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01970p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1970" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Physocyclus globosus Taczanowski 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFBF0C11FFF0FFB3FFD794629B2DA52F" masterDocTitle="Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="64" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698230759048" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="390902DF53F2F2522C4804324DE9E944">
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<mods:title id="7076BA405347904ECD2289FF9BA1364C">Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2D7041502D84305D062A5596A632E53F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="555DEEAD527EF79DADCD6D4F9E1D6032">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CCAF411F86CFDF3212BFA5022CA4AEB5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CB638692D8096FFB0E4C6C04609A9ADD">
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<mods:date id="9066034DECD5AE6C49AB26936622221A">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3AF5BE4044D0F96321FFF3B9260B42E7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A0D0CC421356597E0A790AC9F44B6A4D">1970</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0FDB896CFA950F7DCE468FF34B80F9E0">64</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6FAAF44FBAD6CAFFBA40EC892A33C46F">68</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="75A1E6F9C017D7C30A8100989CAA2D86" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185015</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F2F7E32141E4432C02FB8769B65735AA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD14957B579BBC1E6E6E0C3118AED84F" type="Zenodo-Dep">185015</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03867469FFF2FFB0FF40937A9E57A060" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119376401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03867469FFF2FFB0FF40937A9E57A060" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03867469FFF2FFB0FF40937A9E57A060" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="C33596F4FFF2FFB1FF40937A995CA200" box="[151,625,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF2FFB1FF40937A995CA200" blockId="2.[151,625,1815,1840]" box="[151,625,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="D0D87213FFF2FFB1FF40937A995CA200" bold="true" box="[151,625,1815,1840]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF40937A995CA200" ID-CoL="4HHRP" authority="Taczanowski, 1874" authorityName="Taczanowski" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,625,1815,1840]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF40937A995CA200" bold="true" box="[151,625,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF40937A9AA9A21F" bold="true" box="[151,388,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus globosus</emphasis>
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(Taczanowski, 1874)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33596F4FFF2FFB0FF40933A9BFBA420" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF2FFB1FF40933A9F35A2C3" blockId="2.[151,1056,1879,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF40933A99B6A243" ID-CoL="4HHRB" authority="Gonzalez-Sponga, 2007: 56" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,667,1879,1901]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boconoensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF40933A9AA4A242" box="[151,393,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus boconoensis</emphasis>
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González-Sponga, 2007: 56
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</taxonomicName>
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–57, 67, pl 1 figs. 1–9; new synonymy.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF40931A9984A2A3" ID-CoL="4HHRC" authority="Gonzalez-Sponga, 2007: 58" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,681,1911,1933]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borburatensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF40931A9AB5A2A2" box="[151,408,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus borburatensis</emphasis>
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González-Sponga, 2007: 58
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</taxonomicName>
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–60, 67, pl 2 figs. 1–9; new synonymy.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF4093FA99B3A283" ID-CoL="4HHRF" authority="Gonzalez-Sponga, 2007: 60" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,670,1943,1965]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariacoensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF4093FA9AA1A282" box="[151,396,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus cariacoensis</emphasis>
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González-Sponga, 2007: 60
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</taxonomicName>
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–62, 68, pl 3 figs. 1–9; new synonymy.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF4093DA99A2A2E3" ID-CoL="94HKL" authority="Gonzalez-Sponga, 2007: 62" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,655,1975,1997]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatirensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF4093DA9A50A2E2" box="[151,381,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus guatirensis</emphasis>
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González-Sponga, 2007: 62
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</taxonomicName>
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–64, 68, pl 4 figs. 1–10; new synonymy.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF2FFB1FF4093BA998FA2C3" ID-CoL="94HKM" authority="Gonzalez-Sponga, 2007: 64" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,674,2007,2029]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monaguensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF2FFB1FF4093BA9ABDA2C2" box="[151,400,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Physocyclus monaguensis</emphasis>
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González-Sponga, 2007: 64
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</taxonomicName>
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–66, 69, pl 5 figs. 1–9; new synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF4094FA9BFBA420" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF4094FA9A9AA580" box="[151,439,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Justification of synonymies</emphasis>
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. Several lines of evidence strongly support the synonymies: the characters used by González-
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FF4094DA9A1BA5E0" author="Sponga" box="[151,310,184,207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Gonzalez - Sponga, M. A. (2007) Biodiversidad. Aracnidos de Venezuela. Descripcion de cinco nuevas especies del genero Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Sapiens, Revista Universitaria de Investigacion, 8 (1), 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="2007">Sponga (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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to diagnose the species, the biogeography of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FCFA94DA989CA5E0" ID-CoL="6PYW" box="[813,945,184,207]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FCFA94DA989CA5E0" box="[813,945,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Physocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the microhabitats of the “new” species, and genetic data of populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FE0A94BA997AA5C0" ID-CoL="4HHRP" box="[477,599,216,239]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FE0A94BA997AA5C0" box="[477,599,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from several countries, including the
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<typeStatus id="54947BDDFFF3FFB0FC3894BA9F30A5C0" box="[1007,1053,216,239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FB4E94BA9E16A5C0" ID-CoL="4HHRF" box="[1177,1339,216,239]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariacoensis">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FB4E94BA9E16A5C0" box="[1177,1339,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. cariacoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FA8994BA9BFEA420" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33596F4FFF3FFB0FF11957A9E57A060" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF11957A989DA7A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF11957A9A13A400" box="[198,318,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Characters</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FE99957A9A41A400" box="[334,364,280,303]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">As</collectingCountry>
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in the cases above, most of González-Sponga’s (2007) drawings, even though minimalist, clearly point at
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FF39955A9A45A460" box="[238,360,312,335]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF39955A9A45A460" box="[238,360,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see drawings in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FDF3955A9804A460" author="Huber" box="[548,809,312,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Huber, B. A. & Eberhard, W. G. (1997) Courtship, copulation, and genital mechanics in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 905 - 918." type="journal article" year="1997">Huber & Eberhard 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FCE3955A98E4A460" author="Saaristo" box="[820,969,312,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Saaristo, M. I. (2001) Pholcid spiders of the granitic Seychelles (Araneae, Pholcidae). Phelsuma, 9, 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2001">Saaristo 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FC03955A9FB8A460" author="Beatty" box="[980,1173,312,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Beatty, J. A., Berry J. W. & Huber, B. A. (2008) The pholcid spiders of Micronesia and Polynesia (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2008">Beatty et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Plates 1 and 5 show all the characteristic traits of the species: the shapes of procursus and “embolar division” (embolus with attached sclerite); the small cone-shaped projections frontally on the male chelicerae; the distinctive triangular epigynum with median frontal projection. In plate 2 the distal spine on the procursus seems to be missing (or it is drawn in a too proximal position). Plate 3 is the only one in which the labium is correctly drawn. In all others, the whitish-transparent frontal part is missing and only the brown posterior part is shown. The procursus in this plate differs because it is shown is a slightly dorsal view, and in the drawing of the chelicerae the tips of the palpal endites are included. In plate 4 the bulb is rotated away from its normal position and as a result the embolar division is shown in dorsal view. All other minor differences can either be easily explained by slightly different angles of view (e.g. carapace shape and eye positions, see above) or by natural variation. For example, the conical projections on the male chelicerae vary slightly in number and position, sometimes even resulting in asymmetry (e.g. fig.
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<quantity id="4CD7689AFFF3FFB0FDB9961A99BAA7A0" box="[622,663,632,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FD4A961A9889A7A0" author="Huber" box="[669,932,632,655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Huber, B. A. & Eberhard, W. G. (1997) Courtship, copulation, and genital mechanics in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 905 - 918." type="journal article" year="1997">Huber & Eberhard 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF1196FA9846A6A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
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The measurements include so many errors that they are difficult to evaluate. For example, in table 1, legs 3 are longer than legs
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<quantity id="4CD7689AFFF3FFB0FEF196DA9A63A7E0" box="[294,334,696,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
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both males and females. In all other species (and in fact in all other known pholcids) legs 4 are considerable longer than legs 3. In the same table, the ratio of carapace width/length is 2.5 while in the respective figure it is about 1.1–1.3 (depending on whether the clypeus is included or not). In table 5, the male leg 1 has the shortest femur of all legs, while in fact it should have the longest (like the female and like all other species). In general, however, the data mostly fall within the range of a Costa Rican population of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FCCC975A9F1DA660" authority="Huber 1996" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="1996" box="[795,1072,824,847]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FCCC975A98B9A660" box="[795,916,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FC74975A9F05A660" author="Huber" box="[931,1064,824,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Huber, B. A. (1996) Genitalia, fluctuating asymmetry, and patterns of sexual selection in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae: Pholcidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, suppl. 1996, 289 - 294." type="journal article" year="1996">Huber 1996</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. For example, male tibia
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<quantity id="4CD7689AFFF3FFB0FA94975A9E40A660" box="[1347,1389,824,847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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that study ranged from
|
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<quantity id="4CD7689AFFF3FFB0FEB1973A9AD9A640" box="[358,500,856,879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.79" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="10.1" valueMax="12.3" valueMin="7.9">7.9–12.3 mm</quantity>
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(in González-Sponga’s specimens the range is 7.7–12.3); carapace width ranged from
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<quantity id="4CD7689AFFF3FFB0FF40971A9A38A6A0" box="[151,277,888,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
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(in González-Sponga’s specimens the range is 1.5–2.0).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF1197FA99EAA140" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF1197FA9A76A680" box="[198,347,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Biogeography</emphasis>
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. The distribution of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FD7D97FA9803A680" box="[682,814,920,943]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FD7D97FA9803A680" box="[682,814,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Physocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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given by González–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FBDB97FA9F87A680" author="Sponga" box="[1036,1194,920,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Gonzalez - Sponga, M. A. (2007) Biodiversidad. Aracnidos de Venezuela. Descripcion de cinco nuevas especies del genero Physocyclus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Sapiens, Revista Universitaria de Investigacion, 8 (1), 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="2007">Sponga (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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(West Africa, tropical Asia, North, Central, and South
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<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FE2497DA997FA6E0" box="[499,594,952,975]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
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, Antilles) is in fact approximately the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FB4497DA9E20A6E0" box="[1171,1293,952,975]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FB4497DA9E20A6E0" box="[1171,1293,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which actually includes all tropical regions of the world). All other congeners are restricted to North and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FB3697BA9E6DA6C0" box="[1249,1344,984,1007]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ranging from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FF04979A9A67A120" box="[211,330,1016,1039]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FE4D979A9AFEA120" box="[410,467,1016,1039]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The only exception is the dubious
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FC8C979A9895A120" box="[859,952,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. v i r i d i s</emphasis>
|
||
Mello–Leitão from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FB4D979A9FF3A120" box="[1178,1246,1016,1039]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which – judging from the original drawings (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54947BDDFFF3FFB0FE30907A9938A100" box="[487,533,1048,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is lost) – “is almost certainly misplaced” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FC02907A9FA3A100" author="Huber" box="[981,1166,1048,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348." type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During an expedition to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FF40905A9A28A160" box="[151,261,1080,1103]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2002, we found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FE02905A9962A160" box="[469,591,1080,1103]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FE02905A9962A160" box="[469,591,1080,1103]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several places, including Mariguitar, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54947BDDFFF3FFB0FBF1905A9F79A160" box="[1062,1108,1080,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FB18905A9E5CA160" box="[1231,1393,1080,1103]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariacoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FB18905A9E5CA160" box="[1231,1393,1080,1103]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. cariacoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FAA9905A9EB1A160" box="[1406,1436,1080,1103]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
expected, we found no other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FDEB903A99EDA140" box="[572,704,1112,1135]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FDEB903A99EDA140" box="[572,704,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Physocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF11901A99BFA1E0" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF11901A9A7FA1A0" box="[198,338,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Microhabitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Five of González–Sponga’s (2007) “new species” where collected in human buildings. One was additionally found under rocks and between buttresses of trees in the village of Barburata.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FBF090FA9F58A180" box="[1063,1141,1176,1199]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Human</collectingCountry>
|
||
constructions and their surroundings are the typical habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FDC590DA99A6A1E0" box="[530,651,1208,1231]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FDC590DA99A6A1E0" box="[530,651,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90C57FFFF3FFB0FF1190BA9E57A060" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FF1190BA9A7DA1C0" box="[198,336,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Genetic data</emphasis>
|
||
. Gene sequence data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FD8C90BA99F8A1C0" box="[603,725,1240,1263]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FD8C90BA99F8A1C0" box="[603,725,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FCCF90BA98A8A1C0" box="[792,901,1240,1263]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mariguitar, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54947BDDFFF3FFB0FBE990BA9F41A1C0" box="[1086,1132,1240,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FB3D90BA9EA1A1C0" box="[1258,1420,1240,1263]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariacoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FB3D90BA9EA1A1C0" box="[1258,1420,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. cariacoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FF40909A9A23A020" box="[151,270,1272,1295]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FEB9909A993AA020" box="[366,535,1272,1295]" name="Comoros" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FDF1909A99C9A020" author="Astrin" box="[550,740,1272,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Astrin, J. J., Huber, B. A., Misof, B., Klutsch, C. F. C. (2006) Molecular taxonomy in pholcid spiders (Pholcidae, Araneae): An evaluation of methods using 16 S rRNA and CO 1. Zoologica Scripta, 35, 441 - 457." type="journal article" year="2006">Astrin et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed that they are almost identical: 16S p–distances between specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33885EFFFF3FFB0FE9F917A9A9BA000" box="[328,438,1304,1327]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and other localities ranged from 0.3–1.7%. On the other hand, distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2FBEFCFFF3FFB0FAF4917A9EB1A000" box="[1315,1436,1304,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95B196DFFF3FFB0FAF4917A9EB1A000" box="[1315,1436,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="67">P. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations and an unidentified Mexican species ranged from 23.7–24.0% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBEB88EFFF3FFB0FC6A915A9F56A060" author="Astrin" box="[957,1147,1336,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Astrin, J. J., Huber, B. A., Misof, B., Klutsch, C. F. C. (2006) Molecular taxonomy in pholcid spiders (Pholcidae, Araneae): An evaluation of methods using 16 S rRNA and CO 1. Zoologica Scripta, 35, 441 - 457." type="journal article" year="2006">Astrin et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; raw data unpublished).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |