182 lines
19 KiB
XML
182 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="DFD5220DF1AC0D1F3CBAF7E020F9A1AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="68513" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6625539" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a6d8930-783d-44bc-a461-7a9aaefaeff3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625539" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654714721633" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03822308B76EFFD0FF6BFB07F8A1F099" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Leporidae_0062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lepus sinensis Gray 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FFBB5B70B747FFF9FFABFFBBFFCBF65E" masterDocTitle="Leporidae" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1699339205497" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="17B8B76B883E3FCFF60C14F613DFC53C">
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<mods:title id="4C7A1DD356D0A425A59B1B2FED5EB92F">Leporidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F446BC839CB5D9DA4904F438D74D6D7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="404FCAA58B50258FE7FA19210C8149BA">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="AECC12443CE706ACAC3CDC1FDE09058C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D7D23EFDECEF2A8477C6E268422259E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8F4555729D95FBB27999766EAD11A916">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AD4A97B774566137CCE4CD2B3ED177F6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="25B8D5CA91D1C341F92D6013CDF9A73F">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5C6C9C17532C38BD285F3571B27876FF" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="4BBFD381C76B5B023ACA19E14C6C0CE4">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="020041A12AA1DB3AFDF3CF965090B826">
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<mods:placeTerm id="DCE3237A68D37D271C5E497532098463">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="2C8C24A593744B5C65BF8E7140D7A043">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03822308B76EFFD0FF6BFB07F8A1F099" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625498" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195832027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03822308B76EFFD0FF6BFB07F8A1F099" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03822308B76EFFD0FF6BFB07F8A1F099" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FF6BFB07FF32F2B4" box="[192,249,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FF6BFB07FF32F2B4" blockId="41.[189,943,1212,1299]" box="[192,249,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B76EFFD0FF6BFB07FF32F2B4" box="[192,249,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<figureCitation id="13108E9BB76EFFD0FF6BFB07FF32F2B4" box="[192,249,1212,1258]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="32.[101,131,3379,3400]" captionTargetBox="[12,2742,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="On following pages: 51. Tehuantepec Jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis); 52. Iberian Hare (Lepus granatensis); 53. European Hare (Lepus europaeus); 54. Broom Hare (Lepus castroviejoi); 55. Corsican Hare (Lepus corsicanus); 56. White-tailed Jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii); 57. Arctic Hare (Lepus arcticus); 58. Alaskan Hare (Lepus othus); 59. Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus); 60. Japanese Hare (Lepus brachyurus); 61. Manchurian Hare (Lepus mandshuricus); 62. Korean Hare Lepus coreanus); 63. Chinese Hare (Lepus sinensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625810/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">63.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FEA0FB07FDECF2B4" box="[267,551,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FEA0FB07FDECF2B4" blockId="41.[189,943,1212,1299]" box="[267,551,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B76EFFD0FEA0FB07FDECF2B4" box="[267,551,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B76EFFD0FEA0FB07FDECF2B4" box="[267,551,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Chinese Hare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FDF7FB07FCA1F2B4" box="[604,874,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FDF7FB07FCA1F2B4" blockId="41.[189,943,1212,1299]" box="[604,874,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B76EFFD0FDF7FB07FCA1F2B4" box="[604,874,1212,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FDF7FB07FCA1F2B4" ID-CoL="6PQ26" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[604,874,1212,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FDF7FB07FCA1F2B4" box="[604,874,1212,1258]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Lepus sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FF15FB47FC66F34F" box="[190,941,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FF15FB47FC66F34F" blockId="41.[189,943,1212,1299]" box="[190,941,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B76EFFD0FF15FB47FC66F34F" box="[190,941,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FF15FB47FEC1F34F" bold="true" box="[190,266,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B76EFFD0FEBFFB47FE64F34F" box="[276,431,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Lievre de Chine</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FE6FFB47FDD5F34F" bold="true" box="[452,542,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B76EFFD0FD8CFB47FD5CF34F" box="[551,663,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">China-Hase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FD06FB47FCC3F34F" bold="true" box="[685,776,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B76EFFD0FCB8FB47FC66F34F" box="[787,941,1276,1297]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Liebre de China</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FF15FAFBFD07F33F" box="[190,716,1344,1377]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FF15FAFBFD07F33F" blockId="41.[187,1394,1344,1739]" box="[190,716,1344,1377]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FF15FAFBFE92F33F" bold="true" box="[190,345,1344,1377]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FEC3FAFBFD03F33F" ID-CoL="6PQ26" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[360,712,1344,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinensis">Lepus sinensis Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FD77FAFBFAF2F3D6" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FD77FAFBFAF2F3D6" blockId="41.[187,1394,1344,1739]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<materialsCitation id="3B439843B76EFFD0FD77FAFBFAF2F3D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3866280301" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">“China.” Restricted by G. M. Allen in 1938 to “more orless in the region of Canton,” Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FF15FA35FB6BF09C" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FF15FA35FB6BF09C" blockId="41.[187,1394,1344,1739]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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It has been placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FDDEFA35FCCAF3F1" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1845" box="[629,769,1422,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Caprolagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caprolagus</taxonomicName>
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and allied with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FC77FA35FBB2F3F1" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1870" box="[988,1145,1422,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hainanus">L. hainanus</taxonomicName>
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and L. brachywrus. Formerly, L. sinensisincluded
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FDFCFA0DFD2CF389" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[599,743,1462,1495]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coreanus">L. coreanus</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies. All these relationships have not been supported by genetic analysis. As taxonomists are still trying to clarify the species differentiation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0FE19F9BFFE36F07B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[434,509,1540,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepus</taxonomicName>
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, the subspecific taxonomy is not elaborated yet. The original descriptions of the subspecies are often not very helpful as they are mostly based on a few exterior characteristics and on a small numbers of individuals. It has been shown that the variability is clinal in more careful investigations. Hence, the distinction in subspecies might be arbitrary and unreasonable. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0F789FEA6F5C3F40C" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF54C296B76EFFD0F789FEA6F5C3F40C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625689/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" targetBox="[1466,2056,295,707]" targetPageId="41">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F789FEA6F679F760" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" box="[2082,2482,285,318]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0F789FEA6F679F760" bold="true" box="[2082,2482,285,318]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F788FEF1F729F7D3" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0F788FEF1F729F7D3" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sinensis" subSpecies="sinensis">L.s.sinensisGray,1832—SEChinaSoftheYangtzeRiver.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F788FE2FF5E0F7EB" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" box="[2083,2603,404,437]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0F788FE2FF5E0F7EB" authority="Thomas, 1908" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[2083,2603,404,437]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sinensis" subSpecies="formosus">L.s.formosusThomas,1908—Taiwan.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F788FE04F5A4F782" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB76EFFD0F788FE04F613F782" authority="(yuenshanensis China). Shih, 1930" authorityName="( yuenshanensis China ). Shih" authorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sinensis" subSpecies="province">L. s. Province (yuenshanensis China). Shih, 1930</taxonomicName>
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— Hunan
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F78AFDB5F5C3F40C" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Taxonomic status of the Chinese Hare in NE Vietnam has to be determined.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0F78AFDE3F6A3F53A" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0F78AFDE3F5A6F499" blockId="41.[2080,2672,285,711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0F78AFDE3F6F3F427" bold="true" box="[2081,2360,600,633]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 350-450 mm, tail 40-57 mm, ear 60-80 mm, hindfoot 81-111 mm; weight 1.1-9 kg.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA17FD69F6A3F53A" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">The Chinese Hare is small, with short ears and short, straight, and coarse hair. Its general appearance is rather uniform butrich in color. Dorsal, head, and chest furis chestnut and rufous. Ventral pelage is paler, and tail is brown. Ears have black triangular tips. Pelage color varies seasonally, with yellowish tone in winter.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA10FCD7F7F7F584" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA10FCD7F7F7F584" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA10FCD7F9E1F5D3" bold="true" box="[1467,1578,876,909]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Edges of grassland habitats and scrubby vegetation in hills but not in rice fields. In Taiwan, Chinese Hares are a minor pest of forestry, and they occur in bamboo habitats up to elevations of 4000-5000 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA10FC59F988F276" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA10FC59F988F276" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA10FC59F974F25D" bold="true" box="[1467,1727,994,1027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the Chinese Hare consists ofleafy vegetation, green shoots, and twigs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA11FB8EF5C7F227" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA11FB8EF5C7F227" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA11FB8EF98BF20C" bold="true" box="[1466,1600,1077,1106]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive season of the Chinese Hare occurs in April-August. Females give birth in burrows. Young are precocial, and littersize averages three young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA13FB3BF9E1F298" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA13FB3BF9E1F298" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
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||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA13FB3BF97CF2FF" bold="true" box="[1464,1719,1152,1185]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Chinese Hare is nocturnal but can also be active during the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA11FB74F649F348" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA11FB74F649F348" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA11FB74F740F2AE" bold="true" box="[1466,2187,1231,1264]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Chinese Hares use burrows made by other animals, and they piles fecal pellets outside entrances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA11FAA6F80CF00E" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA11FAA6F80CF00E" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA11FAA6F8D2F360" bold="true" box="[1466,1817,1309,1342]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Chinese Hare is also listed as least concern on the Chinese Red List. It is widespread and occurs in protected areas; however, more data are needed to determine population status and current distribution. It is hunted locally for subsistence and sold in markets. Increasing agriculture may isolate populations of Chinese Hares. Populations in Vietnam are thought to be very small, with last confirmed records from the 1990s. Recent surveys did not find Chinese Hares in Vietnam. Major threats to Chinese Hares in Vietnam are habitat loss and hunting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B76EFFD0FA12F9DAF8A1F099" pageId="41" pageNumber="148" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB76EFFD0FA12F9DAF8A1F099" blockId="41.[1463,2672,722,1735]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB76EFFD0FA12F9DAF99AF024" bold="true" box="[1465,1617,1633,1658]" pageId="41" pageNumber="148">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1938), Angermann (2016), Corbet (1978), Dao Van Tien (1978), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Flux & Angermann (1990), Hoffmann & Smith (2005), Lissovsky (2016), Smith (2008c), Smith & Johnston (20080), Wu Chunhua et al. (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |