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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="01361832310B5E8ED5AE81629119DE82" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum multiflorum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="03128809CF7D2056883CD3191794E384">A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB7C64B4B5AFF5037F8626938EBA228">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A847C5E5BDAF227572D6D5A954F24D87">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5F3C9BAAE3291BF33BD4D31C3102E2BA">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="759699A25DBD10A5D795D98E74A7D1BF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C47D5CC6BA471207A752ADF76251792F">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F88B519DE9CF704E1DFD838609090B34" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3F45A9F15F2CAE5231C4FF52DB1D6F3A">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="75453B83F1C9889264CCDB6E590294B9">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1918F8704DE39D984C521276247A6828">198</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A3C7B60550DECD0C484560DC58CED65C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C31A2A81016E7EAA1FFF21739F6E2310" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="01361832310B5E8ED5AE81629119DE82" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723678" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:01361832310B5E8ED5AE81629119DE82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/01361832310B5E8ED5AE81629119DE82" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="FBBCA2A479FA0F571DA24D5F8B0C1B83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D1E61EB224C150362CE543010B13BBA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
28.
<taxonomicName id="FAE958B8D5126F426B0F9D0DF7008406" ID-CoL="6YTKN" authority="Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819." authorityName="Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F51BFEE63F7953B525B21DDE866AC658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="0CE59D2F5709836203DF6B1982F1BAD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="FBB887C6A3EB70FA753187A9CFA90ACD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diversity of inflorescences and flowers in tropical Asian spiny solanums A lax, spreading inflorescences and stellate flowers of Solanum violaceum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India) B condensed, recurved inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. multiflorum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C inflorescences and large stellate flowers of S. involucratum (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. pubescens with unequal stamens, one long and recurved (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E large rotate flower of S. insanum with abundant interpetalar corolla tissues (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) F many flowered inflorescence and infructescence of S. pseudosaponaceum (field photograph, unvouchered, Philippines) G many flowered inflorescences of S. torvum; flowers with well-developed interpetalar corolla tissues (Suksathan et al. PS 3815, Thailand) H small stellate flowers of S. viarum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126944, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, E, H X. Aubriot C M. Nuraliev F D. Tandang G D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8E3E1848D9AEA8332C0DDE3985E0663A" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Solanum multiflorum Roth A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1835 (Wight 1575, E 00757306) B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C detail view of a fruit with seeds (Sampath Kumar et al. 126958, India) D detail view of a calyx and floral buds (Sampath Kumar et al. 126937, India) E detail view of an infructescence (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India). Photograph credits: A Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh B-E X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 45</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB9EDB85C203E2F77E1D4C7325961945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="37C7E98EA79C5BBF0CE0CCFD8B269FE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8FAE4DB7770CE5035416AA12FAF13E22" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum agreste" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agreste">Solanum agreste</taxonomicName>
Roth in Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819. Type. India. &quot;H. in India orientali. B. Heyne&quot; 29 Jun 1816,
<emphasis id="356772ACC8C3114E39F4877A1B7A9186" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Heyne s.n.</emphasis>
(neotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="53F4709C0BA1B4E6A57BA8BA748288A9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" author="Turner, IM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 428" refId="B249" refString="Turner, IM, 2021. Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis. Taxon 70 (2): 365 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" title="Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" volume="70" year="2021">Turner 2021</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 417: K-W [K00116650, shoot mounted in lower left only]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="294B6B21F3103AF3E98766FA30C6D48F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8CC919D731B15175ED9991858C12F565" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth, Nov. Sp. Pl. 129. 1821, nom. illeg. non
<taxonomicName id="EFD86097D4BE21D8B703A5095AC110A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth in Roem. &amp; Schultes, 1819. Type. Based on same material as
<taxonomicName id="430D381C64DEA9180EDC336971585038" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">S. multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth ex Roem. &amp; Schult.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21F33831DCC20BB0D4D327FA90B6DE6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="20FB577EFA181B0B4E942542C3C95BD4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum agreste" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agreste">Solanum agreste</taxonomicName>
Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 130. 1821, nom. illeg. non
<taxonomicName id="FCB4E77F62FC7891B19D745E723F605C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. agreste" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agreste">S. agreste</taxonomicName>
Roth in Roem. &amp; Schult., 1819. Type. Based on same material and homotypic with
<taxonomicName id="F892A3F5CE385455BDDF02C3E1BA3605" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. agreste" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agreste">S. agreste</taxonomicName>
Roth in Roem. &amp; Schult. (isonym).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FA7D15823DAC24A0026465B8D4F3567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="87DD75DF61FE40C6554AEDD84DEF21EE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum himalense subsp. var. var. soumbe" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="himalense" subSpecies="var." variety="soumbe">Solanum himalense Dunal var. soumbe</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 300. 1852. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: &quot;Nilgiris, Mts. de Nellygerry&quot; [Nilgiri mountains],
<emphasis id="31022B7BC3393694F6BEF0A1C8777C5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.B.L. Leschenault de la Tour 163</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: P [P00055586]; isolectotypes: P [P00055587, P00055588]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71AE4027264332E93E3FCE8D9191735A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D82490BACEE5C8B2E818CFBE867490F5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum erosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosum">Solanum erosum</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="44495D4E5D23B55DB74599F2FD95B927" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck) 83. 1870. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris, &quot;in montibus Nilagiri&quot;,
<emphasis id="536D7FC10C86BED745FC4A83DD1F04AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.F. Hohenacker 1074</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: BR [AWH10071571]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000778310, BM000778311], E [E00196408], G [G00442714], K [K000014858], L [L, L], LE [LE00016194], P [P00055723, P00055724, P00055725, P00055726], W [acc. # 0003339).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD7E75F646FE1D5B58861A417B806AE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9D725431108356FDE13F25CA1F2F06CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="multiflorum">Solanum indicum L. var. multiflorum</taxonomicName>
(Roth) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 235. 1883. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="9098CDA82B7B387B882F225186BDBE77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1251B39308C0DBE0727EC5D884201A4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FE386B58E364CA4EC6ECDE2750E2808A" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Van Heurck &amp; Mull.Arg." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. erosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="erosum">Solanum indicum L. subsp. erosum</taxonomicName>
(Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="7AF8894CE152AA342448DA4DA13AC459" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg.) Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 11. 1923. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="62B2B41FBB222AB733DEE8D3CC099E4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum erosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosum">Solanum erosum</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="67ADC13B04EE646EB5DF677DD739F942" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCBDBD6443C69A77F454CEBA5CF8C458" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6F4309D8310D8F8176F07951CC2C9F16" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum anguivi subsp. var. var. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="anguivi" subSpecies="var." variety="multiflorum">Solanum anguivi Lam. var. multiflorum</taxonomicName>
(Roth) Vajr., Fl. Tamil Nadu Ind., Ser I: Analysis 2: 115. 1987, as &quot;
<emphasis id="64186FFC1B829CD5F66E32FBBC36E4CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">multiflora</emphasis>
&quot;. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD459C8360FC8366F067CA1C06EE0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BC2A98504F33358C815759CD278AC51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="17CA10A4BAAAB15A1A9566A55C39E7C0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum subsp. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="violaceum" subSpecies="multiflorum">Solanum violaceum Ortega subsp. multiflorum</taxonomicName>
(C.B.Clarke) K.M.Matthew, Kew Bull. 46: 545. 1991. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="315F676DBD4B736E60BD705BBA2663E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Solanum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Roth
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CFF73C274B78ACB7EF31DE61D0BF9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C29B3FE3A03CB4323D092059CF7A22A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="2549FC0FD630A2DD1D44B7D647132265">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B595C196028627CAE7DE4955A6287D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="28A20AF1AC99BBBB7A938E857F7FA81E" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="B. Heyne, R. Wight" country="India" location="India" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="ACABDD9E3C138035059B478CF5394BC9" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [&quot;H. in
<collectingCountry id="3CA969EA61B0075A8A719F850E2E2B16" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
orientali.
<collectorName id="1E6B5108443FC1759AD84E95303C13A1">B. Heyne</collectorName>
&quot; protologue] &quot;Peninsula Ind. orientalis&quot; [1836],
<emphasis id="A2B284525DEDAD78BC68459721B14643" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
herb.
<collectorName id="30FAAB7A3B8A4EA576164D95D7C6FC63">R. Wight</collectorName>
prop. 1575
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="71585859B5EDA4ACB60CE81CE3C6B7DB">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="94C88032D91346CB464B8326B5F4DCF1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" author="Turner, IM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 428" refId="B249" refString="Turner, IM, 2021. Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis. Taxon 70 (2): 365 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" title="Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" volume="70" year="2021">Turner 2021</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 418: K-W [K000759413]; probable isoneotypes: CAL, E [E00757306, E00617617, E00617618, E00617619, E00617621), NY [NY00825634], P [P00049971, P00055603, P03933610]
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A38663E3D2A7CBDE0AB088ACE726278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="E5CD5C0E157229EE4A73333A0C55E571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59C5DE7A81A2BAD131FE972C9D192330" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Erect shrub, 2-3 m, armed, much branched. Stems erect, robust, terete, densely stellate-pubescent and prickly, the trichomes porrect-stellate, sessile or short-stalked, the stalks to 0.8 mm long, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.5 mm long, the midpoints to 2 mm long, the prickles to 10 mm long, to 6 mm wide, straight to slightly curved, flattened, orange-brown, glabrous or bearing a few stellate trichomes; new growth densely stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the stems; bark of older stems somewhat glabrescent, grey-brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate. Leaves simple, more or less deeply lobed, the blades 5-20 cm long, 3.5-16 cm wide, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide, ovate, chartaceous, discolorous, unarmed or prickly with up to 20 straight prickles to 10 mm long on primary and secondary veins on both sides of the leaf; adaxial surface densely to sparsely stellate-pubescent, with sessile to stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.8 mm, the rays 6-8, 0.2-0.8 mm, the midpoints 0.7-2 mm long; abaxial surface densely stellate-pubescent with sessile and short-stalked trichomes like those of the adaxial surface; major veins 3-5 pairs; base cuneate to truncate, often oblique; margins shallowly to deeply lobed, the lobes 3(4) on each side, 1.5-5 cm long, broad-deltate to obovate, often with well-developed secondary lobes, apically acute to rounded, the sinuses extending 1/3-4/5 to the midrib; apex acute; petioles 1-4 cm, 1/6-1/3 of the leaf length, unarmed or with a few straight prickles, densely stellate-pubescent with porrect sessile and short-stalked trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 3-7 cm long, apparently lateral, unbranched or forked, more rarely several times branched, with 10-20 flowers, 3-6 flowers open at any one time, densely stellate-pubescent with stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems, unarmed or with a few straight prickles; peduncle 1-5 mm long, usually unarmed; pedicels 0.5-1.5 cm long, stout, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, strongly recurved at anthesis, unarmed, densely stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 1-2 mm apart. Buds globose to ovoid, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 2-6 mm long, obconical to cup-shaped, the lobes 2-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, long-deltate, apically long-acuminate, unarmed or with a few straight prickles, densely stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 1.3-1.5 cm in diameter, violet to purple, stellate, lobed ca. 2/3 of the way to the base, interpetalar tissue somewhat present, the lobes 4.5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm, deltate to ovate, spreading at anthesis, glabrous adaxially but with a few minute stellate trichomes at the tips and on the midribs, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, a mixture of sessile and stalked, the stalks up to 0.1 mm, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.3 mm, the midpoints to 0.8 mm long, longer towards lobe apices. Stamens equal; anthers 3.5-4 mm, ca. 1.5 mm wide, tapering, drying brown to red-brown, sometimes with pronounced papillae on the dorsal surface, poricidal at the tips, the pores not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm, glabrous. Ovary conical, densely stellate-pubescent in the upper 3/4-1/2; style 5.5-7 mm long, stellate-pubescent for almost all of its length; stigma clavate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, many per infructescence, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, orange-red to dark brown when ripe, the pericarp thin, smooth and shiny, with stellate trichomes sparsely covering the fruit pericarp persisting into maturity; fruiting pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide at the base, 1.7-2.5 mm in diameter at the apex, woody, thick, strongly recurved downwards, unarmed or prickly with up to 5 filiform straight prickles; fruiting calyx moderately accrescent, elongating to (3.5-)5-11 mm long, covering up to 1/3 of the mature berry, usually not reflexed, unarmed or prickly with up to 10 straight prickles. Seeds ca. 10-15 per berry, 2.5-3.7 mm long, 2.1-3 mm wide, flattened-reniform, orange-brown, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal to slightly sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: n = 12, 2n = 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="D92B4E4D0A2B8AC5B12C4FFB4CEBE953" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" author="Madhavadian, P" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 347" refId="B154" refString="Madhavadian, P, 1968. Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae. Caryologia 21 (4): 343 - 347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" title="Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" volume="21" year="1968">Madhavadian 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6576E62E5FB799CBBA53DCAF476DF152" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1983.10797655" author="Kirti, PB" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 164" refId="B115" refString="Kirti, PB, Rao, BGS, 1983. The cytogenetic basis of sterility in spinous Solanum hybrids. Caryologia 36 (2): 155 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1983.10797655" title="The cytogenetic basis of sterility in spinous Solanum hybrids." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1983.10797655" volume="36" year="1983">Kirti and Rao 1983</bibRefCitation>
; both as
<taxonomicName id="F5FE62B780EEFA1F513A2C4A68720760" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="multiflorum">Solanum indicum var. multiflorum</taxonomicName>
Clarke).
</paragraph>
<caption id="45C53C451F07ACE1E644E4D53FAD81A9" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 45" startId="F45">
<paragraph id="77E9A04B2A4FC0A369A91495B6C2E0A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BAF5846F6223EC53849DF1DF787302E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 45.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E613EBDD5953FDC4E55B949F40638573" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="7C5639798D56BEA1E2667E87AFED0EDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Roth
<emphasis id="DBE833123DCAA394D46CAEA45607CF81" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in India in 1835 (
<emphasis id="5E158E870CFF1765C3CAF53365EE49DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wight 1575</emphasis>
, E00757306)
<emphasis id="8BA749505D973C2130ADFC5BAE35032E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habit (
<emphasis id="A8C07E29499AE4BD291C1D9B8BF17C04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126950</emphasis>
, India)
<emphasis id="2A87CDC10113A2880A3A10AF1E98B6E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detail view of a fruit with seeds (
<emphasis id="820A527964E9FF605AD3F789FD076FEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126958</emphasis>
, India)
<emphasis id="4D443E179E73B72BAF7FCB0284397987" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail view of a calyx and floral buds (
<emphasis id="D7738B14A0913E909B303B246F282A2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126937</emphasis>
, India)
<emphasis id="FF3EEF7C8E5CE3447041DE142A74699E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail view of an infructescence (
<emphasis id="2E6A4B97BAA758553F6818ED41CC9667" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126950</emphasis>
, India). Photograph credits:
<emphasis id="0C1022C352EE8F4C1324862858302E3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
<emphasis id="F78F4939CF705519DF73BD5C5783DE99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
X. Aubriot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27BFD5A9F17E480CFF084865E71364E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F0C91E87058626A6034424EC3FF6FBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2839A137407834BB53E948249A88553" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E70595EBA51D15DB14F2072A5396CCF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="9519FC50E74C3527798661B0A5787C1A" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Distribution of S. multiflorum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689739" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="32B341626AB5A70F44EE1FCAE6137D35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="D9191D09CC2C710F752CA8D2313191DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the western part of Tamil Nadu Province in southern India, occurring in the Nilgiri, Coimbatore, Didingul and Madurai districts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7A0940A260F369C3442F5F697BE9DF1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="9A8789593FBB38A344AC868C4B2C91D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63295AB391DEF115BD6899CBBAD1B69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0B9E49D183A1CBCF3A9E195CDFD30817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="02C7A67C17C54F819ACC34B211D3BBA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of deciduous or evergreen broadleaf forests and grows in forest edges and roadsides; from 1,700 to 2,300 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9B89FB758990E452D98DC877C4427E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="BCDCBDA44DDDC10DDBF69DDF42E6A697" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F04B398720738D31E4F6CACD7144D674" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
India. Karnataka: kahi sunde (
<emphasis id="E5F386A903DC8ECFDEB00F7A2040032A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hosagoudar 96871</emphasis>
); Tamil Nadu:
<normalizedToken id="DDDF91CD97EC8005EB0BD89A539D14FC" originalValue="soumbé">soumbe</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="92BB434B5FBBF0EA88DB1C3728436C7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leschenault de la Tour 163</emphasis>
). Some of the names attributed to
<taxonomicName id="2141CFCF80A75A0A7DCBDBF24AE98C2B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="6004B885AD89B7AC85696CA9738E716F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in floras may refer to this species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3B5F5B4602CA7179A5F3CA824E5A3F4A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689739" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 46" startId="F46">
<paragraph id="0D8EEEAF014A04EA067B137DC3D90963" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="593C25924201E6BE08E6EF1D3E37B97A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 46.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="CC22CD9FC21610DE8E9AB4C2819EDF04" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="3BCD86A3A929C093FDF5217A9CBF0677" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA410384C4D02EB775DFE64CCFA3B5E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="BD953E88B9BA8B366FB53F15CBA9B196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="072BA88E4A52A0C60B60D8BA1C07C153" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F443FDA756D56DD555AE3A767BCC5791" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="A87A194901516E82F5174C17EBB91984" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern (LC). EOO (669,122 km2, LC); AOO (324 km2, EN).
<taxonomicName id="399B0CA7000589F71BB4798167CC8D76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="50DD89C0466928FA35DDD5D843E526F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of disturbed habitats in southern India, with many recent collections. It is not of particular conservation concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F914DB372B3F6B4F93D8EAC61E82FC69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EA2AAAE0BAD5716838281C94F849EEB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8B6FC9D7DB89BA351B14C8DCBB6DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E967E7EA6DD3EF35A4C188840E26509F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="7E266F1B51FB13D325349C4C676271BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as a variety of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="561B344CC0B9C64F029C4E348D118676" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="F45D0B1E7524C276B1B87D93FA09AAE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (now a suppressed name, see Suppressed Names) in various Indian floras, in part due to issues with the application of
<normalizedToken id="CA3B3093C72C146E4E80CD2A8A199407" originalValue="Roth’s">Roth's</normalizedToken>
name. It is morphologically similar and related to
<taxonomicName id="BA7F7BC5FB13589F31F69C07034940EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="E458DD555AB8D2F9BC7B453384E17BBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the name now used for the suppressed
<taxonomicName id="A3EAB9181D174F4FE27970CD49C7F7FB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B40D85C44577CDEDAD1B3792F7314FD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), both taxa are members of
<taxonomicName id="81B24FDD619A086A848C788A0A9AA680" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="4BFEF0CFEA21B7FD5B93270A699BE8D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of
<bibRefCitation id="EEF14D662EC7007469945B404801731A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot;spiny solanums&quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot; spiny solanums &quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
, along with
<taxonomicName id="EDA8BBA56D933517A758554979318F6E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hovei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hovei">
<emphasis id="FA2AD6F0DC9813A6B3E8CC057E181117" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hovei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AD731BA304A0A4226B4AEEA2EDA0D7DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. deflexicarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexicarpum">
<emphasis id="449903E326C43823F735E15E05042603" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. deflexicarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B9AE42EE8FED7F74A7958EDAF3FDABF1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="08343770960A832B54A42D9B1FBBF60B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="CD1435A71934D0B67BB8B628F5555DE7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="401B2AEB831FDFF73B86F73E425BC660" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and can be distinguished from it in its usually branched inflorescences with congested pedicels, long, soft pubescence and its short fruiting pedicels that are strongly deflexed rather than widely spreading. The leaves of
<taxonomicName id="814FF2C4B52C28D9DAE0B558557148DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="A44E3EB51C0AB87042EAD9D505EDBB7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually more deeply lobed than those of
<taxonomicName id="C2279FBA0A4E8019B8BBA2A45C426EF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="17ADE9AD43A91EF13D337A8C36919D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="65C5753504A63EFCAB5A1F811C4FD08F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="9AEBC9A3FE44010920B6EDC13EA932AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely variable and this does not always hold.
<taxonomicName id="69E9ECC63696F05A82016F76D619FC54" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="448FD4C7EB0EE33B45524D936EFFBA1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the strongly deflexed fruiting pedicels with
<taxonomicName id="5623AF9866A61C59510C5FE758895860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. deflexicarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexicarpum">
<emphasis id="BDEB2C204AB4A5C477080175A3F3F5CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. deflexicarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of China but differs from that species in its more copious pubescence, more deeply lobed leaves and usually purple (rather than white) flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5120EFA12E8D25B5D9936C3C7A054DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The species names proposed by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth were published in 1819 by
<bibRefCitation id="430EC620CA4BCC7272BF80EEDE58A465" author="Roemer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B208" refString="Roemer, JJ, Schultes, JA, 1819. Systema vegetabilium, 15th edn. [bis]. Vol. 4. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart." title="Systema vegetabilium, 15 th edn. [bis]. Vol. 4. J. G. Cotta, Stuttgart." year="1819">Roemer and Schultes (1819)</bibRefCitation>
, two years before they were published by Roth himself (
<bibRefCitation id="401453F116CA3A6662329486E19B0EAC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10723" author="Roth, AW" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B209" refString="Roth, AW, 1821. Novae plantarum species praesetim Indiae orientalis ex collections Doct. Benj. Heynii. H. Vogler, Halberstadt. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10723" title="Novae plantarum species praesetim Indiae orientalis ex collections Doct. Benj. Heynii. H. Vogler, Halberstadt." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10723" year="1821">Roth 1821</bibRefCitation>
). Descriptions in
<bibRefCitation id="56706FF2228D1687C07726804B18CABD" author="Roemer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B208" refString="Roemer, JJ, Schultes, JA, 1819. Systema vegetabilium, 15th edn. [bis]. Vol. 4. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart." title="Systema vegetabilium, 15 th edn. [bis]. Vol. 4. J. G. Cotta, Stuttgart." year="1819">Roemer and Schultes (1819)</bibRefCitation>
are abbreviated from
<normalizedToken id="CD5E26FC053BC9297BE7EE949A9845C1" originalValue="Roth’s">Roth's</normalizedToken>
longer ones published in 1821; no new material was apparently seen (see
<bibRefCitation id="33DA6F598EE6F2F1B91E0A50B10DB41D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" author="Turner, IM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 428" refId="B249" refString="Turner, IM, 2021. Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis. Taxon 70 (2): 365 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" title="Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" volume="70" year="2021">Turner 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Material at Edinburgh from Robert
<normalizedToken id="6D681DD0EED4BA514E03A909034FBA07" originalValue="Wight’s">Wight's</normalizedToken>
personal herbarium (here as probable isoneotypes) is in better condition than the sheet (K000759413) in the Wallich hebarium designated as the neotype. The numbering of
<normalizedToken id="0C5270C3B06F3A28404D13CDC5E151D8" originalValue="Wight’s">Wight's</normalizedToken>
herbarium was done after the fact specimens bearing the same number may or may not be duplicates of the neotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="068C88D16DB03872FD282F29E87A34CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="890B37C472995199A333FAA444DBED49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum himalense subsp. var. var. soumbe" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="himalense" subSpecies="var." variety="soumbe">Solanum himalense var. soumbe</taxonomicName>
was described based on the collection
<emphasis id="BA6CF2F982F78E1E60C6B35C0F580A3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leschenault de la Tour 163</emphasis>
seen by
<bibRefCitation id="0734CFFC1932809C87BB7D3A97C1BE50" author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
in Paris. From the three specimens with this number at P we have selected the specimen (P00055586) with an annotation in
<normalizedToken id="40964827AE5B95E633D0E39171FF48BD" originalValue="Dunal’s">Dunal's</normalizedToken>
hand as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="277CEF917FBF3812454B9637F629CDB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The collection
<emphasis id="C0E30A7A9D2FC9859E12E558825CCF52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1074</emphasis>
was cited from two herbaria (&quot;hb. Van Heurck et hb. DC&quot;) in the protologue of
<taxonomicName id="2EF337E5C4968D93BC2627B9D2156CA9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. erosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosum">
<emphasis id="22A408AFFFDB63019BF7C61D345EB662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. erosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Van Heurck 1870). The Van Heurck herbarium, previously held in Antwerp at AWH, has now been acquired by BR, but sheets are still barcoded with the AWH herbarium code. We have selected the duplicate of
<emphasis id="2598C784B8B15026FAB132709D9391F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1074</emphasis>
held in BR (AWH10071571) as the lectotype for
<taxonomicName id="DD0220953F843D87CEB95894B487B2A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. erosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosum">
<emphasis id="F5A17C7E7A03BAD03460B0E19599D2B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. erosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this collection is widely distributed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5772C314DF8EE3D1D640856C24502960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87E72CFDBA946C2D2B2EB9B0BB97194A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49499C9693B7C58D33041AA14C9A7BA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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