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<document id="20DFABAD86E5B4F8D95CA6167A747A41" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930600621601" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232431" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629452529763" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2006" docId="011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.40.3-4.169-234.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 40 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600621601" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synoicum citrum Kott 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FD24FFB9FFF3CD421E03FFA7E272FFAC" masterDocTitle="Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1)" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="197" updateTime="1699073750233" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="017D012F979B13A631E7885015296984" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BEAF2DA0F130D856F552F3401A3A7AA6">
<mods:title id="2712CBE6408C92A8B319CB27998B51B9">Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BE07DE1D7BCC978CDB751632249DB9D5" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7F6786D61DCC56BD40873B1B1597EE45">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7CFBEC30C82805217C15D6775832CBD0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="ED5950A53F56098173489698F2E23EB3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="DF74E7DCD6B09ECB19B4C9559BC252E5">
<mods:title id="AC118BE08007A875CB2CDFE867D9E947">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9E52D6995961084A66917EC833A8BBEB">
<mods:date id="C87673C257B03B6EF33F81967ECF954E">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2A55A331D81F7118852F650C4413442B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B6635955BAC44DE1AF3B230F842999EC">2006-04-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D1446A4A6ADA56B496342F37CF12CDD1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9F37B1F0E1DD8EBBA2AEEC8C14FCF358">40</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D1F139CE44182BC3E2AAA7366CDBCE87" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B095F3CD2E8F650C6794D7614C403513">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E05B11D02A8A3266B95DEBABDB8DC22B">169</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="1AD11E8F2F26E0525A72A6756919BD15">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600621601</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="0FF02590FAEE73E8922232E767801BFB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EC412F87A244B0CF965FE4EB78EF6863" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930600621601</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1524920D98499A24FD123AB73D86FEFC" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="63AFD5CBDBD5652CEFB67D09DDCC0C88" type="Zenodo-Dep">5232431</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5F1FCAFE07E147FE14" box="[457,821,416,440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1FCAFE07E147FE14" blockId="29.[138,821,416,504]" box="[457,821,416,440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1FCAFE07E147FE14" ID-CoL="53XY7" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[457,821,416,440]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrum">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1FCAFE07E0D9FE14" bold="true" box="[457,683,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Synoicum citrum</emphasis>
Kott, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5F1FFDFE67E095FE74" box="[510,743,448,472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="description">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1FFDFE67E095FE74" blockId="29.[138,821,416,504]" box="[510,743,448,472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
(
<figureCitation id="118F2A52FFEECD5F1C05FE67E0D8FE74" box="[518,682,448,472]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="30.[125,185,1458,1477]" captionTargetBox="[170,1126,134,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-47@30.[170,1128,133,1422]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 4. (A–C) Synoicum citrum (holotype SAM E3287): (A) colony; (B) thorax showing branchial sac; (C) whole zooid showing longitudinal muscles. (D–F) Synoicum sphinctorum (holotype SAM E3283): (D) colony; (E) thorax; (F) abdomen and posterior abdomen. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E, F); 2 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232441/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Figures 4A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="118F2A52FFEECD5F1CBBFE67E0ADFE74" box="[696,735,448,472]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="60.[125,185,1584,1603]" captionTargetBox="[166,1131,127,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-1@60.[166,1132,127,1548]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Figure 9. In situ images of: (A) Pseudodistoma gracile (SAM E3270); (B) Pseudodistoma inflatum (SAM E3297); (C) Pseudodistoma pilatum (SAM E3296); (D) Polyclinum incrustatum (SAM E3274); (E) Polyclinum marsupiale (SAM E2866); (F) Aplidiopsis confluata (SAM E3281); (G) Aplidiopsis confluata (SAM E3282); (H) Synoicum citrum (SAM E3277)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232451/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">9H</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5F1E89FE47E058FE54" box="[138,554,480,504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FE47E058FE54" blockId="29.[138,821,416,504]" box="[138,554,480,504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A9A411F9FFEECD5F1E89FE47E058FE54" box="[138,554,480,504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<treatmentCitation id="081510C6FFEECD5F1E89FE47E054FE54" author="Kott P" box="[138,550,480,504]" page="486" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1E89FE47E054FE54" ID-CoL="53XY7" authority="Kott 1992 a, p 486" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="486" authorityYear="1992" box="[138,550,480,504]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrum">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1E89FE47E331FE54" box="[138,323,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Synoicum citrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFEECD5F1F4FFE47E3A7FE54" author="Kott P" box="[332,469,480,504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref28335" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, Pt 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32: 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott 1992a</bibRefCitation>
, p 486
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5F1E89FD97E065FD7B" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FD97E379FDE4" blockId="29.[138,267,560,584]" box="[138,267,560,584]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1E89FD97E379FDE4" box="[138,267,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FDC7E065FD7B" blockId="29.[138,1185,608,727]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
Previously recorded (see
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFEECD5F1FC4FDC7E02BFDD4" author="Kott P" box="[455,601,608,632]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref28335" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, Pt 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32: 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott 1992a</bibRefCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="4B70F835FFEECD5F1C75FDC7E146FDD4" box="[630,820,608,632]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<location id="8C6B600CFFEECD5F1D4FFDC7E65AFDD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC:8C6B600CFFEECD5F1D4FFDC7E65AFDD4" box="[844,1064,608,632]" name="Port MacDonnell" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="South Australia">Port MacDonnell</location>
);
<collectingRegion id="4B70F835FFEECD5F1A46FDC7E6D3FDD4" box="[1093,1185,608,632]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Victoria</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="24415301FFEECD5F1E91FD27E3E4FD34" box="[146,406,640,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Wilson’s Promontory</collectorName>
);
<collectingRegion id="4B70F835FFEECD5F1FACFD27E053FD34" box="[431,545,640,664]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="24415301FFEECD5F1C35FD27E11EFD34" box="[566,876,640,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">D’Entrecasteaux Channel</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="24415301FFEECD5F1D7EFD27E196FD34" box="[893,996,640,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Bruny I.</collectorName>
). New records:
<materialsCitation id="39DC3C8AFFEECD5F1E89FD07E662FD14" box="[138,1040,672,696]" collectionCode="SAM, E" elevation="11" location="Kangaroo I" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" specimenCode="SAM E3277, E3287" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
<collectingRegion id="4B70F835FFEECD5F1E89FD07E335FD14" box="[138,327,672,696]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<location id="8C6B600CFFEECD5F1F5DFD07E382FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC:8C6B600CFFEECD5F1F5DFD07E382FD14" box="[350,496,672,696]" name="Kangaroo I" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="South Australia">Kangaroo I</location>
.,
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFEECD5F1C09FD07E003FD14" box="[522,625,672,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="0299D1E4FFEECD5F1C09FD07E003FD14" box="[522,625,672,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCode id="D9129EACFFEECD5F1C86FD07E150FD14" box="[645,802,672,696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">SAM E3277</specimenCode>
;
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFEECD5F1D35FD07E1EFFD14" box="[822,925,672,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="0299D1E4FFEECD5F1D35FD07E1EFFD14" box="[822,925,672,696]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCode id="D9129EACFFEECD5F1DB2FD07E671FD14" box="[945,1027,672,696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">E3287</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="39DC3C8AFFEECD5F1A1CFD07E065FD7B" elevation="159" location="Big Horseshoe" municipality="Tasmanian Canyons" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="696FACADFFEECD5F1A1CFD07E29DFD7B" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Tasmanian Canyons</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8C6B600CFFEECD5F1F02FD18E3C3FD7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:011D87C1FFEECD5D1FCAFE07E003FEAC:8C6B600CFFEECD5F1F02FD18E3C3FD7B" box="[257,433,703,727]" municipality="Tasmanian Canyons" name="Big Horseshoe" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Big Horseshoe</location>
,
<quantity id="4E4C9B32FFEECD5F1FBDFD18E078FD7B" box="[446,522,703,727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="159.0">
<elevation id="0299D1E4FFEECD5F1FBDFD18E078FD7B" box="[446,522,703,727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="159.0">159 m</elevation>
</quantity>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5F1E89FCA8E3F6FAFA" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="description">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FCA8E371FC8B" blockId="29.[138,259,783,807]" box="[138,259,783,807]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1E89FCA8E371FC8B" box="[138,259,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FCE7E3F6FAFA" blockId="29.[138,1185,832,1366]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
Colonies are soft, rounded translucent cushions with whitish zooids in small circular systems showing through the translucent test and a slightly lobed surface. Zooids are crowded and although the circular systems that
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFEECD5F1CADFCD8E137FC3B" author="Kott P" box="[686,837,895,919]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref28335" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, Pt 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32: 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
thought would be present can be seen in the
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1F53FC38E3E9FC1B" box="[336,411,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">in situ</emphasis>
photographs, they were not always detected in the preserved specimens. Zooids have atrial apertures produced on short siphons, each with a large forked lip from the anterior rim of the opening. Fine longitudinal muscles are in the pallial wall of the thorax and continue in an inconspicuous band along each side of the abdomen and the posterior abdomen. The branchial sac has four pairs of rows of about 18 stigmata per half row, apparently formed by the transverse subdivision of four primary rows, the stigmata at the ventral end of each pair of rows being reduced in length to leave a triangular imperforate area of pharyngeal wall between successive pairs of rows. The large smoothwalled barrel-shaped stomach is halfway down the relatively short abdomen which contains the vertical gut loop. The anal opening, between the third and fourth secondary rows of stigmata, is bilabiate. Gonads were not detected in this specimen. However, there is a stout, contracted posterior abdomen containing a conspicuous tightly undulating (presumably epicardial) tube. A V-shaped tubular heart is at the posterior end of the posterior abdominal extension.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1AE655CFFEECD5D1E89FA29E003FEAC" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5F1E89FA29E29BFA0A" blockId="29.[138,233,1422,1446]" box="[138,233,1422,1446]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1E89FA29E29BFA0A" box="[138,233,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEECD5D1E89FA19E6D3FF6C" blockId="29.[138,1185,1470,1685]" lastBlockId="31.[138,1185,136,256]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">
The colony resembles
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1FA7FA19E012FA7A" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[420,608,1470,1494]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1FA7FA19E012FA7A" box="[420,608,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Distaplia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the zooids (especially the paired rows of stigmata and the presence of the epicardial tube in the posterior abdomen) are not unlike those of
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1EEDFA5AE3FBF9B9" box="[238,393,1533,1557]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1EEDFA5AE323F9B9" box="[238,337,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Distaplia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
However, in other characters, the present species appears to belong to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1F21F9BAE3FFF999" authorityName="Phipps" authorityYear="1774" box="[290,397,1565,1589]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEECD5F1F21F9BAE3FFF999" box="[290,397,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="197">Synoicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the family
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1C33F9BAE0C4F999" box="[560,694,1565,1589]" family="Poyclinidae" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" rank="family">Poyclinidae</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFEECD5F1CF7F9BAE10DF999" author="Kott P" box="[756,895,1565,1589]" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref28335" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, Pt 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32: 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott 1992a</bibRefCitation>
). In the latter family and related families, as in the present species (but not in the
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEECD5F1D15F99AE1D2F9F9" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1950" box="[790,928,1597,1621]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Holozoidae</taxonomicName>
), muscles continue on to the posterior abdomen which has the heart at its posterior extremity, the gut loop is vertical, the atrial aperture is small and usually does not expose the branchial sac directly to the common cloacal cavity.
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEDCD5C1FC4F99FE053F9FC" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[455,545,1592,1616]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Sigillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEDCD5C1FC4F99FE053F9FC" box="[455,545,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="198">Sigillina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has an epicardial tube in the posterior abdomen and has body muscles on it, but it has only three rows of stigmata and its apertures open separately to the exterior. Further, although the larva of the present species is not known,
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFECCD5D1E89FF2FE287FF0C" authorityName="Phipps" authorityYear="1774" box="[138,245,136,160]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="31" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFECCD5D1E89FF2FE287FF0C" box="[138,245,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="199">Synoicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from both
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFECCD5D1C39FF2FE0CDFF0C" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1950" box="[570,703,136,160]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="31" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Holozoidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFECCD5D1CF8FF2FE127FF0C" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[763,853,136,160]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Sigillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="31" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFECCD5D1CF8FF2FE127FF0C" box="[763,853,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="199">Sigillina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larva which has small adhesive organs in the antero-median line and characteristic polyclinid epidermal vesicles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DDCB665FFFEDCD5C1E7EFA15E622FA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5232441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5232441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5232441/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="198" startId="30.[125,185,1458,1477]" targetBox="[170,1126,134,1420]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFEDCD5C1E7EFA15E622FA56" blockId="30.[125,1173,1458,1530]" pageId="30" pageNumber="198">
Figure 4. (A–C)
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEDCD5C1F29FA15E3B0FA69" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[298,450,1458,1477]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrum">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEDCD5C1F29FA15E3B0FA69" box="[298,450,1458,1477]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="198">Synoicum citrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype SAM E3287): (A) colony; (B) thorax showing branchial sac; (C) whole zooid showing longitudinal muscles. (D–F)
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFEDCD5C1C74FA6BE149FA73" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2006" box="[631,827,1484,1503]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinctorum">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFEDCD5C1C74FA6BE149FA73" box="[631,827,1484,1503]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="198">Synoicum sphinctorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype SAM E3283): (D) colony; (E) thorax; (F) abdomen and posterior abdomen. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E, F); 2 mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="890B36D7FFECCD5D1EA6FF6FE003FEAC" blockId="31.[138,1185,136,256]" pageId="31" pageNumber="199">
<taxonomicName id="4EB44D54FFECCD5D1EA6FF6FE049FF4C" authority="Millar, 1963" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1963" box="[165,571,200,224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="31" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowerbanki">
<emphasis id="BBC0EAC5FFECCD5D1EA6FF6FE3EAFF4C" box="[165,408,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="199">Synoicum bowerbanki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED254B26FFECCD5D1FA7FF6FE049FF4C" author="Millar RH" box="[420,571,200,224]" pageId="31" pageNumber="199" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref29072" refString="Millar RH. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoology Society of London 141: 689 - 746." type="journal article" year="1963">Millar, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has only four rows of stigmata, but these are not divided as they are in the present species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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