306 lines
60 KiB
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306 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F5508A391D44E2FA818F0E53D192A654">Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399130" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199502796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5399130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="779" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BD939BFC1AE41FFA9A5B55" box="[985,1282,1381,1402]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BD939BFC1AE41FFA9A5B55" blockId="251.[842,1425,1381,1467]" box="[985,1282,1381,1402]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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<heading id="D0DD2B0D10BD939BFC1AE41FFA9A5B55" box="[985,1282,1381,1402]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFC1AE41FFA9A5B55" ID-CoL="82VD" ID-ENA="489307" authority="SIMON 1922" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[985,1282,1381,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFC1AE41FFBF75B55" box="[985,1135,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">TROGLONETA</emphasis>
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SIMON 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BD939BFC89E4FFFB205B94" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BD939BFC89E4FFFB205B94" blockId="251.[842,1425,1381,1467]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFC91E4FFFC355BB5" box="[850,941,1412,1434]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">FIGS 63</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFC79E4FEFC415BB5" box="[954,985,1412,1434]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">64</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFC25E4FEFBA25BB5" box="[998,1082,1412,1434]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="82.[144,221,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@82.[144,1425,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 65. A, Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda (Mysmenidae), female syntype, left posterior lateral spinneret. B–H, Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae). B, female left leg I; C–F, male left leg I; G, H, female left leg IV. B, femur, patella and tibia; C, metatarsus, dorsal view; D, tarsus, prolateral view; E, proximal metatarsal cuticular pattern, dorsal view; F, claws, prolateral view; G, tarsus, retrolateral view; H, metatarsus, retrolateral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371489/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">65B–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFB84E4FEFB175BB5" box="[1095,1167,1412,1434]" captionStart-0="Figure 66" captionStart-1="Figure 67" captionStart-2="Figure 68" captionStartId-0="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionStartId-1="84.[144,223,1792,1811]" captionStartId-2="85.[164,243,1012,1031]" captionTargetBox-0="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1380,195,1761]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1445,196,981]" captionTargetId-0="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@84.[189,1380,195,1762]" captionTargetId-2="figure-391@85.[164,1445,196,983]" captionTargetPageId-0="83" captionTargetPageId-1="84" captionTargetPageId-2="85" captionText-0="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." captionText-1="Figure 67. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva; D, left posterior spinnerets; E, booklung cover; F, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior spiracle, ventral view; G, ocular area, frontal view; H, same, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." captionText-2="Figure 68. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, left tarsus I, prolateral view; B, left metatarsus I, prolateral view; C, abdomen, detail of colulus, posterior spiracle and spinnerets, ventral view; D, left tibia III, prolateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371493" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371495" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5371493/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5371495/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">66–68</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFB5EE4FFFB405BB5" box="[1181,1240,1413,1434]" captionStart="Figure 128" captionStartId="144.[144,223,1784,1803]" captionTargetBox="[171,1404,198,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-0@144.[162,1404,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Figure 128. Mysmenidae female genitalia, cleared: A, Isela okuncana, dorsal view; B, Maymena mayana, dorsal view; C, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view; D, Maymena ambita, ventral view; E, Maymena rica, dorsal view; F, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; G, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371567/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">128F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFB27E4FFFAD95BB5" box="[1252,1345,1413,1434]" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="147.[164,242,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[219,1397,202,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-0@147.[209,1400,194,1701]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="Figure 131. Mysmenidae male left palp (unless otherwise stated), cleared: A, Mysmenopsis penai, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; B, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, retrolateral view; C, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, presumably paralectotype, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; D, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, ventral view, right palp, inverted; E, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; F, Trogloneta cantareira, ventral view; G, Kilifina-MYSM-002- KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view, right palp, inverted; H, Isela okuncana, ventral view; I, Maymena ambita, ventral view; J, Maymena mayana, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371573/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">131E, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BD939BFA8DE4FFFA165BB5" box="[1358,1422,1413,1434]" captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="158.[144,223,1704,1723]" captionTargetBox="[194,1372,193,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@158.[194,1372,193,1674]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="Figure 142. Composite images of Mysmenidae species: Mysmeninae and Trogloneta. A, B, Microdipoena nyungwe; A, male, lateral view; B, female, ventral view. C, Trogloneta granulum, female, ventral view. D, Mysmena (= Calodipoena) incredula, female, lateral view, inverted. E, Mysmena (= Calodipoena) mootae, female holotype, dorsal view. F, Mysmena (= Calomyspoena) santacruzi, female paratype, dorsal view. G–I, Mysmena (= Itapua) tembei; G, male holotype, lateral view, inverted; H, male holotype, frontal view; I, female paratype, frontal view. J–L, Mysmena (= Kekenboschiella) awari, male paratype; J, lateral view; K, dorsal view; L, ventral view. M, N, Mysmeniola spinifera, male holotype; M, lateral view; N, ventral view. O, Brasilionata arborense, male holotype, dorsal view, abdomen detached. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371585/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">142C</figureCitation>
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: CLADE C192)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BD939BFCF9E4B1FB965940" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BD939BFCF9E4B1FC4058B7" blockId="251.[826,1442,1483,1903]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3ABB4F10BD939BFCF9E4B1FC4058B7" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFCF9E4B1FBF55BCF" ID-CoL="82VD" authority="Simon, 1922: 200" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1922" box="[826,1133,1483,1505]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFCF9E4B1FC345BCF" box="[826,940,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Trogloneta</emphasis>
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Simon, 1922: 200
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFBB8E4B1FB775BCF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[1147,1263,1483,1504]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Troglonata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFBB8E4B1FB775BCF" box="[1147,1263,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Troglonata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFB3EE4B1FA0B5BCF" box="[1277,1427,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">lapsus calami</emphasis>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010BD939BFCF9E490FC675BD0" box="[826,1023,1513,1536]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Simon, 1926: 313</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010BD939BFBC9E490FB265BD0" box="[1034,1214,1514,1535]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Fage, 1931: 143</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010BD939BFB0AE490FA065BD0" box="[1225,1438,1513,1536]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Gertsch, 1960a: 12</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BBA7010BD939BFCF9E772FC4058B7" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Levi & Levi, 1962: 64. Brignoli, 1970: 1409. Thaler, 1975: 284. Wunderlich, 1980b: 267. Brignoli, 1983: 380. Wunderlich, 1987: 139–140. Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 306. Breuss, 2001: 187. Brescovit & Lopardo, 2008: 94–104.</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BD939BFC90E7DBFB965940" blockId="251.[826,1442,1483,1903]" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFC90E7DBFB2B5899" ID-CoL="6J2K" authority="Archer, 1953: 20" authorityName="Archer" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1953" box="[851,1203,1697,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Parogulnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFC90E7DBFC795899" box="[851,993,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Parogulnius</emphasis>
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Archer, 1953: 20
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</taxonomicName>
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. Gertsch, 1960a: 10 (synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFBE1E7BAFB0358FA" ID-CoL="82VD" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[1058,1179,1728,1749]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFBE1E7BAFB0358FA" box="[1058,1179,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">Trogloneta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
). Brignoli, 1970: 1410 (rejected synonymy, transfer to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFB7AE7A4FA0E58DB" ID-CoL="H6P" baseAuthorityName="Coddington" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1209,1430,1758,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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||
). Coddington, 1986a: 6 (placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFB05E787FA39593C" ID-CoL="H6P" baseAuthorityName="Coddington" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1222,1441,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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||
as
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BD939BFC9DE666FC63591F" box="[862,1019,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="778">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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||
). Lopardo & Coddington, 2005: 176 (suggested placement within
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BD939BFB53E640FABC597F" ID-CoL="624Q2" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[1168,1316,1850,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
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, no formal taxonomic action).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939CFF53E1BCFD135F36" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E1BCFE815EF4" blockId="252.[144,758,198,281]" box="[144,281,198,219]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E1BCFE815EF4" box="[144,281,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549122C310BA939CFF53E1BCFF5C5EF4" box="[144,196,198,219]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E19EFD135F36" blockId="252.[144,758,198,281]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF53E19EFD855ED5" ID-CoL="598ZG" authority="Simon 1922" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[144,541,228,250]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E19EFE1E5ED6" box="[144,390,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta granulum</emphasis>
|
||
Simon 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549122C310BA939CFF29E079FE835F37" box="[234,283,259,280]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material in MNHN, examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939CFF53E025FD065941" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E025FDAA5F5B" blockId="252.[144,759,351,770]" box="[144,562,351,372]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E025FDAA5F5B" box="[144,562,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Familial placement and composition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E007FEE35D2D" blockId="252.[144,759,351,770]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
Transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFE81E007FDBF5FBC" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[322,551,381,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDB1E007FD6E5FBC" authorityName=", Agnarsson" authorityYear="2004" box="[626,758,381,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Gertsch (1960a), and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDCCE0E6FD345F9D" box="[527,684,412,434]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF53E0C1FEED5FFE" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[144,373,443,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Forster & Platnick (1977). In the working phylogenetic hypothesis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFDB1E0A3FD715FC0" box="[626,745,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 161" captionStartId="192.[144,221,1256,1275]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,433,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-272@192.[144,1425,474,1226]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="Figure 161. Hypothesis of relationships within Mysmenidae, taken from the results of the combined analysis from Lopardo et al. (2011) (see Fig. 160). New taxonomic (i.e. generic) status as proposed in our study is assigned to each representative; new combinations are emphasized in bold. Unambiguous morphological character optimizations are shown for every branch in the tree. Numbers below each node indicate node numbers. Empty and filled boxes represent homoplasious and non-homoplasious transformations, respectively. Major clades representing taxonomic decisions discussed in the text are highlighted in grey boxes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371617/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 161B</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF53E082FE905C22" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[144,264,504,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E082FE905C22" box="[144,264,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to the clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFD44E082FD6F5C22" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1960" box="[647,759,504,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Maymena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFD44E082FD6F5C22" box="[647,759,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Maymena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF08E36CFE1E5C03" box="[203,390,534,556]" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="781" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">Mysmenopsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDD6E36CFD155C04" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[533,653,534,555]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFDD6E36CFD155C04" box="[533,653,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes nine described species (Platnick, 2014), and it is here represented by two described plus four undescribed species (the latter species have been scored for molecular data only):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFE68E3EBFDA65C89" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[427,574,657,678]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFE68E3EBFDA65C89" box="[427,574,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">T. granulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFD96E3EBFD775C89" box="[597,751,657,678]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cantareira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFD96E3EBFD775C89" box="[597,751,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">T. cantareira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF53E3D5FE8A5CEB" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[144,274,687,708]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E3D5FE8A5CEB" box="[144,274,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp-Rix-AUST,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFE1AE3D5FDC35CEB" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[473,603,687,708]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFE1AE3D5FDC35CEB" box="[473,603,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-MYSM-022- ARG,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFF15E3B4FED65CCC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[214,334,718,739]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF15E3B4FED65CCC" box="[214,334,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-MYSM-024-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DDCF110BA939CFE20E3B4FDAD5CCC" box="[483,565,718,739]" name="Chile" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDB5E3B4FD765CCC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[630,750,718,739]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFDB5E3B4FD765CCC" box="[630,750,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- MYSM-025-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DDCF110BA939CFEDEE396FEE85D2D" box="[285,368,748,770]" name="Chile" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E232FE955D72" blockId="252.[144,759,840,1902]" box="[144,269,840,861]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFF53E232FE955D72" box="[144,269,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Monophyly</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFF53E21DFD065941" blockId="252.[144,759,840,1902]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
Morphological synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDD8E21DFD0B5D53" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[539,659,871,892]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFDD8E21DFD0B5D53" box="[539,659,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include: a third additional anterior field on ALS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD8CE2FFFD2B5DB4" box="[591,691,901,923]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 64C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD7DE2FFFD725DB4" box="[702,746,901,923]" captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">66F</figureCitation>
|
||
); minute colulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE94E2DEFE5C5D95" box="[343,452,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 64D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE17E2DEFD9A5D95" box="[468,514,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="84.[144,223,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,195,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-0@84.[189,1380,195,1762]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 67. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva; D, left posterior spinnerets; E, booklung cover; F, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior spiracle, ventral view; G, ocular area, frontal view; H, same, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371493/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">67F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFDD1E2DEFDDB5D95" box="[530,579,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="85.[164,243,1012,1031]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,196,981]" captionTargetId="figure-391@85.[164,1445,196,983]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 68. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, left tarsus I, prolateral view; B, left metatarsus I, prolateral view; C, abdomen, detail of colulus, posterior spiracle and spinnerets, ventral view; D, left tibia III, prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371495/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">68C</figureCitation>
|
||
); minute AME (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFF5BE2B9FF625DF6" box="[152,250,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="84.[144,223,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,195,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-0@84.[189,1380,195,1762]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 67. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva; D, left posterior spinnerets; E, booklung cover; F, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior spiracle, ventral view; G, ocular area, frontal view; H, same, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371493/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 67G</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior median eyes separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD44E2B9FD725DF6" box="[647,746,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="84.[144,223,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,195,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-0@84.[189,1380,195,1762]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 67. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva; D, left posterior spinnerets; E, booklung cover; F, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior spiracle, ventral view; G, ocular area, frontal view; H, same, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371493/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 67H</figureCitation>
|
||
); triangular labium, not swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE32E29BFDD65DD8" box="[497,590,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 63I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD9AE29BFD135DD8" box="[601,651,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">66H</figureCitation>
|
||
); uniform coloration on dorsal abdomen, but distinctly lighter ventral abdomen, with whitish extended coloration posteriorly; no abdominal supra-pedicellate nubbins; lateral copulatory ducts–spermathecae junction; two spermstorage compartments per spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD9BE500FD5B5ABF" box="[600,707,1146,1168]" captionStart="Figure 128" captionStartId="144.[144,223,1784,1803]" captionTargetBox="[171,1404,198,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-0@144.[162,1404,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Figure 128. Mysmenidae female genitalia, cleared: A, Isela okuncana, dorsal view; B, Maymena mayana, dorsal view; C, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view; D, Maymena ambita, ventral view; E, Maymena rica, dorsal view; F, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; G, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371567/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 128F</figureCitation>
|
||
); accessory glands on vulva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE61E5E3FD995A80" box="[418,513,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 64A</figureCitation>
|
||
); female distal ventral sclerotized spot only on femur I; males with all eyes on tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFEEBE5ACFE215AC4" box="[296,441,1238,1260]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 63G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE0AE5ACFE625AC3" box="[457,506,1238,1260]" captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">66A</figureCitation>
|
||
); carapace height dimorphism (i.e. male carapace higher than female, compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFF3AE469FEC75B06" box="[249,351,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 63G</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE58E469FE535B06" box="[411,459,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">64E</figureCitation>
|
||
); bifid embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD49E469FD6A5B06" box="[650,754,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 63E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFF53E448FF265B67" box="[144,190,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">66E</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegular groove acting as conductor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD92E448FD2B5B67" box="[593,691,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 63E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD7DE448FD735B67" box="[702,747,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="83.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@83.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 66. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, prosoma, lateral view. B–E, left palp; B, retrolateral view; C, prolateral view; D, prolateral–dorsal view; E, embolus. F, anterior lateral spinnerets; G, mouthparts, lateral view; H, labium, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371491/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">66C</figureCitation>
|
||
); no switchbacks I and II on the spermatic duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD49E42AFF3A5BAB" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="147.[164,242,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[219,1397,202,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-0@147.[209,1400,194,1701]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="Figure 131. Mysmenidae male left palp (unless otherwise stated), cleared: A, Mysmenopsis penai, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; B, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, retrolateral view; C, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, presumably paralectotype, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; D, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, ventral view, right palp, inverted; E, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; F, Trogloneta cantareira, ventral view; G, Kilifina-MYSM-002- KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view, right palp, inverted; H, Isela okuncana, ventral view; I, Maymena ambita, ventral view; J, Maymena mayana, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371573/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 131E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); a flat and blunt primary cymbial conductor with a particular half circle shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFE34E4F4FDE45B8B" box="[503,636,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 63B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and particular cymbial shape, flat and tapering (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD90E4D6FD2A5BED" box="[595,690,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 63C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with basal paracymbium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFEB2E4B1FE565BCE" box="[369,462,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 63A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with internal cymbial tarsal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFEFAE493FE5C5BD0" box="[313,452,1513,1535]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 63B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFEAEE772FE785832" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[365,480,1544,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFEAEE772FE785832" box="[365,480,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include: anterior reduced booklungs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFECDE75DFEF45813" box="[270,364,1574,1597]" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="84.[144,223,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,195,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-0@84.[189,1380,195,1762]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 67. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, digested abdomen, anterior respiratory system and vulva; D, left posterior spinnerets; E, booklung cover; F, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior spiracle, ventral view; G, ocular area, frontal view; H, same, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371493/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 67C</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior respiratory system, with single median apodemal structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFDE1E73FFD1B5874" box="[546,643,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 64B</figureCitation>
|
||
); epigynal area elevated ventrally and smooth uniform proximal copulatory ducts of increased diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD4FE7F8FD6B58B7" box="[652,755,1666,1688]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="81.[164,243,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@81.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 64. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), female: A, digested abdomen, detail of vulva; B, same, detail of posterior respiratory system; C, right anterior lateral spinneret; D, abdomen, detail of colulus and posterior respiratory spiracle; E, prosoma, lateral view; F, same, anterodorsal view; G, left palpal tibia, dorsal view; H, sternal cuticular pattern; I, carapace dorsal cuticular pattern, detail from panel F. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371487/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 64A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFF53E7DBFF535898" box="[144,203,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 128" captionStartId="144.[144,223,1784,1803]" captionTargetBox="[171,1404,198,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-0@144.[162,1404,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Figure 128. Mysmenidae female genitalia, cleared: A, Isela okuncana, dorsal view; B, Maymena mayana, dorsal view; C, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view; D, Maymena ambita, ventral view; E, Maymena rica, dorsal view; F, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; G, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, dorsal view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371567/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">128F</figureCitation>
|
||
); males with sclerotized femoral spot on femur I; shorter, but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFDC5E7A4FDE958DB" box="[518,625,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="82.[144,221,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@82.[144,1425,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 65. A, Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda (Mysmenidae), female syntype, left posterior lateral spinneret. B–H, Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae). B, female left leg I; C–F, male left leg I; G, H, female left leg IV. B, femur, patella and tibia; C, metatarsus, dorsal view; D, tarsus, prolateral view; E, proximal metatarsal cuticular pattern, dorsal view; F, claws, prolateral view; G, tarsus, retrolateral view; H, metatarsus, retrolateral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371489/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 65D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFD41E7A4FD2B58DB" box="[642,691,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="85.[164,243,1012,1031]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,196,981]" captionTargetId="figure-391@85.[164,1445,196,983]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 68. Trogloneta granulum (Mysmenidae), male. A, left tarsus I, prolateral view; B, left metatarsus I, prolateral view; C, abdomen, detail of colulus, posterior spiracle and spinnerets, ventral view; D, left tibia III, prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371495/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">68A</figureCitation>
|
||
); and tegular conductor neither with a proximal groove nor associated with embolus, and with a surface covered with small ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFEAFE640FD8D5960" box="[364,533,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="80.[144,223,1787,1806]" captionTargetBox="[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-0@80.[222,1345,194,1757]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 63. Trogloneta cantareira (Mysmenidae), male. A–F, right palp, inverted; A, retrolateral view; B, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral–retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, detail of embolic base and primary cymbial conductor. G, prosoma, lateral view; H, ocular area, frontal view; I, mouthparts, lateral–ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371484/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 63A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFDE8E640FD3B5960" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[555,675,1850,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFDE8E640FD3B5960" box="[555,675,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also supported by 160 molecular synapomorphies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939CFCE5E1BCFAA95A81" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFCE5E1BCFC0E5EF4" blockId="252.[806,1421,198,1198]" box="[806,918,198,219]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFCE5E1BCFC0E5EF4" box="[806,918,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFCE5E19EFAA95A81" blockId="252.[806,1421,198,1198]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFCE5E19EFC065ED6" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[806,926,228,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFCE5E19EFC065ED6" box="[806,926,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other mysmenid genera by the presence of a third additional anterior field on ALS; minute colulus (although it has been described as ‘large’ on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549122C310BA939CFCBBE03AFC315F7A" box="[888,937,320,341]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFBCFE03BFB015F7A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[1036,1177,320,342]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFBCFE03BFB015F7A" box="[1036,1177,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">T. granulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Thaler, 1975: but see figs 67F, 68C); minute AME; PME separated; posterior respiratory system with single median apodemal structure; triangular labium; two sperm-storage compartments per spermatheca; males with all eyes on tubercle; a basal paracymbium; a particular cymbial shape, flat and tapering, with a flat and blunt primary cymbial conductor with a particular half-circle shape; tegular conductor neither with a proximal groove nor associated with embolus, and with a surface covered with small ridges; and no switchbacks I and II on the spermatic duct. Although shared with a few other mysmenids, the following combination of features is unique for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFC5FE3B4FB945CCC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[924,1036,718,739]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFC5FE3B4FB945CCC" box="[924,1036,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: distinctly lighter ventral abdomen, with whitish extended coloration posteriorly; carapace height dimorphism (male carapace higher than female); anterior booklungs reduced; females with distal ventral sclerotized spot only on femur I, epigynal area elevated ventrally, accessory glands on vulva, and smooth uniform proximal copulatory ducts of increased diameter; males with sclerotized femoral spot on femur I; shorter, but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I; bifid embolus; tegular groove acting as conductor; and internal cymbial tarsal organ. The taxonomic history and previous diagnostic features for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFBD7E547FB125A7D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[1044,1162,1085,1106]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFBD7E547FB125A7D" box="[1044,1162,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have recently been reviewed by Brescovit & Lopardo (2008). Their proposed combination of features diagnostic for the genus is in agreement with those proposed in our study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |