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<document id="C7BE8DD9D33C09AEE68934D6972B631A" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930600621601" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232431" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629452529763" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2006" docId="011D87C1FFFDCD4D1FC5FDC9E3BFFC32" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.40.3-4.169-234.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 40 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600621601" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Clavelina simplex Kott 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="FD24FFB9FFF3CD421E03FFA7E272FFAC" masterDocTitle="Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1)" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1699073750233" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="55E34D90AF88F2F58EE5F26CDFC6E5E8">Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4667980EA194BA4253DD8AB3DF4BA9F0">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7568140AA4CA466E1EF35D49A2389EBB">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8AB79897447F9E8F16991013048F79CC">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="99BB0888B753368C2C407C356C46FD6B">2006-04-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2153273AC7CF2B816AA867975B5C8E09">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D4C6CA968C2CABB1E2FE6698A9CB521D" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930600621601</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B1391EBBD02840EC15DB9F88E994DDB" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="011D87C1FFFDCD4D1FC5FDC9E3BFFC32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011D87C1FFFDCD4D1FC5FDC9E3BFFC32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/011D87C1FFFDCD4D1FC5FDC9E3BFFC32" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFFDCD4C1FC5FDC9E164FD2A" box="[454,790,622,646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1FC5FDC9E164FD2A" blockId="14.[454,790,622,679]" box="[454,790,622,646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<heading id="D24381BBFFFDCD4C1FC5FDC9E164FD2A" box="[454,790,622,646]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFDCD4C1FC5FDC9E0C3FD2A" ID-CoL="5Z9FS" authority="Kott, 2006" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2006" box="[454,689,622,646]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFDCD4C1FC5FDC9E0C3FD2A" bold="true" box="[454,689,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Clavelina simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0F357BEFFFDCD4C1CBAFDC9E164FD2A" box="[697,790,622,646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFFDCD4C1C11FD28E0CDFD0B" box="[530,703,655,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1C11FD28E0CDFD0B" blockId="14.[454,790,622,679]" box="[530,703,655,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
(
<figureCitation id="118F2A52FFFDCD4C1C19FD28E0C4FD0B" box="[538,694,655,679]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="11.[138,198,1583,1602]" captionTargetBox="[216,1106,675,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-163@11.[214,1108,674,1548]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 1. (A–C) Rhopalaea meridionalis: (A, C) holotype QM G308821; (B) paratype QM G308825). (A) Whole zooid (in the test, showing position of gut loop); (B) thorax; (C) abdomen. (D, E) Clavelina simplex sp. nov. (QM G308824, syntype): (D) colony; (E) branching vascular stolons with terminal ampullae. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, C, D); 1 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232433/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Figure 1D, E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFFDCD4C1E7EFD47E3D8FCE5" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFD47E28FFD54" blockId="14.[125,253,736,760]" box="[125,253,736,760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFDCD4C1E7EFD47E28FFD54" box="[125,253,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFCB5E3D8FCE5" blockId="14.[125,1172,785,841]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFDCD4C1E7EFCB5E37DFC85" box="[125,271,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="39DC3C8AFFFDCD4C1F1FFCB6E3D4FCE5" collectingDate="2004-04-25" collectionCode="QM" elevation="168" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="G308824" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
Tasmanian Canyons (Banks Strait,
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFFDCD4C1CB5FCB6E172FC85" box="[694,768,785,809]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="168.0">
<elevation id="0299D1E4FFFDCD4C1CB5FCB6E172FC85" box="[694,768,785,809]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="168.0">168 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FD0A1017FFFDCD4C1D08FCB6E1DCFC85" box="[779,942,785,809]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" value="2004-04-25">
<collectingDate id="ED4EE9FFFFFDCD4C1D08FCB6E1DCFC85" box="[779,942,785,809]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" value="2004-04-25">25 April 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, Sherman sled,
<specimenCount id="9FB2FD5EFFFDCD4C1A67FCB6E291FCE5" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">four syntypes</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="EFA5AE12FFFDCD4C1EF3FC96E352FCE5" box="[240,288,817,841]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="D9129EACFFFDCD4C1F29FC96E3ECFCE5" box="[298,414,817,841]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="Museum">G308824</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFFDCD4C1E7EFC25E1F8FB43" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFC25E287FC36" blockId="14.[125,245,898,922]" box="[125,245,898,922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFDCD4C1E7EFC25E287FC36" box="[125,245,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFC14E1F8FB43" blockId="14.[125,1172,947,1263]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
Colonies are short, rather stumpy cylinders, upright, up to
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFFDCD4C1D2EFC14E111FC67" box="[813,867,947,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFFDCD4C1DDAFC14E654FC67" box="[985,1062,947,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
diameter with the upper end rounded. The upper half to two-thirds of the colony is naked and transparent and the lower third to half is slightly translucent and has particles of sand and shell adhering to it. The base of the colony is irregular and has some sand attached to it. Up to 10 zooids are in each colony and open in what appears to be a circle around the upper surface. The test is darkly pigmented around the apertures. Conspicuous clusters of terminal ampullae of the fine-branching vascular stolons are in the test around the periphery of the lower two-thirds of the colony. The
<typeStatus id="560F8875FFFDCD4C1CD8FB31E17EFB02" box="[731,780,1174,1198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
material is crushed and mutilated and details of the zooid morphology are obscure. The branchial aperture is terminal and the atrial aperture is sub-terminal. Juvenile gonads are in the gut loop.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFFDCD4D1E7EFA80E3BFFC32" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFA80E2AEFA93" blockId="14.[125,220,1319,1343]" box="[125,220,1319,1343]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFDCD4C1E7EFA80E2AEFA93" box="[125,220,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4C1E7EFAFFE050F9BE" blockId="14.[125,1172,1368,1684]" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
Although the zooids in the present colonies are not well preserved and few adult organs are distinguishable, the species is readily recognised as belonging to this family
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFDCD4C1DE1FADEE603FA3D" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Hanley" authorityYear="1848" box="[994,1137,1401,1425]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clavelinidae</taxonomicName>
by the conspicuous clusters of crowded terminal ampullae and prolific branches of the test vessels that are known to be the site of replication.
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFDCD4C1CD3FA1EE111FA7D" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Hanley" authorityYear="1848" box="[720,867,1465,1489]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clavelinidae</taxonomicName>
, an aplousobranch family, is separated from others by its unique method of vegetative replication—budding in terminal ampullae of the test vessel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFDCD4D1E9BF9BCE0B7FEAC" blockId="14.[125,1172,1368,1684]" lastBlockId="15.[138,1185,136,926]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="14" pageNumber="182">
The new species is distinguished from others in the genus by its very simple colony with a circle of relatively short zooids around the top of each independent vertical lobe and by the profusion of terminal ampullae of test vessels that crowd the central test in the thick, cylindrical stalk behind the zooids. In its short zooids it most resembles the indigenous southern Australian species
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1FD3FF2FE0DBFF0C" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[464,681,136,160]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1FD3FF2FE0DBFF0C" box="[464,681,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also has a large number of terminal ampullae.
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1F07FF0FE3ACFF6C" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[260,478,168,192]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1F07FF0FE3ACFF6C" box="[260,478,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a commonly encountered species in temperate Australian waters (Cockburn Sound to Bowen;
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFFCCD4D1C2CFF6FE0C6FF4C" author="Kott P" box="[559,692,200,224]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref28280" refString="Kott P. 1990 a. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 2, Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29: 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990a</bibRefCitation>
) but its zooids are only partially embedded clearly distinguishing it from the present species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFCCD4D1EA6FEAFE376FDF3" blockId="15.[138,1185,136,926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">
In his notes on
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1F5AFEAFE0DAFE8C" authority=", Caullery (1909)" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1909" box="[345,680,264,288]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Distomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Distomidae,
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFFCCD4D1FEDFEAFE0DAFE8C" author="Caullery M" box="[494,680,264,288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref27522" refString="Caullery M. 1909. Recherches sur la famille des Distomidae. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 42: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1909">Caullery (1909)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reported on a specimen from Western Port collected by Quoy and Gaimard that resembled
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1CB6FE8FE2B7FECC" authority="Quoy and Gaimard, 1834" authorityName="Quoy and Gaimard" authorityYear="1834" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1CB6FE8FE1C3FEEC" box="[693,945,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Polyclinum cylindricum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFFCCD4D1DBBFE8FE2B7FECC" author="Quoy J &amp; Gaimard P" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" pagination="559 - 626" refId="ref29589" refString="Quoy J, Gaimard P. 1834. Mollusques. In: Voyages de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe 1826 - 29. Zoologie 3: 559 - 626." type="journal article" year="1834">Quoy and Gaimard, 1834</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(&lt;
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1EF3FEEFE3B9FECC" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[240,459,328,352]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1EF3FEEFE3B9FECC" box="[240,459,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and had terminal ampullae of the test vessels that resemble those found in the present species. He assigned it to
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1CE1FEC0E62DFED3" authority="Macdonald, 1858" authorityName="Macdonald" authorityYear="1858" box="[738,1119,359,383]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Chondrostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1CE1FEC0E1F9FED3" box="[738,907,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Chondrostachys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFFCCD4D1D91FEC0E62DFED3" author="Macdonald JD" box="[914,1119,359,383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" pagination="401" refId="ref28818" refString="Macdonald JD. 1858. Anatomical observations on a new form of compound tunicata (Chondrostachys). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) 1: 401." type="journal article" year="1858">Macdonald, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="560F8875FFFCCD4D1A6EFEC0E6D2FED3" box="[1133,1184,359,383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1EE5FE20E059FE33" authority="Bronn, 1862" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1862" box="[230,555,391,415]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Chondrostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macdonaldi">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1EE5FE20E3FAFE33" box="[230,392,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. macdonaldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFFCCD4D1F97FE20E059FE33" author="Bronn HG" box="[404,555,391,415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" pagination="103 - 223" refId="ref27359" refString="Bronn HG. 1862. Weichthiere. In: Die Klassen und Ordnungen des ThierReichs. Volume 3 (1). Leipzig: C. F. Winter. p 103 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1862">Bronn, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Bass Strait), a genus of the
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1DCFFE20E62DFE33" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Hanley" authorityYear="1848" box="[972,1119,391,415]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clavelinidae</taxonomicName>
, with relatively few longitudinal muscles, triradial adhesive organs, the anal opening near the atrial aperture and buds forming in the terminal ampullae of test vessels. (It had been noted in a footnote to Macdonald’s paper by the editor of the journal
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1D89FE40E331FDB3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Annals and Magazine of Natural History</emphasis>
(1858) that
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1FF7FDA0E0EFFDB3" authorityName="Macdonald" authorityYear="1858" box="[500,669,519,543]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Chondrostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1FF7FDA0E0EFFDB3" box="[500,669,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Chondrostachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembled the
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1D6DFDA0E18FFDB3" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Hanley" authorityYear="1848" box="[878,1021,519,543]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clavelinidae</taxonomicName>
closely; and subsequently
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1F28FD80E028FD93" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1862" box="[299,602,551,575]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Chondrostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macdonaldi">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1F28FD80E028FD93" box="[299,602,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Chondrostachys macdonaldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recognised as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1A3BFD80E280FDF3" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1A3BFD80E280FDF3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFFCCD4D1EA6FDC0E3BFFC32" blockId="15.[138,1185,136,926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1F24FDC0E3E2FDD3" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[295,400,615,639]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1F24FDC0E3E2FDD3" box="[295,400,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well represented in the temperate ascidian fauna of
<collectingCountry id="F1A37647FFFCCD4D1A05FDC0E61CFDD3" box="[1030,1134,615,639]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Australia</collectingCountry>
and world-wide by a number of colonial species with partially embedded zooids (
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1A0EFD20E6EBFD33" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1037,1177,647,671]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1A0EFD20E6EBFD33" box="[1037,1177,647,671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1E89FD00E37AFD13" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1899" box="[138,264,679,703]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1E89FD00E37AFD13" box="[138,264,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1F1AFD00E3CBFD13" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[281,441,679,703]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moluccensis">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1F1AFD00E3CBFD13" box="[281,441,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. moluccensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1FCAFD00E0C0FD13" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[457,690,679,703]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudobaudinensis">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1FCAFD00E0C0FD13" box="[457,690,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. pseudobaudinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), some with completely embedded zooids (
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1E97FD61E341FD72" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1957" box="[148,307,710,734]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baudinensis">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1E97FD61E341FD72" box="[148,307,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. baudinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a few solitary or almost solitary ones (
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1D33FD61E19EFD72" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[816,1004,710,734]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dagysa">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1D33FD61E19EFD72" box="[816,1004,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Clavelina dagysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1DF8FD61E6FDFD72" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1019,1167,710,734]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostrearium">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1DF8FD61E6FDFD72" box="[1019,1167,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">C. ostrearium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). One other monotypic genus of the family,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1CA7FD41E166FD52" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[676,788,742,766]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Euclavella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1CA7FD41E166FD52" box="[676,788,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Euclavella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1D2EFD40E1B8FD52" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[813,970,742,766]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Pseudodiazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="claviformis">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFFCCD4D1D2EFD40E1B8FD52" box="[813,970,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">E. claviformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with completely embedded zooids, also is known from temperate waters of
<collectingCountry id="F1A37647FFFCCD4D1D52FCA1E1CAFCB2" box="[849,952,774,798]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F1A37647FFFCCD4D1DF9FCA1E6EFFCB2" box="[1018,1181,774,798]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="183">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFFCCD4D1E89FC81E36BFC92" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Hanley" authorityYear="1848" box="[138,281,806,830]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clavelinidae</taxonomicName>
is not represented in the sub-Antarctic or Antarctic and its diversity in temperate Australian waters may be the result of isolation from the tropical fauna. The presence of this new species in the southern Ocean may also be a result of its isolation from a related temperate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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