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<mods:title id="8D95E43649F9EC5F34B3C112792872D1">Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F98E04B84806FA7B1F993E375864684D">Souma, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F416CA7BF03D933D324668D6D4359736">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan &amp; Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC 1), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206289936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/01F095332F4F586E8331FE2F1560AA3C" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" scope_family="Tingidae" scope_order="Hemiptera">
<subSubSection id="AB64C0593FC38A7402D303429CBE889C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1A416F0BE1E159B2C134B9CB406FC4D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C4FE374A06E7328CC37846A744DE8E79" ID-CoL="7N23" LSID="01F09533-2F4F-586E-8331-FE2F1560AA3C" authority="Stal, 1873" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Stephanitis
<normalizedToken id="D3D5C96BAE70FDCA24EFCA03A91FB808" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1873
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="C4FD9F5D26C10C66A21973237252669C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicName id="8D048F2270329834C53086B2D5A65AB9" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanitis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="DEA477A3E37B94911580CC5037C1A54B" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
, 1873: 119. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="8A8B6E7243CF5575984E4D709744AE74" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Acanthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthia pyri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyri">Acanthia pyri</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="D6D75EBC8AD99CC001170C836475C3B5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13940" author="Oshanin, B" journalOrPublisher="Sukashiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B55" refString="Oshanin, B, 1912. Katalog der Palaearktischen Hemipteren 1 (Heteroptera, Homoptera-Auchenorhyncha und Psylloidea). Friedlaender, Berlin, Germany, [xiv +] 187 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13940" title="Katalog der Palaearktischen Hemipteren 1 (Heteroptera, Homoptera-Auchenorhyncha und Psylloidea). Friedlaender, Berlin, Germany, [xiv +] 187 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13940" year="1912">Oshanin 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 130). For other synonyms and detailed description, see
<bibRefCitation id="289069436F1F6030B611297B27F9255A" author="Pericart, J" journalOrPublisher="Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B56" refString="Pericart, J, 1983. Faune de France 69. Hemipteres Tingidae euro-mediterraneens. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, France" title="Faune de France 69. Hemipteres Tingidae euro-mediterraneens." year="1983">
<normalizedToken id="E9B52C33A43BFCABD927A92019AB2637" originalValue="Péricart">Pericart</normalizedToken>
(1983)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="62C49481B7BF667BCB1E8FA87B6D8483" author="Pericart, J" editor="Aukema, B" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2, Cimicomorpha I. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="3 - 78" refId="B57" refString="Pericart, J, Golub, VB, 1996. Superfamily Tingoidea Laporte, 1832. In: Aukema, B, Rieger, C, Eds., Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2, Cimicomorpha I. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands: 3 - 78" title="Superfamily Tingoidea Laporte, 1832." volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region." year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="FFFE8E13E1AE0EE24B4EA5082A8D616C" originalValue="Péricart">Pericart</normalizedToken>
and Golub (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3BE1FD4026BFF1A753BA93BCA39BDD80" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.17.2.2" author="Souma, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="36 - 47" refId="B68" refString="Souma, J, 2020c. Stephanitis (Stephanitis) rhaphiolepidis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan: First representative of the genus feeding on the evergreen rosaceous plant. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 17 (2): 36 - 47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.17.2.2" title="Stephanitis (Stephanitis) rhaphiolepidis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan: First representative of the genus feeding on the evergreen rosaceous plant." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.17.2.2" volume="17" year="2020 c">Souma (2020c)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D57E206F9CBFA6D87359F677B25215C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="85382B7CF863A1F93546CDBF65B42C9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6974A0928AE0BFC26878719BCCD64636" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
To date, only macropterous morphs are known for members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="E0F47BC794D1FEC72C8644D94A8D981E" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Platanaceae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="458854D8ECDC6C22351E498097CA1176" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Stephanitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To the best of the
<normalizedToken id="498DED80A551242D151BC63DBAAFD520" originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
knowledge, most species of this genus feed on the abaxial surface of angiospermous leaves, as do many lace bugs (
<bibRefCitation id="B4F6E8BE385CE3AE95A801D8DD3DE9E3" author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B62" refString="Schuh, RT, Weirauch, C, 2020. True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history (2nd edn.). Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK" title="True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history (2 nd edn.)." year="2020">Schuh and Weirauch 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The nominotypical subgenus
<taxonomicName id="0F74CFF393BD25E58385041B42AA1933" authority="Stephanitis" class="Insecta" family="Platanaceae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis (Stephanitis)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stephanitis">Stephanitis Stephanitis</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the other two subgenera,
<taxonomicName id="31715B455CD32DF06746DA1E19A287BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Menodora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Menodora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="612B80FC27DD35C774DAFF5D1B2CFF11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Menodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1E43E54B29AB97A4B227D2F016220DAE" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Norba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Norba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FAB4758D934D9D3FC8FFFB73104C403" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Norba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the following characteristics (
<bibRefCitation id="638155EB0AB7FEFA4052707AA309CCCF" author="Horvath, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="319 - 339" refId="B26" refString="Horvath, G, 1912. Species generis Tingitidarum Stephanitis. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 10: 319 - 339" title="Species generis Tingitidarum Stephanitis." volume="10" year="1912">
<normalizedToken id="BAC265D27A8214E3FA786BDA93368BAA" originalValue="Horváth">Horvath</normalizedToken>
1912
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0C47E6E3FE99F10D65212D64F1358AB3" author="Takeya, C" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="27 - 52" refId="B92" refString="Takeya, C, 1963. Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera). Mushi 37 (4): 27 - 52" title="Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera)." volume="37" year="1963">Takeya 1963</bibRefCitation>
): pronotum tricarinate (unicarinate in
<taxonomicName id="CD374B8B6318D1920FC779965E6050ED" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Norba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Norba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B79721EC3170A51D2651B382C117EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Norba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); lateral carina ridge-like or laminate (composed of a single row of areolae) (shell-like in
<taxonomicName id="6E455BE4FE8FBEBE178E30B39BFAB534" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Menodora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Menodora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A85B4D0A521E64890C090578B314600" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Menodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); posterolateral angle of paranotum not protruding posteriad (protruding in
<taxonomicName id="63EA3CF8A6DBD9FBAADE5A91F1456D05" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Menodora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Menodora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="458EE3E012172872D3D981C8C8274481" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Menodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and hemelytral anterior margin not curved inwards in basal part (curved in
<taxonomicName id="13246A999DE545AA08D43E62194A5822" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Menodora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Menodora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCF592C5F80105026A79D6D7278FCD08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Menodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Nevertheless, four Japanese species-
<taxonomicName id="B0C6650B9CFB465C868FCFAE316AC06A" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (N.) aperta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta" subGenus="N.">S. (N.) aperta</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EA4987D777958169228A1785437796DF" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (N.) mendica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica" subGenus="N.">S. (N.) mendica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3CFB5E441F31951E4CE18D757B1A3626" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (N.) morimotoi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morimotoi" subGenus="N.">S. (N.) morimotoi</taxonomicName>
Takeya, 1963 and
<taxonomicName id="AE8BAD03F378A69CDBDA3EBA1B369DAE" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (S.) tabidula" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabidula" subGenus="S.">S. (S.) tabidula</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="04C8285AD500931E487752E5D4F49060" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (S.) fasciicarina" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciicarina" subGenus="S.">S. (S.) fasciicarina</taxonomicName>
syn. nov.]-have a unicarinate or tricarinate pronotum as intraspecific variation (
<bibRefCitation id="819B199D02D83FBFF0085675B3F1DE79" author="Takeya, C" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="65 - 84" refId="B86" refString="Takeya, C, 1931. Some Tingitidae of the Japanese Empire. Mushi 4: 65 - 84" title="Some Tingitidae of the Japanese Empire." volume="4" year="1931">Takeya 1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EBD9BF5A649BDB21D003B26924F641CE" author="Takeya, C" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="27 - 52" refId="B92" refString="Takeya, C, 1963. Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera). Mushi 37 (4): 27 - 52" title="Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera)." volume="37" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C373BD93AAD56B33CE54F3A354DF9A9" author="Souma, J" journalOrPublisher="Rostria" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="45 - 50" refId="B74" refString="Souma, J, 2021c. Notes on infraspecific variation and host plant of Stephanitis (Norba) morimotoi Takeya, 1963 (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Rostria 66: 45 - 50" title="Notes on infraspecific variation and host plant of Stephanitis (Norba) morimotoi Takeya, 1963 (Heteroptera: Tingidae)." volume="66" year="2021 c">Souma 2021c</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8AA0515325B7349F45D62B6B22A4E881" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Platanaceae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis (Norba) mendica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica" subGenus="Norba">Stephanitis (Norba) mendica</taxonomicName>
is the type species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="3C8FC61CF1CFEEE6ECDB14A87644284C" class="Insecta" family="Platanaceae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis (Norba)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Norba">Stephanitis Norba</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A03197220963034EA4B63B13BC5DDB77" author="Drake, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Iowa State College Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="381 - 390" refId="B16" refString="Drake, CJ, Poor, ME, 1936. The genera and genotypes of Tingitoidea of the Western Hemisphere. Iowa State College Journal of Science 10 (4): 381 - 390" title="The genera and genotypes of Tingitoidea of the Western Hemisphere." volume="10" year="1936">Drake and Poor 1936</bibRefCitation>
). &quot;
<taxonomicName id="2289D5A18C0B4D4CBB3F242A98A0D343" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Platanaceae" genus="Stephanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanitis (Norba) aperta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta" subGenus="Norba">Stephanitis (Norba) aperta</taxonomicName>
&quot; and &quot;
<taxonomicName id="E4CA5D9D7BA7C1948C34DB242450D1A5" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (S.) tabidula" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabidula" subGenus="S.">S. (S.) tabidula</taxonomicName>
&quot; possessing a unicarinate and tricarinate pronotum, respectively, reported in a previous study (
<bibRefCitation id="C1CF0A57152A942100A37C11632EA266" author="Takeya, C" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="27 - 52" refId="B92" refString="Takeya, C, 1963. Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera). Mushi 37 (4): 27 - 52" title="Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera)." volume="37" year="1963">Takeya 1963</bibRefCitation>
) are misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="C508FFE087DCFD5EDE87224615D8BDFD" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (S.) tabidula" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabidula" subGenus="S.">S. (S.) tabidula</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="27DE3CC22B8CCBD9773E4BA259C82A32" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (N.) aperta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta" subGenus="N.">S. (N.) aperta</taxonomicName>
, respectively (see material examined of each species). However,
<taxonomicName id="D96099588530081511A6EF5FC083D953" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. (S.) tabidula" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabidula" subGenus="S.">S. (S.) tabidula</taxonomicName>
possessing a unicarinate pronotum was confirmed in the present study. Therefore, the presence or absence of lateral carinae varies intraspecifically in at least three species. In conclusion, the number of the pronotal carinae is important for identifying most species, but insufficient for subgenus delimitation. Since the present author considers that molecular phylogenetic analysis using a high number of species and gene regions is necessary to synonymise
<taxonomicName id="C365C34D06F545623F4735D5F7202228" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Norba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Norba" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Norba</taxonomicName>
with the nominotypical subgenus
<taxonomicName id="8F1126C40A57E13FF52AAEF1DEE9720C" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Norba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Norba (Stephanitis)" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stephanitis">Norba Stephanitis</taxonomicName>
, the subgeneric status of ten species treated in the present study follows the current classification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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