treatments-xml/data/03/84/74/0384745AFFEF4A64FF46F909FFF6FEC8.xml

<document id="752DF5E8EE65139E570DFCA7E0FEE548" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bcc04ba5-9518-4616-aaa3-da32c9a362f2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="222039" ID-ZooBank="3D78EC8B-43C2-466C-97C2-8B184566526F" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460590858365" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Liu, Rui-Yu, Liu, J. Y. &amp; Xu, Kuidong" docDate="2013" docId="0384745AFFEF4A64FF46F909FFF6FEC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03637p122.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3637 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phytocoetes sinensis Li, Liu, Liu &amp; Xu, 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFBD0C22FFEE4A61FFD1FFEFFE3FFFAC" masterDocTitle="Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. and Telmatactis clavata (Stimpson, 1855), two poorly known species of Metridioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Chinese waters" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1698325916295" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DCEAFE1713FDDF78BD450EED8B855795">Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. and Telmatactis clavata (Stimpson, 1855), two poorly known species of Metridioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Chinese waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BECF9A1952CCEF23D1617075FECDFA83">Li, Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE0BA6BBD59201A0A7A386DF854B44A5">Liu, Rui-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97475E0596C8171DAE6D951777D78614">Liu, J. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CFCEF3263A04A45ACFC23FB83ACA11D">Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0384745AFFEF4A64FF46F909FFF6FEC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119565747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384745AFFEF4A64FF46F909FFF6FEC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384745AFFEF4A64FF46F909FFF6FEC8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<subSubSection id="C33796C7FFEF4A60FF46F909FF23F88D" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEF4A60FF46F909FFE8F8AC" blockId="1.[151,471,1766,1825]" box="[151,471,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<heading id="D0DA7220FFEF4A60FF46F909FFE8F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,471,1766,1792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEF4A60FF46F909FFE8F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,471,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEF4A60FF46F909FFB2F8AC" box="[151,397,1766,1792]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEF4A60FF46F909FFB2F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,397,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26AA425FFEF4A60FE44F909FFE8F8AC" box="[405,471,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEF4A60FF46F8E6FF23F88D" blockId="1.[151,471,1766,1825]" box="[151,284,1801,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEF4A60FF46F8E6FF23F88D" box="[151,284,1801,1825]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1513,1536]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1692,1715]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1433,589,1453]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1424,373,1491]" captionTargetBox-2="[289,1298,1059,1663]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[153,1434,589,1453]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[162,1424,373,1492]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[283,1304,1049,1671]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B – C. Paratypes." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Internal anatomy of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. A. Cross section through column proximal to actinopharynx. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Cross section through a pair of directive mesenteries, showing circumscribed retractors (R) and parietal muscle (P). Arrow indicates siphonoglyph. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. C. Cross section through microcnemes. Numbers indicate the cycles of mesenteries. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Cnidae from Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 μm (A – K in scale). Tentacle: A. Spirocyst. B. Basitrich. C. Microbasic amastigophore. Column: D. Basitrich. E. Microbasic amastigophore. Actinopharynx: F. Microbasic p - mastigophore. G. Basitrich. Filament: H. Microbasic amastigophore. I. Microbasic p - mastigophore. J. Microbasic p - mastigophore. K. Basitrich. Acontia: L. Microbasic amastigophore. M. Basitrich." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/222042/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/222043/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Figures 2–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEF4A63FF46F8BEFB1FFEB0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1873,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEF4A60FF46F8BEFFBFF8C6" bold="true" box="[151,384,1873,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Material examined.</emphasis>
All specimens were collected by Ms. Zunan Pei from the intertidal mudflat of the East 
<collectingCountry id="F33A85DCFFEF4A60FA88F8BEFBA3F8C5" box="[1369,1436,1873,1897]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">China</collectingCountry>
Sea along the coast of Zhejiang Province, 
<collectingCountry id="F33A85DCFFEF4A60FDA0F89AFC87F821" box="[625,696,1909,1933]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEF4A60FD13F89AFD10F821" box="[706,815,1909,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MBM119985 (refers to registration number hereafter), collected from the village Shashan (
<geoCoordinate id="EE19A38BFFEF4A60FDF6F876FCB4F81D" box="[551,651,1945,1969]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" precision="925" value="28.166666">28°10’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE19A38BFFEF4A60FD47F876FD3DF81D" box="[662,770,1945,1969]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" precision="925" value="121.26667">121°16’E</geoCoordinate>
) on 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEF4A60FCE5F876FDDEF81D" box="[820,993,1945,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" value="1984-03-30">30 March 1984</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEF4A60FC3AF875FA63F81E" box="[1003,1116,1946,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: MBM119986 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEF4A60FADEF876FBAFF81D" box="[1295,1424,1945,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), MBM119987 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEF4A60FE95F852FFF4F879" box="[324,459,1981,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), collected together with the 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEF4A60FCF2F852FDB6F879" box="[803,905,1981,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; MBM119988 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEF4A60FB94F852FAF4F879" box="[1093,1227,1981,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), MBM119989 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEF4A63FA41F852FF39FF03" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), MBM119990 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEC4A63FE16FF78FC73FF03" box="[455,588,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), collected from the town Lupu (
<geoCoordinate id="EE19A38BFFEC4A63FC1DFF78FA0FFF03" box="[972,1072,151,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" precision="925" value="28.15">28°09’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE19A38BFFEC4A63FBEEFF78FA94FF03" box="[1087,1195,151,175]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" precision="925" value="121.26667">121°16’E</geoCoordinate>
) on 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEC4A63FB32FF78FBA8FF03" box="[1251,1431,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" value="1984-03-29">29 March 1984</date>
; MBM183479 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEC4A63FEEFFF53FFF2FF78" box="[318,461,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
), collected from the town Lupu in 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEC4A63FC81FF53FDF2FF78" box="[848,973,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" value="1984-04">April 1984</date>
. All the above specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. Other specimens examined: MBM183878 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEC4A63FCE3FF30FDFEFF5B" box="[818,961,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
), collected from Shashan together with the 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FF46FEEBFEC2FEB0" box="[151,253,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; MBM184138 (
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEC4A63FE61FEEBFC72FEB0" box="[432,589,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
), collected from Lupu on 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEC4A63FCBFFEEBFA23FEB0" box="[878,1052,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" value="1984-03-29">29 March 1984</date>
, preserved in formalin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEC4A63FF16FEC8FAE1FDBB" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEC4A63FF16FEC8FF11FEEC" bold="true" box="[199,302,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Column.</emphasis>
Body elongated, smooth, not divisible into regions (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEC4A63FC41FEC8FDCBFE93" box="[912,1012,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,589,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1434,589,1453]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B – C. Paratypes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figure 2</figureCitation>
); column circumferentially furrowed when contracted. Aboral end usually swollen or flattened (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEC4A63FC91FEA3FD99FEC8" box="[832,934,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,589,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1434,589,1453]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B – C. Paratypes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Ethanol-preserved specimens brownish to whitish; formalin-preserved specimens brownish and translucent, mesenterial insertions visible through body wall (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEC4A63FF4FFE7BFF3FFE00" box="[158,256,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,589,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1434,589,1453]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B – C. Paratypes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B). Length 
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in 25 preserved specimens examined (
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in 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FBE5FE7BFAA4FE00" box="[1076,1179,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FB7CFE7BFAC3FE00" box="[1197,1276,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FAE3FE7BFBBFFE00" box="[1330,1408,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
in two smallest specimens; column diameter at narrowest point 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FC8FFE58FD80FE63" box="[862,959,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FC03FE58FA29FE63" box="[978,1046,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FB90FE58FA98FE63" box="[1089,1191,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), column diameter at widest point 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FEE3FE33FF9CFE58" box="[306,419,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="3.0">3–16 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FE66FE33FC32FE58" box="[439,525,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
in 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FDEAFE33FC9EFE58" box="[571,673,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), pedal disc diameter 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FC7AFE33FA24FE58" box="[939,1051,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">3–18 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FBE1FE33FABAFE58" box="[1072,1157,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
in 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FB62FE33FB25FE58" box="[1203,1306,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Cinclides scattered on upper column, difficult to recognize in preserved specimens unless aconitia protrude.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5295C4FFEC4A63FF46FA2DFB14FA74" box="[151,1323,1474,1497]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" targetBox="[153,1433,589,1453]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEC4A63FF46FA2DFB14FA74" blockId="2.[151,1323,1474,1497]" box="[151,1323,1474,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEC4A63FF46FA2DFF2CFA74" bold="true" box="[151,275,1474,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
External morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEC4A63FDC2FA2DFCDCFA74" box="[531,739,1474,1496]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEC4A63FDC2FA2DFCDCFA74" box="[531,739,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26AA425FFEC4A63FD3BFA2CFD1FFA74" box="[746,800,1475,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B–C. Paratypes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33796C7FFEC4A62FF16F9EDFF81F96E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEC4A63FF16F9EDFCECF92A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1538,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEC4A63FF16F9EDFFC3F9B7" bold="true" box="[199,508,1538,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Oral Disc and Tentacles.</emphasis>
Oral disc circular, not divided into lobes, same color as column, mesenterial insertions visible as pale lines; diameter 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FDBAF9C9FCE7F992" box="[619,728,1574,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="6.0">6–27 mm</quantity>
in expanded specimens, commonly exceeding that of column (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEC4A63FF4FF9A5FF3EF9CE" box="[158,257,1610,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,589,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1434,589,1453]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 mm. A. Holotype. B – C. Paratypes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Mouth ovoid, whitish, elevated in center of disc. Actinopharynx well developed, occupying 1/3–1/2 of column length, with 12–18 ridges (
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FDF1F981FC66F92A" box="[544,601,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FDB1F981FCF8F92A" box="[608,711,1646,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEC4A63FF16F97DFF1AF8BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1538,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
Tentacles marginal, smooth, taper at aboral end, paler than column, typically 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FB9DF97DFAF6F906" box="[1100,1225,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
long in preserved specimens. Tentacles typically hexamerously arranged in five cycles, with inner ones slightly longer than outer ones; 72–118 (
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FEEFF935FF46F95E" box="[318,377,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1082" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="in" value="83.0">83 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEC4A63FE50F935FFDAF95E" box="[385,485,1754,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) in 
<specimenCount id="9D2B0EC5FFEC4A63FDC3F935FC94F95E" box="[530,683,1754,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
examined, but only 48 and 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEC4A63FC3BF935FA1BF95E" box="[1002,1060,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2953999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="in" value="51.0">51 in</quantity>
two specimens, full complement probably 96.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEC4A63FF16F8CCFBA3F842" blockId="2.[151,1437,1538,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEC4A63FF16F8CCFF9AF897" bold="true" box="[199,421,1826,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Internal Anatomy.</emphasis>
Two elongate, symmetrical siphonoglyphs, each attached to pair of directive mesenteries. Mesenteries divisible into macrocnemes and microcnemes, composed of 48 pairs hexamerously arranged in four cycles in large specimens: 6 + 6 + 12 + 24 (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFEC4A63FD4BF885FCC2F82E" box="[666,765,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1513,1536]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,373,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1424,373,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Internal anatomy of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. A. Cross section through column proximal to actinopharynx. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Cross section through a pair of directive mesenteries, showing circumscribed retractors (R) and parietal muscle (P). Arrow indicates siphonoglyph. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. C. Cross section through microcnemes. Numbers indicate the cycles of mesenteries. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222042/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figure 3</figureCitation>
C). Mesenteries of first cycle are macrocnemes, fertile; all others are microcnemes, sterile, without muscles, filaments, or acontia. Mesenteries more numerous distally than proximally in large specimens: the highest order cycle small, located just on the oral disc, between the bases of the tentacles. In the smallest specimen, 24 pairs mesenteries arranged in three cycles extend full length of column.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF46FF77FFF1FF78" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Large oral stoma. Dioecious. Acontia few, typically coiled, only one aconitum arises from each macrocneme proximally. Zooxanthellate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF16FF0FFFA2FE93" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
No marginal sphincter. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles and radial muscles of oral disc ectodermal. Longitudinal retractor muscles strong, circumscribed (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFED4A62FD29FEEBFD65FEB0" box="[760,858,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1513,1536]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,373,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1424,373,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Internal anatomy of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. A. Cross section through column proximal to actinopharynx. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Cross section through a pair of directive mesenteries, showing circumscribed retractors (R) and parietal muscle (P). Arrow indicates siphonoglyph. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. C. Cross section through microcnemes. Numbers indicate the cycles of mesenteries. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222042/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Parietobasilar muscles weak, diffuse (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFED4A62FAC8FEEBFB46FEB0" box="[1305,1401,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1513,1536]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,373,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1424,373,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Internal anatomy of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. A. Cross section through column proximal to actinopharynx. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Cross section through a pair of directive mesenteries, showing circumscribed retractors (R) and parietal muscle (P). Arrow indicates siphonoglyph. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. C. Cross section through microcnemes. Numbers indicate the cycles of mesenteries. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222042/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B). Basilar muscles absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5295C4FFED4A62FF46FA06FFD7F9F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222042/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" targetBox="[162,1424,373,1491]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF46FA06FFD7F9F0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1513,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FF46FA06FF2DFA53" bold="true" box="[151,274,1513,1536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Internal anatomy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FE37FA05FC89F9AC" box="[486,694,1514,1536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FE37FA05FC89F9AC" box="[486,694,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26AA425FFED4A62FD6DFA04FCCCF9AC" box="[700,755,1515,1536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Cross section through column proximal to actinopharynx. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Cross section through a pair of directive mesenteries, showing circumscribed retractors (R) and parietal muscle (P). Arrow indicates siphonoglyph. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. C. Cross section through microcnemes. Numbers indicate the cycles of mesenteries. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF16F96AFF81F96E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1669,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FF16F96AFF11F932" bold="true" box="[199,302,1669,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Cnidom.</emphasis>
Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic amastigophores, microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FC21F968FDC1F932" box="[1008,1022,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores (
<figureCitation id="1316D9C9FFED4A62FB68F969FB24F932" box="[1209,1307,1670,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1692,1715]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,1059,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[283,1304,1049,1671]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidae from Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Scale bars = 20 μm (A – K in scale). Tentacle: A. Spirocyst. B. Basitrich. C. Microbasic amastigophore. Column: D. Basitrich. E. Microbasic amastigophore. Actinopharynx: F. Microbasic p - mastigophore. G. Basitrich. Filament: H. Microbasic amastigophore. I. Microbasic p - mastigophore. J. Microbasic p - mastigophore. K. Basitrich. Acontia: L. Microbasic amastigophore. M. Basitrich." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222043/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). See 
<tableCitation id="C6AFF0F7FFED4A62FA8FF969FE9AF96E" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,295,319]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution and size of the cnidae of Phytocoetes sinensis n. sp. Letters after each type refer to Figure 4. N is the proportion of examined individuals with a particular type of cnida; n is the number of cnidae measured." pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Table 1</tableCitation>
for distribution and size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33796C7FFED4A62FF16F922FCC3F8A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF16F922FCC3F8A6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1669,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FF16F922FFC7F94A" bold="true" box="[199,504,1741,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Distribution and Habitat.</emphasis>
This species has been only found on the intertidal mudflats in the East 
<collectingCountry id="F33A85DCFFED4A62FAF3F921FB5AF94A" box="[1314,1381,1742,1766]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
Sea. Many specimens were collected from the 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFED4A62FDBAF91CFCA4F8A7" box="[619,667,1779,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33796C7FFED4A62FF16F8F9FBA3F882" box="[199,1436,1814,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A62FF16F8F9FBA3F882" blockId="3.[151,1436,1669,2019]" box="[199,1436,1814,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FF16F8F9FF71F882" bold="true" box="[199,334,1814,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FDF6F8F8FCBFF882" box="[551,640,1815,1838]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FDF6F8F8FCBFF882" box="[551,640,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is new Latin for “Chinese”, referring to the 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFED4A62FBBDF8F8FAA3F883" box="[1132,1180,1815,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33796C7FFED4A64FF16F8D5FFF6FEC8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFED4A65FF16F8D5FD84FF5B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1669,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FF16F8D5FF04F8FE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1850,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
Carlgren (1921) created the family Halcampactiidae for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FC0CF8D5FA46F8FE" box="[989,1145,1850,1874]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Halcampactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FC0CF8D5FA46F8FE" box="[989,1145,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Halcampactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FB68F8D5FB1FF8FE" box="[1209,1312,1850,1874]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Haliactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FB68F8D5FB1FF8FE" box="[1209,1312,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Haliactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although Carlgren (1949) later wrote: “I prefer to use 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FD5CF8B1FD2BF8DA" box="[653,788,1886,1910]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Haliactiidae</taxonomicName>
instead of Halcampactiidae as the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFED4A62FB37F8B1FBBDF8DA" box="[1254,1410,1886,1910]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Halcampactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFED4A62FB37F8B1FBBDF8DA" box="[1254,1410,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Halcampactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is imperfectly known,” this is insufficient justification to re-name the family. Furthermore, the family name was formulated incorrectly in his original description: Carlgren (1921) failed to include the “n” of the root word “actin” of the genus name. Thus, the valid name of the family is Halcampactinidae Carlgren, 1921. Members of Halcampactinidae are distinguished by an elongated body, the presence of microcnemes and acontia, and in lacking basilar or marginal sphincter muscles (Daly et al., 2007). It comprises six genera and eight valid species (Fautin, 2013). No member of the family has previously been reported in 
<collectingCountry id="F33A85DCFFEA4A65FCA1FF30FD89FF5B" box="[880,950,223,247]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5295C4FFEA4A65FF46FEC8FB30FEF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF46FEC8FB30FEF3" blockId="4.[151,1436,295,351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FF46FEC8FF36FE93" bold="true" box="[151,265,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution and size of the cnidae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEA4A65FD70FEC7FD42FE93" box="[673,893,296,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FD70FEC7FD42FE93" box="[673,893,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26AA425FFEA4A65FC52FEC7FD83FE93" box="[899,956,296,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Letters after each type refer to Figure 4. N is the proportion of examined individuals with a particular type of cnida; n is the number of cnidae measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FE6FFA85FE38" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" box="[165,1210,383,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Tissue Cnida 
<typeStatus id="54967BEEFFEA4A65FE07FE6EFC3DFE3A" box="[470,514,385,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
N n Range, in μm
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FE43FB0BFDB6" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Tentacle Spirocyst (A) 2/2 156 16.0–35.0 × 2.0–4.0 Basitrich (B) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FE36FDCBFE42" box="[849,1012,473,494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1943-02-02">2/2 43</date>
21.0–31.0 × 2.0–3.0 Microbasic amastigophore (C) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC81FDEBFDCCFDB6" box="[848,1011,516,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1968-02-02">2/2 68</date>
14.0–38.0 × 3.0–4.0 (6.0)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FDDFFAC1FDDE" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Column Basitrich (D) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FDDEFDCBFDEA" box="[849,1012,561,582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1988-02-02">2/2 88</date>
23.0–30.0 × 3.0–4.0 Microbasic amastigophore (E) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC81FDB2FDCCFDDE" box="[848,1011,605,626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1918-02-02">2/2 18</date>
14.0–26.0 × 3.0–4.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FD67FBBAFD32" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" box="[165,1413,648,671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Actinopharynx Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FDDDFD66FC27FD32" box="[524,536,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore (F) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FD66FDCBFD32" box="[849,1012,649,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1921-02-02">2/2 21</date>
(13.0) 20.0–35.0 (48.0) × 3.0–5.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FE42FD5BFAC2FD66" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" box="[403,1277,692,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Basitrich (G) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FD5AFDCBFD66" box="[849,1012,692,714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1915-02-02">2/2 15</date>
20.0–34.0 × 2.0–3.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FD0FFACEFCE2" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Filament Microbasic amastigophore (H) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC81FD0EFDCCFD5A" box="[848,1011,737,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1928-02-02">2/2 28</date>
23.0–48.0 × 3.0–5.0 Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FDDDFCE2FC27FC8E" box="[524,536,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore (I) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FCE2FDCBFC8E" box="[849,1012,781,802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1927-02-02">2/2 27</date>
16.0–32.0 × 4.0–6.0 Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FDDDFCD6FC27FCE2" box="[524,536,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore (J) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FCD6FDCCFCE2" box="[849,1011,825,846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1913-02-02">2/2 13</date>
8.0–14.0 × 3.0–4.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FE42FC8BFAEFFCD6" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" box="[403,1232,868,891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Basitrich (K) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FC8AFDCBFCD6" box="[849,1012,869,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="2012-02-02">2/2 12</date>
11.0–18.5 × 2.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF74FC7FFAC2FC7E" blockId="4.[165,1413,383,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
Acontia Microbasic amastigophore (L) 2/2 137 37.0–83.0 × 4.0–7.0 Basitrich (M) 
<date id="FF93E38CFFEA4A65FC80FC52FDCBFC7E" box="[849,1012,957,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" value="1940-02-02">2/2 40</date>
16.0–26.0 × 2.0–3.0
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5295C4FFEA4A65FF46F973FDF1F8A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/222043/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" targetBox="[289,1298,1059,1663]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A65FF46F973FDF1F8A3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1692,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FF46F973FF2DF91E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1692,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Cnidae from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEA4A65FE4DF972FC53F91F" box="[412,620,1693,1715]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FE4DF972FC53F91F" box="[412,620,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26AA425FFEA4A65FDA3F972FC97F91E" box="[626,680,1693,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bars = 20 μm (A–K in scale). Tentacle: A. Spirocyst. B. Basitrich. C. Microbasic amastigophore. Column: D. Basitrich. E. Microbasic amastigophore. Actinopharynx: F. Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FA56F953FBABF97D" box="[1415,1428,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
- mastigophore. G. Basitrich. Filament: H. Microbasic amastigophore. I. Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FBE0F934FA01F95C" box="[1073,1086,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore. J. Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FA56F934FBABF95C" box="[1415,1428,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">p</emphasis>
- mastigophore. K. Basitrich. Acontia: L. Microbasic amastigophore. M. Basitrich.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92C54CFFEA4A64FF66F8D6FFF6FEC8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1849,2017]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
This new species is very similar to its only congener 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEA4A65FCC5F8D5FA4DF8FD" authority="Annandale, 1915" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1915" box="[788,1138,1849,1873]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gangeticus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FCC5F8D5FD95F8FD" box="[788,938,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">P. gangeticus</emphasis>
Annandale, 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEA4A65FBEBF8D6FA4DF8FD" box="[1082,1138,1849,1873]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8641" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="1915.0">1915</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in body shape, but differs distinctly by the larger body size (length usually 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEA4A65FD14F8B2FD72F8D9" box="[709,845,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="95.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="61.0">61–130 mm</quantity>
in preserved specimens vs. no more than 
<quantity id="4CD568A9FFEA4A65FAFFF8B2FB41F8D9" box="[1326,1406,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in live specimens). Moreover, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEA4A65FE04F86EFC80F835" box="[469,703,1921,1945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FE04F86EFC80F835" box="[469,703,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Phytocoetes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 48 pairs of mesenteries arranged in four cycles and usually 72–118 tentacles in large (fully matured) specimens, whereas according to Annandale’s (1915) original description, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEA4A65FF46F825FF0FF84D" box="[151,304,1994,2017]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gangeticus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEA4A65FF46F825FF0FF84D" box="[151,304,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">P. gangeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only 12 pairs of mesenteries arranged in two cycles and 50–65 tentacles. Annandale (1915) indicated that the normal number of fully developed tentacles was probably 48 or 60. As the number of mesenteries is usually equal to that of tentacles in sea anemones, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEB4A64FCDDFF52FD9AFF78" box="[780,933,189,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gangeticus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEB4A64FCDDFF52FD9AFF78" box="[780,933,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">P. gangeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have additional microcnemes that are typically very small and located in distal part of column or just under (or even on) the oral disc, between the bases of the tentacles, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEB4A64FE5CFEEAFC3DFEB0" box="[397,514,261,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEB4A64FE5CFEEAFC3DFEB0" box="[397,514,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">P. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even so, our smallest specimen of 
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEB4A64FC4AFEEAFA32FEB0" box="[923,1037,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">P. s in e ns i s</emphasis>
has more mesenteries (24 pairs) in the proximal column than those in mature individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2DBECFFFEB4A64FCE0FEC6FDF6FEEC" box="[817,969,297,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haliactiidae" genus="Phytocoetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gangeticus">
<emphasis id="B959195EFFEB4A64FCE0FEC6FDF6FEEC" box="[817,969,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">P. gangeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12 pairs). These differences justify the validity of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>