521 lines
51 KiB
XML
521 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.12880" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae1829a1-675f-43f5-93de-2c0feac9be39" ID-PMC="PMC5704098" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-691-101" ID-PubMed="29187784" ID-ZBK="DE84C5D3A257414E849D70B5838799B0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-691-101" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 691" ModsDocTitle="To be or not to be a subspecies: description of Saperdapopulnealapponica ssp. n. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) developing in downy willow (Salixlapponum L.)" checkinTime="1503007197564" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wallin, Henrik, Kvamme, Torstein & Bergsten, Johannes" docDate="2017" docId="034919F42C71960265A9326F2957EB1D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 691: 101-148" docOrigin="ZooKeys 691" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.12880" docTitle="Saperda populnea subsp. lapponica Wallin, Kvamme & Bergsten, 2017, ssp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="85C74E08-E401-48AA-8463-FF5AFC1D9835" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="2C34FFD9FFE156742F62405F5640D82C" masterDocTitle="To be or not to be a subspecies: description of Saperdapopulnealapponica ssp. n. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) developing in downy willow (Salixlapponum L.)" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1668164694507" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>To be or not to be a subspecies: description of Saperdapopulnealapponica ssp. n. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) developing in downy willow (Salixlapponum L.)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wallin, Henrik</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kvamme, Torstein</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>691</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>148</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.12880</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.12880</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-691-101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">DE84C5D3A257414E849D70B5838799B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DE84C5D3A257414E849D70B5838799B0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132785469" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85C74E08-E401-48AA-8463-FF5AFC1D9835" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/034919F42C71960265A9326F2957EB1D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/85C74E08-E401-48AA-8463-FF5AFC1D9835" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="115">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
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, 8b, 9b, 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
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, f,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–j">i-j</normalizedToken>
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, l, n,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="p–q">p-q</normalizedToken>
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, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
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, 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 13
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="116" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
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Holotype: ♂ NHRS (id NHRS-JLKB0000027179), BL 11.0mm, BW 3.0mm, from Sweden, Lappland, Lule lappmark, 2 km SE Kiruna, elev. 500 m,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="”Aptasvaara”">"Aptasvaara"</normalizedToken>
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, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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2014-07-09 (emerged 2015-02), leg. H. Wallin. Paratypes: Sweden: 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, same data as holotype, NHRS; 1 ♀ BL 10.0 mm, same data as holotype, CHW; 1 ♀ BL 9.5 mm and 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, same data as holotype, CHW; 1 ♀ BL 11.5 mm and 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm, Sweden, Lappland,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="117" start="start">Lule</pageBreakToken>
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lappmark, 20 km NW Kiruna,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="”Gallugas”">"Gallugas"</normalizedToken>
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, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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2015-06-11 (emerged 2015-06-24), leg. H. Wallin, CHW; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 9.5 mm and 1 ♀ BL 11.7 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jämtland">Jaemtland</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ånn">Ann</normalizedToken>
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(5 km W.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tångböle">Tangboele</normalizedToken>
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),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Åre">Are</normalizedToken>
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, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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2016-09-12/13 (emerged 2017-01), leg. H. Wallin, CHW. 1 ♂ BL 12.0 mm, Lappland, Lule lappmark, Messaure, 1971-07-14/21, window trap, leg. T.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mûller">Muller</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm, Lappland, Lule lappmark, Litnok, 1967-07-21, leg. S. Lundberg, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Sappisatsi, N. Vittangi, 1966-07-04, leg. S. Lundberg, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Soppero, 1968-06-15, ex larva reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg. S. Lundberg, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm and 1 ♀ BL 10.5 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Soppero, 1980-06-30, leg. S. Lundberg, NHRS; 2 ♂♂ BL 10.0 mm and 1 ♀ BL 9.5 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Siltimuotka, Soppero, 1948-06-28, leg. N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Höglund">Hoeglund</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 11.5 mm, Lappland,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Åsele">Asele</normalizedToken>
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lappmark,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kittelfjäll">Kittelfjaell</normalizedToken>
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, 1972-06-28, leg. T-E. Leiler, NHRS; 1 ♀ BL 11.2 mm and 1 ♀ BL 10.5 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Kiruna, ex larva from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg., E.v. Mentzer, CBE; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jämtland">Jaemtland</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tångböle">Tangboele</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Åre">Are</normalizedToken>
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, 1964-07-07 (locality J23 in a survey), leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Waldén">Walden</normalizedToken>
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, Enckell & Hagberg, NMG; 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm and 1 ♀ BL 13.0 mm, Lappland, Torne lappmark, Kiruna, Aptasvaara, 1976-07-10, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg., C. Eliasson, GNM; 1 ♂ BL 10.3 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm and 1 ♀ BL 12.4 mm, Lappland, Lycksele lappmark,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tärnaby">Taernaby</normalizedToken>
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, Juksjaur, 2013-06-30, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg. R. Petterson, CRP; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jämtland">Jaemtland</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Järvsand">Jaervsand</normalizedToken>
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, 1986-06-19, leg. R. Petterson, CRP; 1 ♀ BL 12.0 mm, labelled
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Zetterstedt”">"Zetterstedt"</normalizedToken>
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, ex coll. Gyllenhal, UUZM; 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, labelled
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Zetterstedt”">"Zetterstedt"</normalizedToken>
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, ex coll. Gyllenhal, UUZM; 1 ♀ BL 10.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 8.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.2 mm, 1 ♂ BL 9.0 mm, Dalarna, Idre, 2014-06-26, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Å">A</normalizedToken>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lindelöw">Lindeloew</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CÅL">CAL</normalizedToken>
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; 1 ♀ BL 12.0 mm, 1 ♀ BL 11.3 mm, 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, 2 ♂♂ BL 10.0 mm, 2 ♂♂ BL 10.5 mm Lappland, Lule lappmark, 2 km SE Kiruna, elev. 500 m,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="”Aptasvaara”">"Aptasvaara"</normalizedToken>
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, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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2014-07-09, leg. H. Wallin, CHW; 1 ♀ BL 12.0 mm, 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 9.5 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, Lappland, Lule lappmark, 2 km SE Kiruna, elev. 500 m,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="”Aptasvaara”">"Aptasvaara"</normalizedToken>
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, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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2014-07-09 (emerged 2015-02), leg. H. Wallin, CHW; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Härjedalen">Haerjedalen</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lövhögen">Loevhoegen</normalizedToken>
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, 1946-07-02, leg. N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Höglund">Hoeglund</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS-COLE 00007432; 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, Torne lappmark, Silkimuotka, 1948-06-28, leg. N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Höglund">Hoeglund</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS-COLE 00007433; 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, Torne lappmark, Silkimuotka, 1948-06-28, leg. N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Höglund">Hoeglund</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS-COLE 00007438; 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, Torne lappmark, Silkimuotka, 1948-06-28, leg. N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Höglund">Hoeglund</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS-COLE 00007436; 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, Lp. in., ex coll. Boheman, NHRS; 1 ♀ BL 11.2 mm, Lp. in., ex coll.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönherr">Schoenherr</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS; 1 ♀ BL 12.0 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jämtland">Jaemtland</normalizedToken>
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, ex coll. Rudolphi, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 10.2 mm, Lp. i. S.U., NHRS. Norway: 1 ♂ BL 11.4 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.9 mm, 1 ♂ BL 9.9 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.1 mm, 1 ♀ BL 12.7 mm, 1 ♀ BL 13.5 mm HEN, Trysil:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Skjærkjølen">Skjaerkjolen</normalizedToken>
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(EIS 65) 61°21'44.5"N, 12°40'06.3"E, 2014-VI-31, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, Leg. T. Kvamme CTK; 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, BV,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ål">Al</normalizedToken>
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: Vatsfjorden, 2006-07-17, leg. O. J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lønnve">Lonnve</normalizedToken>
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, NHMO; 1 ♀ BL 12.5 mm, HEN, Trysil:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tangåtjønna">Tangatjonna</normalizedToken>
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, 2011-06-25, leg. P.K.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Solevåg">Solevag</normalizedToken>
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, CPKS; 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm, OS, Nordre Land: Synfjellet, 1897-07-20/21, NIBIO; 1 ♀
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="118" start="start">BL</pageBreakToken>
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11.5 mm, HEN, Trysil:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
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, 2014-06-25,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Å">A</normalizedToken>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lindelöw">Lindeloew</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CÅL">CAL</normalizedToken>
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; 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm and 1 ♂ BL 11.5 mm HEN,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåret">Skaret</normalizedToken>
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, RT90 6826517/1324435, 2014-06-25,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Å">A</normalizedToken>
|
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lindelöw">Lindeloew</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CÅL">CAL</normalizedToken>
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; 2 ♀♀ BL 12.5 mm, 1 ♀ BL 12.0 mm, 2 ♀♀ BL 13.0 mm, 1 ♀ BL 11.0 mm, 6 ♂♂ BL 11.0 mm, 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm, 2 ♂♂ BL 10.0 mm, HEN, 5km NE
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Østby">Ostby</normalizedToken>
|
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
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), 2014-05-31, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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(emerged 2014-06-12), leg. H. Wallin, CHW; 2 ♀♀ BL 13.0 mm and 1 ♂ BL 11.0 mm, HEN, 5km SE Trysil, 2014-05-31, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
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(emerged 2014-06-08), leg. H. Wallin, CHW. Finland: 2 ♂♂ BL 10.0 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Enontekiö">Enontekioe</normalizedToken>
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, 1951-08-26, leg. Hellman, MZH; 1 ♀ BL 10.3 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Enontekiö">Enontekioe</normalizedToken>
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, 1951-08-26, leg. Hellman, NHRS; 1 ♂ BL 10.5 mm,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kemijärvi">Kemijaervi</normalizedToken>
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, 1936-06-22, leg. Krogerus, MZH; 1 ♀ BL 12.4 mm, Finland, ex coll.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schönherr">Schoenherr</normalizedToken>
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, NHRS no. 8146 E94. Russia: 1 ♂ BL 10.0 mm, BWBL 2.5 mm, Central Russia (Russia Merid.), leg. Zarisin, ex coll. C. Nyberg, MZH: 1 ♂ BL 8.7 mm, Central Russia (Russia Merid.), ex coll. Duske, MZH; 1 ♂ BL 10.6 mm, Petsamo (Petjenga), leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
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(id 716), MZH.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
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Figure 8. Habitus (lateral view). a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaus, 1758), Stockholm, Nacka (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Södermanland">Soedermanland</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Sweden (photo: Karsten Sund) b
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Kiruna (Lappland), Sweden (photo: Karsten Sund).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="118">The following specimens collected in Finland and available (through Boldsystems Public Data Portal) for photo examination includes: 1 ♀ COLFA181-10, Lapland, Inari, 1980-07-11, leg. Erkki Laasonen, id MP00443, ZMUO; 1 ♂ COLFA187-10, Lapland, Inari, 1993-08-26, leg. Juhani Itaemies, id MP00449, ZMUO.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
A relatively small to medium-sized and subcylindrical subspecies with body length 9.5-13.0 mm in females and 8.0-12.0 mm in males, according to measurements from the present study. Body 3.1 times longer than wide in females and 3.4 times longer than wide in males (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Integument black, the compressed pubescence is yellowish to whitish (most northern populations) (Figs 6c, f) to reduced orange-brown pubescence (southern populations) (Fig. 6b, e). Elytra with numerous long erected dark brown hairs. The pubescence in the southern populations is relatively dense in both sexes. The yellowish to whitish pubescence in the northernmost populations (above the Arctic Circle) is strongly reduced resulting in exposed and shining integument in both sexes. The orange-brown pubescence is present but weakly extended laterally in females from southern populations and the yellowish to whitish pubescence in females from northern populations very weak laterally (Fig. 8b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Head in females. Frons convex and broader than long (about 5 times broader than the width of one eye lobe), eyes with lower eye lobes slightly longer than broad and as long as gena below it. Genae posteriorly with long fringes of yellowish or whitish hairs and genae evenly narrowing towards mouthparts resulting in head being more
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rounded”">"rounded"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 9b). Frons weakly covered with yellowish to whitish pubescence, and numerous dark brown, long and erected hairs. The area between antennal segments is shallowly impressed. Frons densely covered with orange-brown pubescence and numerous dark brown, long erect hairs. Genae posteriorly with long fringes of orange-brown hairs. Head in males: Frons convex and broader than long (about 4 times broader than the width of one eye lobe), eyes with lower eye lobes longer than broad and about 3 times longer than the short gena below. Head with frons rounded, genae straight and acutely narrowing towards mouthparts, frons weakly covered with whitish or orange-
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="119" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pubescence and numerous dark brown, long and erected hairs. Genae posteriorly with long fringes of orange-brown hairs. The area between antennal segments is shallowly impressed. Mouthparts. Frontoclypeal margin has a fringe of relatively long whitish pubescence and long, brown, suberect hairs. Clypeus glabrous except at base. Labrum with appressed, whitish pubescence and numerous long, suberect, orange-brown setae. Antennae. Short, slender, at the most extending beyond the middle of elytra by 2-3 antennomeres in females (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
). In males, the antennae reach by 3-4 antennomeres past the middle; thus, antennae are always shorter than body in males (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The segments from third segment are annulate. Annulation on antennal segments greyish and covering about
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the anterior part of each antennal segment. The subconical, third segment is longer than first and fourth. Scape slender and coarsely punctured with a combination of large and small, shallow punctures and long black hairs. Thorax. Pronotum subcylindrical, slightly broader than long, lacking lateral spines. Pronotal disk convex, weak median line often with a glabrous and shining area medially, base shallowly impressed, coarse punctures except medially, densely covered with long erect and brown hairs, two broad lateral yellowish stripes with a weak median line interrupted medially. Prosternum densely pubescent with yellowish and whitish hairs. Elytra. 2.6-3.0 times longer than broad in females and 2.7-3.1 times longer than broad in males. No distinct carinae present on elytra. Parallel and weakly narrowing towards apices, apices narrowing and rounded, punctures coarse, deep, contiguous towards humeri and apices and confluent medially (especially in males where
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="120" start="start">confluent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
punctures form short and weakly raised ridges transversally on each elytron), pubescence relatively weak to dense. There are generally eight relatively distinct and small to relatively large, yellowish to whitish spots on elytra, arranged in pairs: the first and third near the suture, spots in the third pair often elongated transversally or even divided into two spots each, spots in the fourth pair elongated transversally and placed on the middle of elytra in females (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Females from northern populations have irregular spots of yellowish to whitish pubescence between the third and fourth pair of spots and towards apices. No missing spots were seen in any of the examined specimens, but a few old worn specimens had very small i.e. obsolete spots on the elytra. The remaining part of elytra is covered with scattered yellowish or whitish pubescence and numerous long brown hairs. Scutellum.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“U-shaped”">"U-shaped"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and weakly covered with whitish hairs (southern populations) or entire scutellum glabrous (most northern populations). Hind wing. About 11.0 mm long in females and 9.0 mm long in males (Fig. 11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Covered with weak smoky tint. Several veins are broken with apical portions not connected to basal portions. MP3 (rudimentary), MP4 and AA vein broken. Radial cell very strong and complete. Legs. Relatively short, densely covered with fine whitish pubescent including tarsi, tarsal claws lacking a process. Venter. Densely covered with whitish to yellowish pubescence in both sexes, prosternal process narrow and flattened anteriorly. Mesosternum and abdominal ventrites are densely covered with yellowish or whitish pubescence and numerous yellowish and long, erected hairs. Posterior margin of sternite VII rounded and often deeply notched on medially. Male terminalia. Aedeagus 2.0-2.3 mm long, evenly curved towards apex and compressed dorso-ventrally (Fig. 10f), dorsal surface smooth and shining with apical part weakly narrowed towards apex (Fig. 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Tegmen with parameres 2.1-2.5 mm longer and straight dorso-ventrally (Fig. 10l). Parameres acutely narrowing towards apex, with dorsal surface glabrous and shining, or (rarely) with entire surface densely covered with punctures and suberected setae. The inner margins well-separated and diverging towards apices (Figs 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–j">i-j</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Tergite VIII 0.6-1.0 mm long, relatively large and rounded with the posterior margin concave in the middle and densely covered with white pubescence and numerous long brown hairs (Fig. 10p-q). Sclerites inside internal sac 1.7-2.1 mm long consisting of three parallel
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shaft-like”">"shaft-like"</normalizedToken>
|
||
structures, of which the apical end (top) is elongated and posterior end blunt and acutely narrowing towards posterior end (Fig. 10n). The colour of male genitalia is yellowish to dark brown. Female terminalia. Tignum almost straight, 6.5-8.2 mm long (width 0.1-0.2 mm at the widest point apically). Tergite VIII posterior margin (width: 1.0 mm) with a few brown hairs. The colour is brown. Spermathecal capsule: strongly sclerotised, yellowish, round and supplied with a short shaft, diameter: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Figure 9. Frons. a ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), Knutby (Uppland), Sweden b ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Kiruna (Lappland), Sweden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
|
||
morphological characteristics are mainly based on type specimens, either collected on, or reared from branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. is separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the overall smaller body size, shorter antennae in both sexes, reduced pubescence on thorax and elytra, mainly yellowish to whitish pubescence, reduced or absent pubescence on scutellum and short frons in females which is giving the appearance of a rounded head (Fig. 8b). The characters
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="121" start="start">presented</pageBreakToken>
|
||
herein are mainly based on newly hatched and fully sclerotised specimens. Small, dark and less pubescent specimens are easily recognized in collections in Fennoscandia and were in most cases, found to belong to the new subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. There are variations in the body size and colour pattern on elytra between the various populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. The slightly larger specimens occurring in the southern populations near Trysil, Norway, have more distinct spots on elytra. The darker and smaller specimens from the northern populations, occurring in the northern Scandinavian mountain range near e. g Kiruna, also have intermediate forms occurring e.g. in Juksjaur near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tärnaby">Taernaby</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The darker and slightly smaller specimens have more reduced spots on elytra. No such geographical variation in body size and colour pattern has been found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Fennoscandia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
Figure 10. Aedeagi (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral view), parameres with median lobes (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="g–j">g-j</normalizedToken>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="k–l">k-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral view), sclerite inside internal sac (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="m–n">m-n</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and tergite VIII in males (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="o–q">o-q</normalizedToken>
|
||
). a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), Joensuu, Finland b
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Umeå">Umea</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Sweden c
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Norway d Soppero (Lappland), Sweden e
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Joensuu, Finland f
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Silkimuotka, Finland g
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Släp">Slaep</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Halland), Sweden h
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Sillre (Medelpad), Sweden i
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Norway j
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kittelfjäll">Kittelfjaell</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Sweden; k:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Uppsala (Uppland) l
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Enontekiö">Enontekioe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Finland m
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), Uppsala, Sweden n
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Kiruna, Sweden o
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), Uppsala, Sweden p
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Trysil:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Norway q
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., Kiruna, Sweden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
The name is an adjective used as a substantive in the genitive case derived from the specific name of the host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. is within the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Fennoscandia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hulten, E" journalOrPublisher="Generalstabens litografiska anstalts foerlag, Stockholm" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" title="Atlas oever vaexternas utbredning i Norden. 2: a uppl." year="1971">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hultén">Hulten</normalizedToken>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most southern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. occur near Trysil, Norway, while the most northern populations occur north of the Arctic Circle (Fig. 13). Since
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed eastwards in Siberia approximately to the Jenisej Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hulten, E" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" title="Atlas of North European vascular plants north of the tropic of Cancer. I Introduction, maps 1 - 996." year="1986">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hultén">Hulten</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Fries 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. has a much wider distribution in Russia than we are able to show in the present paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
Figure 11. Hind wings. a ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758) reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus tremula" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">Populus tremula</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., Uppland, Knivsta, Sweden. A AP vein B AA vein C CuA vein D AA3+4 vein E CuA3+4 vein F Mp4 vein G Mp3 vein H medial spur vein I RA vein J MP vein K radial cell L RP-MP vein b ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., Trysil:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
||
Norway c ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Luleå">Lulea</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lappmark, Gallugas 20 km W. Kiruna, Sweden. Scale bar 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
The attacks are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
where females form a "U-shaped lid" in the bark under which an egg is deposited. Stems and branches around 1-2 cm in diameter are used. However, normally no galls are formed by the host tree (Fig. 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The attacks can be massive and one single stem can contain up to 30 attacks (Fig. 12a). Larvae can live during a number of consecutive years since old exit holes are present together with live larvae. It is, therefore, likely that several generations of beetles can develop within the same stem of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Exit holes are normally slightly larger when made by female beetles compared to male, reflecting the differences in size and shape. The development takes at least 2 years, since both small and full-grown larvae were found in stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
after adults had emerged. The localities are wetter than localities where
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found, since
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus tremula" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">Populus tremula</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not occur in biotopes where
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lapponum" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="lapponum">S. lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur. As a consequence,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. live in well separated habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
||
In addition, parasites including wasps and flies frequently attack
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">S. populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schwenke, W [Ed.]" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" title="Die Forstschaedlinge Europas. Ein Handbuch in fuenf Baenden. Zweiter Band. Kaefer." year="1974">Schwenke 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pulkinn and Yang 1984,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Georgiev, G" journalOrPublisher="Anzeiger fuer Schaedlingskunde" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" pagination="155 - 158" title="Parasitoids of Saperdapopulnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on aspen (Populustremula L.) in Bulgaria." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0280.2001.01036.x" volume="74" year="2001">Georgiev 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Very few such parasites have been collected from stems attacked by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. which might be due to climatic factors. However, we did recover two parasitoid wasps of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ichneumonidae" lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from downy willow hatching wood with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. attacks. These were identified as one
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Poemenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poemenia hectica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hectica">Poemenia hectica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gravenhorst, 1829) (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Poemeniinae">Poemeniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and one
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Campopleginae">Campopleginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pyracmon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyracmon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyracmon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(det. Jacek
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hilszczański">Hilszczanski</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Unfortunately, the second specimen was damaged during post transfer and could therefore not be identified with certainty. While
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Campopleginae">Campopleginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="122" start="start">includes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
species known as parasitoids of saproxylic beetles,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Poemenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poemenia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Poemenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as a parasitoid of wood-nesting wasp larvae, so that it may not have been (directly) related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Figure 12. Host tree attacks. a extensive attacks of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., on the entire stem and branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. from Trysil:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljørdalen">Ljordalen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Norway b three adjacent attacks, including an exit hole, of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">Saperda populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n., on a stem of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix lapponum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponum">Salix lapponum</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gällivare">Gaellivare</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Lappland), Sweden c single attacks, including exit holes, of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), on a stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus tremula" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">Populus tremula</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (beetles emerged at top: male, bottom: female), from Knivsta (Uppland), Sweden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Figure 13. Distribution of records mainly from Fennoscandia. Open circles:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="populnea">Saperda populnea populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758) and black dots:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. populnea" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" rank="subSpecies" species="populnea" subSpecies="lapponica">S. populnea lapponica</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Figure 14. Subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populnea">Saperda populnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758) fall in the grey zone under the unified species concept. Adapted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Quieroz, K" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" pagination="879 - 886" title="Species concepts and species delimitation." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083" volume="56" year="2007">de Quieroz (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and beetle photos by Karsten Sund.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |