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<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.055.0106" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7649696" approvalRequired="28" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="23" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1676640209650" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Buhl, Peter Neerup" docDate="2014" docId="03823673D946FF8AFE4B0FC4FE70FD85" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.55.1.67-117.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 55 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.055.0106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D:AfrInvertebr.2001-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2001-2015.journal_article.0cover" docTitle="Synopeas watsoni Buhl 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="FFBB4E0BD968FFBAFFAE0A3BFFD7FFE5" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae from Togo (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="68" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1676641018412" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New species and new records of Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae from Togo (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buhl, Peter Neerup</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-03-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>55</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>68</mods:start>
<mods:end>68</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.055.0106</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.055.0106</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7649696</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03823673D946FF8AFE4B0FC4FE70FD85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03823673D946FF8AFE4B0FC4FE70FD85" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">
<subSubSection box="[485,762,1535,1562]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="46.[144,1103,1535,1673]" box="[485,762,1535,1562]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">
<heading box="[485,762,1535,1562]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="113" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Buhl, 2014" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2014" box="[485,696,1535,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,696,1535,1561]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">Synopeas watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[703,762,1536,1562]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="46" pageNumber="113" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="46.[144,1103,1535,1673]" box="[559,688,1575,1602]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">
<figureCitation box="[559,688,1575,1602]" captionStart="Figs 8588" captionStartId="48.[144,183,376,398]" captionTargetBox="[288,961,208,362]" captionTargetId="figure-496@48.[284,963,204,366]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figs 8588. Synopeas watsoni sp. n., female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">Figs 8588</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="46.[144,1103,1535,1673]" pageId="46" pageNumber="113">Etymology: Named in honour of the eminent South African biologist Lyall Watson (19392008).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1142,203,400]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis:A small species, with head uniformly isodiametrically reticulate-coriaceous; female A4A5 of equal length; A9 fully 1.5× as wide as long; notauli absent; scutellum in lateral view slightly below level of mesoscutum and only slightly pointed behind; fore wing 2.52.7× as long as wide; female metasoma shorter than mesosoma, 1.5× as long as wide and 1.4× as wide as high.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1142,203,400]" box="[181,321,374,400]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1149,416,1673]" box="[181,273,416,442]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis box="[181,273,416,442]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Female.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1149,416,1673]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">
Body length
<quantity box="[326,468,458,484]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.70.8 mm</quantity>
. Black, A1A6 and legs light brownish, coxae, last segment of tarsi and sometimes apical 0.4 of hind tibiae slightly darker; A7A10, mandibles and tegulae dark brown. Head from above (
<figureCitation box="[610,690,522,549]" captionStart="Figs 8588" captionStartId="48.[144,183,376,398]" captionTargetBox="[288,961,208,362]" captionTargetId="figure-496@48.[284,963,204,366]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figs 8588. Synopeas watsoni sp. n., female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
) 1.81.9× as wide as long, 1.15× as wide as mesosoma, dull, distinctly and uniformly reticulate-coriaceous (not transversely so); hyperoccipital carina distinct and complete. OOL equal to diameter of lateral ocellus; LOL= 3 OOL. Head in frontal view 1.15× as wide as high. Antenna (
<figureCitation box="[955,1037,619,646]" captionStart="Figs 8588" captionStartId="48.[144,183,376,398]" captionTargetBox="[288,961,208,362]" captionTargetId="figure-496@48.[284,963,204,366]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figs 8588. Synopeas watsoni sp. n., female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
) with A1 0.75× as long as height of head, 1.01.1× as long as distance between inner orbits; A9 about 1.55× as wide as long. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide, 1.15× as high as wide. Sides of pronotum reticulate-coriaceous, smooth in lower half and along wide hind margin. Mesoscutum evenly and moderately densely setose, finely and uniformly reticulatecoriaceous, without notauli; hind margin medially slightly pointed to base of scutellum, at each side with 56 long setae over scuto-scutellar grooves. Mesopleuron smooth. Scutellum (
<figureCitation box="[310,391,844,871]" captionStart="Figs 8588" captionStartId="48.[144,183,376,398]" captionTargetBox="[288,961,208,362]" captionTargetId="figure-496@48.[284,963,204,366]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figs 8588. Synopeas watsoni sp. n., female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
) sculptured much as mesoscutum but more densely setose, slightly pointed behind but without a distinct tooth, dark brown here as are propodeal carinae, these being high and fused. Metapleuron with whitish pilosity all over (sparse in anterior 0.4). Fore wing clear, 2.52.7× as long as wide, 0.9× as long as entire body, surpassing tip of metasoma by a distance equal to length of T2, with fine and dense microtrichia; marginal cilia absent. Hind wing 6.8× as long as wide; marginal cilia slightly less than half the width of wing. Metasoma (
<figureCitation box="[570,650,1038,1064]" captionStart="Figs 8588" captionStartId="48.[144,183,376,398]" captionTargetBox="[288,961,208,362]" captionTargetId="figure-496@48.[284,963,204,366]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figs 8588. Synopeas watsoni sp. n., female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
) hardly 0.9× as long as mesosoma, and 0.9× as wide, 1.4× as wide as high. T2 with a weak, medial longitudinal depression between the two tufts of pubescence, otherwise smooth. T3T6 with reticulate microsculpture and a few inconspicuous setae inserted in shallow punctures (eight on each of T5T6, fewer on T3T4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1149,416,1673]" box="[181,246,1209,1235]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis box="[181,239,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">Male</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1149,416,1673]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">
Body length
<quantity box="[319,417,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
.Antenna with A4 inconspicuously widened towards apex; A7A10 forming a clava, A8A9 each about 1.2× as wide as long; flagellar pubescence only slightly more conspicuous than in female. Metasoma 0.80.9× as long as mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1149,416,1673]" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">
Comparison: This species does not fit well into Buhls (2011
<emphasis box="[866,880,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">b</emphasis>
) key. It is most similar to
<taxonomicName authority="Buhl, 2011" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2011" box="[211,455,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fibigeri">
<emphasis box="[211,321,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. fibigeri</emphasis>
Buhl, 2011
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2011" box="[510,620,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fibigeri">
<emphasis box="[510,620,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. fibigeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has meshes on occiput slightly transverse and more distinct than on rest of head, which in frontal view is 1.25× as wide as high. Moreover,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2011" box="[304,413,1453,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fibigeri">
<emphasis box="[304,413,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. fibigeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slightly longer OOL and slightly more elongate flagellar segments than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2014" box="[314,430,1486,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
<emphasis box="[314,430,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more extensive sculptured sides of pronotum, notauli evident posteriorly, scutellum at level of mesoscutum and having a stronger tooth, propodeal carinae slightly separated, fore wing only 2.35× as long as wide, longer than body, pubescence at base of metasoma hardly 0.25× as long as T1T2 combined (in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2014" box="[1027,1141,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
<emphasis box="[1027,1141,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fully one-third of the length of T1T2 combined), and it is lighter in colour than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">S. watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cf. also Buhl (2011
<emphasis box="[502,516,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="114">a</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7649789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649789/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" startId="48.[144,183,376,398]" targetBox="[288,961,208,362]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,376,423]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">
Figs 8588.
<taxonomicName authority="Buhl, 2014" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2014" box="[261,424,377,398]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[261,424,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Synopeas watsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[430,482,377,398]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female: (85) head in dorsal view; (86) antenna; (87) scutellum and propodeal carinae in lateral view; (88) metasoma in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1105,458,608]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-04-15" collectorName="M. von Tschirnhaus." country="Togo" latitude="7.2647223" location="Tomezuitoe" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.7975" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Plateaux" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[144,232,458,480]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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<collectingCountry box="[265,331,458,479]" name="Togo" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">TOGO</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion box="[341,530,458,480]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
, main road
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, at creek
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03823673D946FF8AFE4B0FC4FE70FD85:8EF4D1BED958FF8AFC4B0BF1FB87FE05" box="[997,1104,458,480]" country="Togo" latitude="7.2647223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.7975" name="Tomezuitoe" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" stateProvince="Plateaux">Tomezuitoe</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[150,258,482,504]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" precision="15" seconds="53" value="7.2647223">07°15'53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[266,373,483,505]" degrees="00" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" precision="15" seconds="51" value="0.7975">00°47'51&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date box="[391,489,482,504]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" value="2008-04-15">
<collectingDate box="[391,489,482,504]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" value="2008-04-15">
15.iv.
<quantity box="[438,489,482,504]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0083599999999997" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="2008360.0">2008</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 360 m, creek bank at teak forest (
<taxonomicName box="[820,968,482,504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Tectona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis box="[820,968,482,504]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Tectona grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shady cocoa plantation, swept,
<collectorName box="[310,497,506,528]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">M. von Tschirnhaus.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1105,458,608]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-04-14" collectorName="de Danyi &amp; M. von Tschirnhaus" latitude="7.1644444" location="Atigba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.6925" municipality="Plateau de Danyi" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Plateaux" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[144,235,539,560]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount box="[242,270,538,559]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[274,302,538,559]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<collectingRegion box="[306,490,538,560]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[497,650,538,560]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">
Plateau
<collectorName box="[567,650,538,560]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">de Danyi</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03823673D946FF8AFE4B0FC4FE70FD85:8EF4D1BED958FF8AFD150821FD2FFDD5" box="[699,760,538,560]" latitude="7.1644444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="0.6925" municipality="Plateau de Danyi" name="Atigba" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" stateProvince="Plateaux">Atigba</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[771,879,538,560]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" precision="15" seconds="52" value="7.1644444">07°09'52&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[883,989,538,560]" degrees="00" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" precision="15" seconds="33" value="0.6925">00°41'33&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date box="[1003,1100,538,560]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" value="2008-04-14">
<collectingDate box="[1003,1100,538,560]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" value="2008-04-14">
14.iv.
<quantity box="[1050,1100,538,560]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.008775" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="2008775.0">2008</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 775 m, remains of secondary rainforest, underwood, forest plantation, road side with much
<taxonomicName authority="Burm. F." authorityName="Burm. F." class="Branchiopoda" genus="Sida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="48" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis box="[948,1042,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">Sida acuta</emphasis>
Burm. F.
</taxonomicName>
, swept,
<collectorName box="[236,418,586,608]" pageId="48" pageNumber="115">M. von Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>