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<document id="D751D4DB1ADB884F84B25BBF3BD2DFEB" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0001" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4586465" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614969889443" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cleal, Christopher J. &amp; Thomas, Barry A." docDate="2018" docId="03861853FFBFFFEBDB6FFC4AFB36FCC9" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.1-2.9-28.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Endogenites BRONGNIART" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFBF602BFFBCFFE8DA70F96EFFD5FF9F" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In BrongniartS 1822 “ Classification ” Paper" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698881448928" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="081F8BD54775207655BF43ED8C9D620E">Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In BrongniartS 1822 “ Classification ” Paper</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9D3D90A29D2EA334ACA8B93F10385353" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6BC2199EB2FA918D4EB9F79078CA326C">Cleal, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC38854F62AE5EE9812EC642475DB2E4">Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF 10 3 NP, United Kingdom; e-mail: chris. cleal @ museumwales. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="32BB2405B06A33AE196DCD918E0660D4">Thomas, Barry A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="619A2DBA562DFD9A4E9D5D98F319DE49">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY 201 NL, United Kingdom; e-mail: bat @ aber. ac. uk.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="28F10E0CADB52A01EFC5087F1B7C6F11">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4EBA3A2DB095BC79334AD1C6C8AC7E6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="404AFD61098344200E4430A93AD81AE3">2018-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C11CDEE359531CEC93450CB68573010C">74</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DD13D3B9549500CA562D4B92996EDE19">1 - 2</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDB6FFC4AFDE6FAA4" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[287,563,1316,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" genus="Endogenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDB6FFC4AFDE6FAA4" bold="true" box="[287,563,1316,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDB6FFC4AFE72FAA3" bold="true" box="[287,423,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endogenites</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDBDEFC4BFDE6FAA4" bold="true" box="[430,563,1317,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">BRONGNIART</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBDB1CFC2BFE32FAC2" blockId="3.[364,487,1349,1373]" box="[364,487,1349,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="1314B5C0FFBFFFEBDB1CFC2BFE32FAC2" box="[364,487,1349,1373]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[125,206,1872,1893]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Illustrations from Brongniart (1822a, b) of specimens that remain legitimate taxonomic types of fossil-species. All same scale as in original plate unless otherwise stated. a) Endongenites echinatus BRONGNIART, Eocene lignite, Vailly, near Soissons, France, × 0.5. b) Culmites nodosus BRONGNIART, Eocene Series, Montrouge near Paris, × 0.5. c) Sigillaria scutellata BRONGNIART, MNHN.F.1072.1, unknown locality. d) Clathraria brardii BRONGNIART (≡ Sigillaria brardii (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART), Pennsylvanian Subsystem. e) Sagenaria coelata BRONGNIART (≡ Lepidodendron coelatum (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART; = Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNBERG), Pennsylvanian Subsystem. f, j) Filicites (Sphenopteris) elegans BRONGNIART (≡ Sphenopteris elegans (BRONGNIART) STERNBERG), Wadenburg Formation (Serpukhovian Stage), Upper Silesia. gi) Filicites (Pecopteris) penniformis BRONGNIART (≡ Pecopteris penniformis (BRONGNIART) BRONGNIART), Pennsylvanian Subsystem." pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Text-fig. 1a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBDA1AFC1DFE26FA17" blockId="3.[106,499,1395,1417]" box="[106,499,1395,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
1822a
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDAC5FC1DFE71FA18" authority="BRONGNIART" authorityName="BRONGNIART" box="[181,420,1395,1417]" class="Polypodiopsida" genus="Endogenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDAC5FC1DFEF9FA17" box="[181,300,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endogenites</emphasis>
BRONGNIART
</taxonomicName>
, p. 209.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBDAE0FCCFFDE0FA66" blockId="3.[106,745,1441,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Ty p e.
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDA9CFCCFFF52FA46" authority="BRONGNIART, 1822 b, p. 43" authorityName="BRONGNIART, Eocene" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1822" class="Polypodiopsida" genus="Endogenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDA9CFCCFFE37FA26" box="[236,482,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endogenites echinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDB9EFCCFFD10FA26" author="Brongniart, A." box="[494,709,1441,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref15205" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 b): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. - A. Belin, Paris, 91 pp., 6 pls." type="book" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822b</bibRefCitation>
, p. 43
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 5, fig. 2; Loc.: Eocene lignite, Vailly, near Soissons,
<collectingCountry id="F338E9D5FFBFFFEBDA1AFC8FFF60FA66" box="[106,181,1505,1529]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
.(Designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDB10FC8FFDFCFA66" author="Andrews, H. N." box="[352,553,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 261" refId="ref14654" refString="Andrews, H. N. (1955): Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1820 - 1950. - US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1013: 1 - 261." type="journal article" year="1955">Andrews 1955: 82</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBDAE0FF7FFD7BF9D6" blockId="3.[106,745,1552,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">D i a g n o s i s. “Bois composé de faisceaux de vaisseaux isolés plus nombreux à la circonférence quau centre.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBDAE0FF0EFB93FE6C" blockId="3.[106,745,1632,1817]" lastBlockId="3.[820,1460,152,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
D i s c u s s i o n.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDB2CFF0EFDEBF9E7" author="Brongniart, A." box="[348,574,1632,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
created this genus for stems with endogenous growth such as found in palms. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDB26FFCFFD81F927" author="Farr, E. R. &amp; Leussink, J. A. &amp; Stafleu, A." box="[342,596,1696,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17679" refString="Farr, E. R., Leussink, J. A., Stafleu, A. (1979): Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Volume I Aa - Epochnium. - Bohn et al., Utrecht, W. Junk, The Hague, 630 pp." type="book" year="1979">Farr et al. (1979: 614)</bibRefCitation>
no type was designated, but two species were briefly described and so may be regarded as
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBFFFEBDB3DFF8FFE7BF966" box="[333,430,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDBCCFF8EFDE0F967" box="[444,565,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endogenite</emphasis>
(sic!)
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBD8F2FF8EFD3CF967" box="[642,745,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">bacillaire</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDA1AFE6EFEBAF886" author="Brongniart, A." box="[106,367,1792,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a: 211)</bibRefCitation>
was based on specimens from two different localities, none of which were figured, and whose current whereabouts are unknown (they are not listed on the MNHN on-line database). We therefore accept the proposal of
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBD929F996FBC4FE8F" author="Andrews, H. N." box="[857,1041,248,272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 261" refId="ref14654" refString="Andrews, H. N. (1955): Index of generic names of fossil plants, 1820 - 1950. - US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1013: 1 - 261." type="journal article" year="1955">Andrews (1955)</bibRefCitation>
that the other species
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDF5FF996FC4FFEAE" authorityName="BRONGNIART, Eocene" authorityYear="1822" class="Polypodiopsida" genus="Endogenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDF5FF996FC4FFEAE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endogenites echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be taken as the type.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDE86F877FCA7FECE" author="Jongmans, W. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="1169 - 1258" refId="ref18342" refString="Jongmans, W. J. (1960): Fossilium catalogus. II: Plantae. Pars 41: Filicales, Pteridospermae, Cycadales. - W. Junk, s'Gravenhage, pp. 1169 - 1258." type="book chapter" year="1960">Jongmans (1960: 1173)</bibRefCitation>
claimed that the name
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDEF0F854FADDFECE" authorityName="BRONGNIART, Eocene" authorityYear="1822" box="[1152,1288,313,337]" class="Polypodiopsida" genus="Endogenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDEF0F854FADDFECE" box="[1152,1288,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been used earlier by Brongniart (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDE30F837FB13FEEE" author="Cuvier, G." box="[1088,1222,345,369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17084" refString="Cuvier, G. (1811): Essai sur la geographie mineralogique des environs de Paris: avec une carte geognostique, et des coupes de terrain. - Baudouin, Paris, 278 pp." type="book" year="1811">Cuvier 1811</bibRefCitation>
) but this was in error; Brongniart would have been only 10 years old at the time. It was in a later Cuvier publication that
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDE95F8F4FCB0FE4D" author="Brongniart, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="353 - 371" refId="ref15304" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 d): Description des vegetaux fossils du terrain de sediment superieur, cites dans la description geologique du bassin de Paris. - In: Cuvier, G., Brongniart, Alexandre, Description geologique des environs de Paris. Nouv. ed. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris, pp. 353 - 371." type="book chapter" year="1822">Brongniart (1822d: 356)</bibRefCitation>
had used the name and, as pointed out earlier, this postdates
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBD902F8B4FB97FE6C" author="Brongniart, A." box="[882,1090,474,499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">Brongniart (1822a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90A945FFBFFFEBD92AF895FB36FCC9" blockId="3.[820,1460,152,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBD92AF895FBBEFD8C" author="Brongniart, A." box="[858,1131,507,531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref15409" refString="Brongniart, A. (1828 a): Prodrome d'une Histoire des vegetaux fossiles. F. G. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg, 223 pp [also published in Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, 57: 1 - 223]." type="book chapter" year="1828">Brongniart (1828a: 120)</bibRefCitation>
later transferred the
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBFFFEBDF13F895FA44FD8C" box="[1379,1425,507,531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBD944FB75FB5FFDAC" authority="BRONGNIART, 1822 a" authorityName="SCHLOTHEIM ex BRONGNIART" authorityYear="1822" box="[820,1162,539,563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Palmacites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBD944FB75FC7EFDAC" box="[820,939,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Palmacites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBD9C6FB75FB5FFDAC" author="Brongniart, A." box="[950,1162,539,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="203 - 240" refId="ref15150" refString="Brongniart, A. (1822 a): Sur la classification et la distribution des vegetaux fossiles en general, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment superieur en particulier. Introduction, Chapitre I. - Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 8: 203 - 240, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1822">BRONGNIART, 1822a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, on the assumption that it represented remains of a palm stem. It was later interpreted as a cycad stem and illegitimately renamed
<taxonomicName id="4C2FD2C6FFBFFFEBDF2EFB32FBCDFD0D" authority="C. PRESL" authorityName="C. PRESL" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Zamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
<emphasis id="B95B7557FFBFFFEBDF2EFB32FC60FD0B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Zamites brongniartii</emphasis>
C.PRESL
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBED4B4FFBFFFEBDE36FB12FAD1FD0B" author="Sternberg, K. M. von" box="[1094,1284,636,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref20839" refString="Sternberg, K. M. von (1838): Versuch einer geognostischbotanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, 2 (7 - 8). - G. Hasse und Sohne, Prag, pp. 81 - 220." type="book" year="1838">Sternberg (1838)</bibRefCitation>
. Until the
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBFFFEBDFF5FB12FA66FD0B" box="[1413,1459,636,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
has been located and its affinities established, it will be difficult to diagnose a fossil-genus to which this name could be applied, except perhaps for a generalised group of stem fossils with numerous protruding leaf bases, as is shown in the
<typeStatus id="549417E7FFBFFFEBD92EFA70FC5AFCA9" box="[862,911,798,822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
. However, there has been no suggestion in recent years that such a genus would be useful.
</paragraph>
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