975 lines
88 KiB
XML
975 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93bc2dc6-a9c6-40c0-a0fe-616926cc8ff1" ID-PMC="PMC6746741" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-874-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" ID-PubMed="31565020" ID-ZooBank="FFE15112CCBA47EB8F5C0723F96E41EE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-874-101" checkinTime="1568112313650" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parker-Nance, Shirley, Hilliar, Storm, Waterworth, Samantha, Walmsley, Tara & Dorrington, Rosemary" docDate="2019" docId="015CFF60E6545C819F5EB6210C35092A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 874: 101-126" docOrigin="ZooKeys 874" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268" docTitle="Tsitsikamma nguni Parker-Nance, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" masterDocTitle="New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1668167773384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Parker-Nance, Shirley</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hilliar, Storm</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Waterworth, Samantha</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Walmsley, Tara</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dorrington, Rosemary</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>874</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-874-101</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FFE15112CCBA47EB8F5C0723F96E41EE</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:015CFF60E6545C819F5EB6210C35092A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/015CFF60E6545C819F5EB6210C35092A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="015CFF60E6545C819F5EB6210C35092A" authority="Parker-Nance" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma nguni" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nguni">Tsitsikamma nguni Parker-Nance</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="112">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">
|
||
Figure 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–l">a-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Holotype.</emphasis>
|
||
- SAIAB 207212: Rheeders Reef,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.02735" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02735">-34.02735</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.90468" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.90468">23.90468</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-21 m depth, 8 June 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Paratype.</emphasis>
|
||
- SAIAB 207213: Rheeders Reef,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.02735" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02735">-34.02735</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.90468" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.90468">23.90468</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-21 m depth, 9 June 2015. SAIAB 207214, SAIAB 207215: Rheeders Reef,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.02735" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02735">-34.02735</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.90468" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.90468">23.90468</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-21 m depth, 8 June 2015; SAIAB 207216: The Knoll,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.02555" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02555">-34.02555</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.90708" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.90708">23.90708</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18 m depth, 2 May 1993, collected by Colin Buxton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Large thick encrusting or sessile hemispherical or convex cushions, dark slate-coloured when alive but very dark brown to black in preservative. The sponge is very firm and rigid, 3-6 cm high and 3-10 cm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">
|
||
Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper third to half of the sponge surface is dominated by small short, blunt rounded knob-shaped or button-like oscula, 2-5 mm high and 2.5-5 mm wide at the base. The surface surrounding the upper osculate area, the shoulder and upper side of the sponge, has well-spaced small round slightly elevated or sessile porefields. These gradually merge to form larger round porefields that join to form irregular or blotch-shaped structures along the base of the sponge. In general, porefields are 1-4 mm high and 3-14 mm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">
|
||
Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma nguni" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Tsitsikamma nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
in situ
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">c</emphasis>
|
||
collected specimens
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">d</emphasis>
|
||
preserved specimen SAIAB 207216
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">e</emphasis>
|
||
section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">f, g</emphasis>
|
||
sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">h</emphasis>
|
||
short thick strongyles
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">i</emphasis>
|
||
collection of chiadiscorhabds and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">j, k</emphasis>
|
||
acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">c, d)</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">e)</emphasis>
|
||
; 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="f–h">f-h</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The ectosome is 780 (430-1560)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick guarded externally by a prominent palisade of microscleres arranged perpendicularly to the prominent inner style layer (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The softer choanosome is divided into small uneven circular to
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="113" start="start">oval</pageBreakToken>
|
||
shaped chambers 6640 (2290-19770)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter by reinforcing tracts 1410 (530-3200)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sand particles and shell fragments may be present in the sponge choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
are slightly sinuous or curved, hastate or mucronate styles, in two size categories; (i) thick styles are robust and conspicuously centrally thickened 555 (428-672) x 14 (10-19)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and (ii) very long thinner styles 561 (449-832) x10 (3-14)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally short thick strongyles or anisostrongyles are present 463 (287-552) x 14 (7-21)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
are isochiadiscorhabds generally with three whorls (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">
|
||
Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="j–l">j-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), although intermediate forms in which the microscleres have partial whorls of conico-cylindrical tubercles are not uncommon and spicules with two intermediate whorls are also present (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chiadiscorhabds are 51 (40-60)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in total length, with a shaft measuring 42 (34-54) x 9 (6-13)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The manubrium is 25 (18-37)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and the apical whorls 23 (16-32)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Whorls are constructed of acanthose conico-cylindrical tubercles arranged in groups of two to three in the apex whorl and four or more in the manubrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The Nguni cattle breed is unique to southern Africa with characteristic dappled colour and blotchy patterns on the hide, reminiscent of the elaborate blotch-shaped areolate porefields typical of the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marine Protected Area, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="substrate, depth range, and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Substrate, depth range, and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The species is common in the shallow coastal zone within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marine Protected Area on low profile reefs at a depth of 18-21 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. appear a dark slate or very dark grey, almost black in colour. Freshly collected specimens consist of the dark olive-brown to black exterior with dark brown surface structures (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interior tracts are light olive, cartilaginous with softer withdrawn olive-brown choanosome, which may contain sand and shell fragments (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved specimens are a uniform dark brown colour staining the preservative (70% ethanol) a deep rich brown to almost black colour (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differ considerably from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the texture and thickness of the ectosome, internal tracts and surface structures (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" tableUuid="952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC">5</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="114" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
|
||
well as the dimensions of the spicules (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableUuid="57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC">6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Defining the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is more challenging. Most apparent is the surface morphology. The basal part and sides of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponges are dominated by stalked cauliform porefields, densely crowded and gradually giving way to prominent lance-shaped oscula with a large basal diameter distributed over the upper surface of the sponge, giving the sponge surface an uneven, messy appearance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the lower basal parts and sides of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is dominated by flat to slightly raised elaborate blotch-shaped porefields which become smaller, more circular in shape and more isolated towards the upper part of the sponge where they are replaced by well-spaced, small button-shaped (in life, see
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
|
||
) or small and pointed (preserved,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
|
||
) oscula over the upper part of the sponge. Both species have similar partitioning of the choanosome, although
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is notably firmer, has larger more regular chambers with generally thicker spicule tracks and a slightly thicker ectosome (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableUuid="952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC">5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The megasclere and microsclere shape and dimension are very similar (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableUuid="57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC">6</tableCitation>
|
||
) although the species differ in the number of acanthose conico-cylindrical tubercles grouped together to make up the manubrium, three per group in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1l</figureCitation>
|
||
) and four to six in the new species (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tsitsikamma nguni sp. nov.: a, b in situ c collected specimens d preserved specimen SAIAB 207216 e section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207214 f, g sinuous style, two size classes sometime tylote h short thick strongyles i collection of chiadiscorhabds and j, k acanthose tubercles visible on SEM image of chiadiscorhabds, and l) developing chiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207215. Scale bars 5 cm (c, d); 1 mm (e); 100 µm (f-h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338779" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure5">Fig. 5j, k</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/952D6A1AD551D166C09D3331032735AC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dimensions (mm) of surface and skeletal structures (data for ectosome and tracts given as thickness, internal honeycomb-shape chamber as mean diameter and ranges, oscula and porefields as mean height and diameter with ranges).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<table pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Ectosome</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">0.5 (0.4-0.9)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">0.6 (0.4-1.1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">0.8 (0.4-1.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Internal tracts</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">0.7 (0.7)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">1.2 (0.7-1.8)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">6.6 (2.3-19.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Internal chambers</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">0.2 (0.1-0.2)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">5.1 (3.6-8.5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">1.4 (0.5-3.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Oscula height</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">2.4 (2.0-5.5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">4.4 (2.0-8.0)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">3.1 (2.0-4.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Oscula diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">1.1 (1.0-1.5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">4.0 (1.5-8.0)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">3.2 (2.5-4.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Porefield height</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">8.3 (7.0-9.0)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">5.1 (1.0-10.0)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">2.1 (1.0-4.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Porefield diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">3.4 (2.5-5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">3.5 (2.0-14)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">7.1 (3.0-14)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions (µm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 2),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 14), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (n = 4) for material examined. Data in table given as mean total length (range)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
shaft width (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<table pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Sample</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Megascleres</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Microscleres (µm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(i) 702 (480-884) x 19 (14-27)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">43 (41-48) x 8 (6-10)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(ii) 692 (518-821) x 10 (5-15)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 80)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">shaft length 37 (19-41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="3">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 20 (19-22)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 22 (19-25)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 40)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(i) 570 (420-788) x 14 (9-19)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">53 (40-68) x 9 (6-14)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(ii) 598 (449-907) x 10 (3-16)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 520)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">shaft length 43 (29-59)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="3">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 24 (17-34)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 26 (19-37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 280)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(i) 555 (428-672) x 14 (10-19)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">51 (40-60) x 9 (6-13)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(ii) 561 (449-832) x10 (3-14)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 160)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">shaft length 42 (34-54)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="3">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 23 (16-32)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 25 (18-37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">(n = 80)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
The general appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., shape of the porefields, and smaller size of the oscula, the colour, both in life and preserved, the slightly shorter styles (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableUuid="57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC">6</tableCitation>
|
||
), slight difference in the arrangement of the acanthose tubercles of the microsclere manubrium, the slightly thicker ectosome, the more robust interior spicule-dense tracts, and larger chambers (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" tableUuid="57285B3E1AA88BB6D7698B064A213FFC">6</tableCitation>
|
||
) all contribute to a species that is distinctly different in appearance from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In freshly collected specimens fixed in 70% ethanol, the preservative extracts some secondary metabolites and pigment from the specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma nguni" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Tsitsikamma nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. colours the fixative intense dark solid brown almost
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="115" start="start">black</pageBreakToken>
|
||
colour, this is very different from the lighter brown semi-translucent colouration given to the fixative by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma nguni" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to show no genetic diversity with respect to the 28S rRNA gene sequence from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.16-32 % from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 0.32 % from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. michaeli" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The species in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit two morphological growth forms:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are thick encrusting to hemispherical sponges with spicule-dense tracts that reinforce the internal choanosome while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. michaeli" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">T. michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are purse-shaped species, with or without a prominent stalk. The growth form, surface architecture, colour, skeletal structure, and spicule morphology are important diagnostic characteristics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An identification key for the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Latrunculiidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera and species within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
incorporating important morphological characteristics, skeletal architecture, spicule morphology, and ontogeny has been constructed which incorporates descriptive information from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B17" refString="Samaai, T, Govender, V, Kelly, M, 2004. Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa 725: 1 - 18" title="Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" volume="725" year="2004">Samaai et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B16" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, 2009. . https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" year="2009">Samaai et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Samaai et al. (2006), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" author="Kelly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B8" refString="Kelly, M, Sim-Smith, C, Stone, R, Samaai, T, Reiswig, H, Austin, W, 2016. New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zootaxa 4121: 1 - 48" title="New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" volume="4121" year="2016">Kelly et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Identification key for Latrunculiidae incorporating descriptive information contained in Samaai and Kelly (2002), Samaai et al. (2003), Samaai et al. (2004), Samaai et al. (2009), Samaai et al. (2006), and Kelly et al. (2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338780" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This identification key is in agreement with the relationships presented in the 28S rRNA and COI sequence based phylogenetic trees constructed for available sequences (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for A 28 S rRNA gene sequence and B COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the Latrunculiidae and Mycale (Mycale) sponge species (commonly found as epibionts)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/99C0E1D55D80F97CEB626A5025D85665" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" tableUuid="99C0E1D55D80F97CEB626A5025D85665">7</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338780" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Identification key for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Latrunculiidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
incorporating descriptive information contained in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B17" refString="Samaai, T, Govender, V, Kelly, M, 2004. Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa 725: 1 - 18" title="Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" volume="725" year="2004">Samaai et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B16" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, 2009. . https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" year="2009">Samaai et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Samaai et al. (2006), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" author="Kelly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B8" refString="Kelly, M, Sim-Smith, C, Stone, R, Samaai, T, Reiswig, H, Austin, W, 2016. New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zootaxa 4121: 1 - 48" title="New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" volume="4121" year="2016">Kelly et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
28S rRNA gene sequence and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">B</emphasis>
|
||
COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Latrunculiidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponge species (commonly found as epibionts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="99C0E1D55D80F97CEB626A5025D85665" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/99C0E1D55D80F97CEB626A5025D85665" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" start="Table 7" startId="T7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Table 7.</emphasis>
|
||
List of species, specimen numbers, and GenBank accession numbers for 28S rRNA gene sequences and COI gene sequences used to construct phylogenetic trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<table pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Specimen number</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">28 S rRNA GenBank accession #</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">COI GenBank accession #</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclacanthia bellae" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bellae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Cyclacanthia bellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">TIC2008-085A</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">MG820030</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia (Biannulata) algoaensis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis" subGenus="Biannulata">Latrunculia (Biannulata) algoaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Walmsley sp06</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471505.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471497</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis" subGenus="Latrunculia">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">NIWA36068</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">LN850207</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis" subGenus="Latrunculia">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">NIWA37305</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">LN850209</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brevis" subGenus="Latrunculia">Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">NIWA29141</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">LN850236</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia (Biannulata) lunaviridis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lunaviridis" subGenus="Biannulata">Latrunculia (Biannulata) lunaviridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">NCI417</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC869489.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Arenochalia) mirabilis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis" subGenus="Arenochalia">Mycale (Arenochalia) mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">NCI445</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC869613</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Arenochalia) mirabilis" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis" subGenus="Arenochalia">Mycale (Arenochalia) mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">QMB G305553</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">HE611592</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207209</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695578</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Walmsley sp08</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471501</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Sceptrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sceptrella biannulata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Sceptrella biannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KF017195</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207190</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695576</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207176</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471502.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471494</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207221</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471503.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471495</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207228</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">MG203890</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Walmsley sp03</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471496.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">JF930154.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma michaeli" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207202</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KC471507.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma michaeli" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207207</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">MG203894</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma michaeli" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207209</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695577</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma nguni" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207213</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695575</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207195</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695579</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207196</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">KU695580</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207198</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">MG203896</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma scurra" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Tsitsikamma scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">SAIAB 207201</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">MG686549</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis presented here of partial 28S rRNA gene sequences and COI sequences is incomplete and although lacking COI sequences for some
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="116" start="start">Tsitsikamma</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
representatives, the diagnostic key constructed for morphological characteristics distinguishing members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Latrunculiidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not contradicted by the relatedness between taxa presented in these preliminary phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequence comparison. Both suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclacanthia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Cyclacanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for A 28 S rRNA gene sequence and B COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the Latrunculiidae and Mycale (Mycale) sponge species (commonly found as epibionts)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Sceptrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sceptrella" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Sceptrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for A 28 S rRNA gene sequence and B COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the Latrunculiidae and Mycale (Mycale) sponge species (commonly found as epibionts)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The separation between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
underline the ontogenetic nature of the spicule and resulting microsclere morphology with similar terminal structures such as isochiadiscorhabds in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, isospinodiscorhabds in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclacanthia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Cyclacanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or isoconicodiscorhabds in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Sceptrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sceptrella" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Sceptrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are more similar in development than the anisodiscorhabds characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latrunculia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[after
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B17" refString="Samaai, T, Govender, V, Kelly, M, 2004. Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa 725: 1 - 18" title="Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" volume="725" year="2004">Samaai et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B16" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, 2009. . https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1" year="2009">Samaai et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Samaai et al. (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" author="Kelly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B8" refString="Kelly, M, Sim-Smith, C, Stone, R, Samaai, T, Reiswig, H, Austin, W, 2016. New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zootaxa 4121: 1 - 48" title="New taxa arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.1" volume="4121" year="2016">Kelly et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
The morphological similarity of species in the two morphological groups within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is borne out by the similarity of their 28S rRNA gene sequences as shown (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for A 28 S rRNA gene sequence and B COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the Latrunculiidae and Mycale (Mycale) sponge species (commonly found as epibionts)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and reflected in pair wise distance analysis of the sequences. Interestingly, we observed significant intraspecific genetic diversity in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. michaeli" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">T. michaeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. However, interspecific genetic diversity for the 28S rRNA gene did support the morphological species identity overall (see Suppl. material 1: Table S1,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Identification key for Latrunculiidae incorporating descriptive information contained in Samaai and Kelly (2002), Samaai et al. (2003), Samaai et al. (2004), Samaai et al. (2009), Samaai et al. (2006), and Kelly et al. (2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338780" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure6">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Tree representation of the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis by Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA) for A 28 S rRNA gene sequence and B COI gene sequence (numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and scale distance of the branches) for available species in the Latrunculiidae and Mycale (Mycale) sponge species (commonly found as epibionts)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338781" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure7">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This study highlights the limitations of commonly used genetic markers in their current coverage for the resolution of closely related species and the importance of rigorous morphological data for taxonomic classification of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Latrunculiidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponges. An extended phylogenetic investigation encompassing the full rRNA cistron would improve our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of not only the higher taxa but also at species level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |