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<mods:title id="CBE05AEDED645053F7F631A66FA93867">Taxonomy and phylogeny of Koinocystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) with the description of three new genera and twelve new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB605DFBE377B55FA7D" bold="true" box="[151,341,1385,1412]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Utelga heinckei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB6042CBE34780AFA7D" author="Attems, C. G." box="[356,522,1386,1412]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="219 - 232" refId="ref37221" refString="Attems, C. G. (1897) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der rhabdocoelen Turbellarien Helgolands. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen der Kommission Abteilung Kiel, 2 (1), 219 - 232." type="journal article" year="1897">Attems, 1897</bibRefCitation>
) 
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(
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<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB605DFBE887B8CFA09" bold="true" box="[151,396,1494,1520]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Known distribution.</emphasis>
Western coast of 
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, North Sea, Skagerrak, Irish Sea, Irish Atlantic coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB6004CBE887F9CFA09" author="Karling, T. G." box="[1284,1436,1494,1520]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="241 - 269" refId="ref38008" refString="Karling, T. G. (1980) Revision of Koinocystididae (Turbellaria). Zoologica Scripta, 9, 241 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1980. tb 00666. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Karling 1980</bibRefCitation>
and references therein). Skagerrak (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB6076CBEA47905F9ED" author="Willems, W. R. &amp; Sandberg, M. I. &amp; Jondelius, U." box="[548,773,1530,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref39787" refString="Willems, W. R., Sandberg, M. I. &amp; Jondelius, U. (2007) First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 1616 (1), 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1616.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">
Willems 
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB607C2BEA578C2F9ED" box="[650,706,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
2007
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). Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB606B9BEA47EC2F9ED" author="Reygel, P. C. &amp; Willems, W. R. &amp; Artois, T. J." box="[1009,1218,1530,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref39019" refString="Reygel, P. C., Willems, W. R. &amp; Artois, T. J. (2011) Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Galapagos, with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3096 (1), 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3096.1.3" type="journal article" year="2011">
Reygel 
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB60100BEA57E80F9ED" box="[1096,1152,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49EFE0F9FFEAFFB6019CBEA47F98F9ED" box="[1236,1432,1530,1556]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C6E8BFFEAFFB605DFBD407AEBF9C1" box="[151,235,1566,1592]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB605B1BD407865F9C1" author="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. &amp; Leander, B. S." box="[249,613,1566,1592]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="899 - 923" refId="ref39575" refString="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. &amp; Leander, B. S. (2018) Species diversity of eukalyptorhynch flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the coastal margin of British Columbia: Polycystididae, Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae. Marine Biology Research, 14 (9 - 10), 899 - 923. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2019.1575514" type="journal article" year="2018">Van Steenkiste &amp; Leander 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3317D90FFEAFFB6058FBD1C798CF915" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B942E1BFFEAFFB6058FBD1C798CF915" blockId="36.[151,1437,1494,2024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB6058FBD1C7805F9A5" bold="true" box="[199,517,1602,1628]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">New records and material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B432446FFEAFFB60744BD1C7961F914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068832306" collectingDate="2011-10-08" collectingDateMax="2017-06-21" collectingDateMin="2011-10-08" collectionCode="XIII" country="Cuba" county="Canary Islands" elevation="7" latitude="29.08348" location="Observations" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-13.449722" municipality="Lanzarote" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santiago de Cuba">
<location id="8EF478C0FFEAFFB60744BD1C78A0F9A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03829F0DFFEAFFB705DFBE377BDFFF2C:8EF478C0FFEAFFB60744BD1C78A0F9A5" box="[524,672,1602,1628]" country="Cuba" county="Canary Islands" latitude="29.08348" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-13.449722" municipality="Lanzarote" name="Observations" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santiago de Cuba">Observations</location>
on live specimens. 
<location id="8EF478C0FFEAFFB60636BD1C79ADF9A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03829F0DFFEAFFB705DFBE377BDFFF2C:8EF478C0FFEAFFB60636BD1C79ADF9A5" box="[894,941,1602,1628]" country="Cuba" county="Canary Islands" latitude="29.08348" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-13.449722" municipality="Lanzarote" name="One" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santiago de Cuba">One</location>
whole mount (HU 
<collectionCode id="ED3AB6DEFFEAFFB601C0BD1C7EBBF9A5" box="[1160,1211,1602,1628]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">XIII</collectionCode>
.4.31) from 
<location id="8EF478C0FFEAFFB60076BD1C7AD2F979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03829F0DFFEAFFB705DFBE377BDFFF2C:8EF478C0FFEAFFB60076BD1C7AD2F979" country="Cuba" county="Canary Islands" latitude="29.08348" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-13.449722" municipality="Lanzarote" name="Las Sardinas" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santiago de Cuba">Las Sardinas</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F48DCFFEAFFB605ABBD387B70F978" box="[227,368,1638,1665]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" precision="15" seconds="24" value="19.939999">19°56’24”N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F48DCFFEAFFB60434BD38780FF978" box="[380,527,1638,1665]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-76.77806">76°46’41”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingRegion id="49EFE0F9FFEAFFB6076CBD3878EEF979" box="[548,750,1638,1664]" country="Cuba" name="Santiago de Cuba" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Santiago de Cuba</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C6E8BFFEAFFB607B2BD387935F979" box="[762,821,1638,1664]" name="Cuba" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(
<date id="FF9508DBFFEAFFB6060DBD3879E8F979" box="[837,1000,1638,1664]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2017-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFD1F133FFEAFFB6060DBD3879E8F979" box="[837,1000,1638,1664]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2017-06-21">June 21, 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
), 
<collectedFrom id="38376DE6FFEAFFB606B5BD387F62F979" box="[1021,1378,1638,1664]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B5598FFEAFFB60168BD387F62F979" authorityName="W.R.Taylor" authorityYear="1928" box="[1056,1378,1638,1664]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Cladophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="macromeres">
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB60168BD387F62F979" box="[1056,1378,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Cladophoropsis macromeres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
covered by silt, 
<quantity id="4CD383FEFFEAFFB60469BDD47B61F95D" box="[289,353,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="0.7">
<elevation id="0006C928FFEAFFB60469BDD47B61F95D" box="[289,353,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="0.7">0.7 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep, salinity 32 ‰. One whole mount (HU 
<collectionCode id="ED3AB6DEFFEAFFB6061FBDD4798AF95D" box="[855,906,1674,1700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">XIII</collectionCode>
.4.32) and one serially-sectioned specimen (HU 
<collectionCode id="ED3AB6DEFFEAFFB605DFBDF07AC9F931" box="[151,201,1710,1736]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">XIII</collectionCode>
.4.33) from 
<location id="8EF478C0FFEAFFB60406BDF07B88F931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03829F0DFFEAFFB705DFBE377BDFFF2C:8EF478C0FFEAFFB60406BDF07B88F931" box="[334,392,1710,1736]" country="Cuba" county="Canary Islands" latitude="29.08348" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-13.449722" municipality="Lanzarote" name="Mala" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santiago de Cuba">Mala</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F48DCFFEAFFB604D0BDF0783AF930" box="[408,570,1710,1737]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" precision="1" seconds="0.53" value="29.08348">29°05’0.53”N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F48DCFFEAFFB6070EBDF078D8F930" box="[582,728,1710,1737]" degrees="13" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-13.449722">13°26’59”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF0B461FFEAFFB607A5BDF0795DF931" box="[749,861,1710,1736]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Lanzarote</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62F55697FFEAFFB60624BDF07E13F931" box="[876,1043,1710,1736]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Canary Islands</collectingCounty>
(
<date id="FF9508DBFFEAFFB6016ABDF07EDEF931" box="[1058,1246,1710,1736]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2011-10-08">
<collectingDate id="EFD1F133FFEAFFB6016ABDF07EDEF931" box="[1058,1246,1710,1736]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2011-10-08">October 8, 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
), medium coarse calcareous sand, from a very steep slope, 
<quantity id="4CD383FEFFEAFFB60721BD8C78A2F915" box="[617,674,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="48.0">
<elevation id="0006C928FFEAFFB60721BD8C78A2F915" box="[617,674,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="48.0">48 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep, salinity 35
</materialsCitation>
‰.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3317D90FFEAFFB7058FBDA87BDFFF2C" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B942E1BFFEAFFB6058FBDA878A0F859" blockId="36.[151,1437,1494,2024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEAFFB6058FBDA87B3BF8E9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1782,1808]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Remarks.</emphasis>
The morphology of our specimens corresponds with the description of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB6012FBDA87F12F8E9" author="Karling, T. G." box="[1127,1298,1782,1808]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="241 - 269" refId="ref38008" refString="Karling, T. G. (1980) Revision of Koinocystididae (Turbellaria). Zoologica Scripta, 9, 241 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1980. tb 00666. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Karling (1980)</bibRefCitation>
. Live specimens about 
<quantity id="4CD383FEFFEAFFB60457BC447B60F8CD" box="[287,352,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, unpigmented, with a pair of eyes. The proboscis is about 10% of the body length. It shows the typical koinocystidid construction (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB6073BBC607901F8A1" author="Brunet, M." box="[627,769,1854,1880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="157 - 174" refId="ref37355" refString="Brunet, M. (1972) Koinocystididae de la region de Marseille. Zoologica Scripta, 1, 157 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1972. tb 00673. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Brunet 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA53EAFFEAFFB60643BC6079A3F8A1" author="Karling, T. G." box="[779,931,1854,1880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="241 - 269" refId="ref38008" refString="Karling, T. G. (1980) Revision of Koinocystididae (Turbellaria). Zoologica Scripta, 9, 241 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1980. tb 00666. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Karling 1980</bibRefCitation>
), without a juncture sphincter. The pharynx is located in the first body half. The testes lie caudal to the pharynx and ventral to the vitellaria. Two elongated ovaries are situated at the level of the copulatory bulb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B942E1BFFEAFFB7058FBCF47BDFFF2C" blockId="36.[151,1437,1494,2024]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
Copulatory bulb surrounded by a sheath of strong circular muscles. At the distal end of the copulatory bulb three sclerotised hooks (
<figureCitation id="1310329EFFEAFFB604ECBC90782AF811" box="[420,554,1998,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,243,1069]" captionTargetId="figure-57@37.[151,1436,237,1069]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hooks in species of Utelga. A–C, Utelga heinckei. D–E, Utelga pseudoheinckei (specimen from Sardinia). A–B, specimen from Cuba. C, specimen from Lanzarote. All with proximal end toward top of figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4629301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4629301/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Fig. 20A–C</figureCitation>
) occur, which differ from each other in size. The largest hook is 13–14 μm long (n = 2) and 5–6 μm wide proximally (n = 2). The smaller hooks are 4–6 μm long (
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEBFFB70169BBC97E2EFF49" box="[1057,1070,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">x̄</emphasis>
= 5 μm; n = 4) and 2–4 μm wide proximally (
<emphasis id="B95FF209FFEBFFB7046ABBE57B2FFF2D" box="[290,303,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">x̄</emphasis>
= 3 μm; n = 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>