1179 lines
76 KiB
XML
1179 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143693901" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. & Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia rubescens Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
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</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>252</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143693901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="00753CDC-AF0C-26D6-ABED-03782BE73ACD" authority="Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." authorityName="Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">Xylopia rubescens Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 30. 1868.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Xylopia rubescens. A Habit with fruit B Inner petal, adaxial surface C Outer petal, adaxial surface D, E Stamens, abaxial view F Staminode, abaxial view G Stigma apex H Inflorescence I Seed, longitudinal view. A from Brenan et al. 8022 (K), B-H from Angus 870 (MO) I from Breteler et al. 10446 (WAG, spirit collection)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199096" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopicrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopicrum rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">Xylopicrum rubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891. Type. NIGERIA ["Upper Guinea"]. Rivers, Old Calabar, s. d.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">W. C. Thomson 53</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: K! [000199073]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pierre ex Engler & Diels" authorityYear="1901" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaineana">Xylopia klaineana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pierre ex Engler & Diels, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 59-60. 1901.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens subsp. var. var. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="rubescens" subSpecies="var." variety="klaineana">Xylopia rubescens Oliver var. klaineana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Engler & Diels) Pellegrin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mém">Mem</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 31: 70. 1949. Type. GABON. Without definite locality, Oct 1898,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T.-J. Klaine 1327</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: P! [00169139]; isotypes: B! [100154150], P! [00169138]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engler & Diels" authorityYear="1901" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia humilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Xylopia humilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Engler & Diels, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 60 + t. 21B, a-f. 1901. Type. LIBERIA [
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oberguinea”">"Oberguinea"</normalizedToken>
|
||
]. Grand Bassa County, Fishtown bei Granbassa, 27 Aug 1898,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M. Dinklage 2006</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, here designated: B! [10 0154147]; isotypes: A! [00061927, 00062417], B! [100154145, 100154146, 1001541480], K! [000199074, 000199075, 000199076]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia batesii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batesii">Xylopia batesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Engler & Diels, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 62. 1901. Type. CAMEROON or GABON. Angom, 70 engl. Meilen
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="östlich">oestlich</normalizedToken>
|
||
von Gabun, Oct 1896 [29 Oct 1897 on P sheet],
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G. L. Bates 561</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: K! [000199058]; isotypes: BM! [000510769], G! [00190711], P! [00169131, 00169132]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wildeman" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia butayei" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="butayei">Xylopia butayei</taxonomicName>
|
||
De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 4, Bot. 1: 33. 1902. Type. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. Kongo Central, Malela (Bas-Congo),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">R. P. Butaye, coll. J. Gillet 2239</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: BR!; isotype: BR! [0000008825391]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. & Diels" authorityYear="1907" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia zenkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zenkeri">Xylopia zenkeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Engler & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 480. 1907. Type. CAMEROON. South Province, bei Bipindi unweit Mimfia im Urwald, Mar 1904,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G. A. Zenker 2827</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype B! [100154149]; isotypes: BM! [000511041], G! [00190712, 00190713], GOET! [005735], HBG! [502474], K! [000199060], L! [0196246], M! [0107919], P! S! [07-13458], WAG! [0065882], WU! [0025792]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Exell" authorityYear="1926" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gossweileri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gossweileri">Xylopia gossweileri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Exell, J. Bot. 64: Suppl. 6. 1926. Type. ANGOLA ["Portuguese Congo"]. Cabinda Province, Cabinda, Pango Munga, Mayumbe, s. d.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">J. Gossweiler 6222</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: BM! [000511046], photos at GH, MO, NY).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tree</emphasis>
|
||
up to 25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 70 cm, rarely described as a shrub or liana, bole straight, cylindrical, usually with stilt roots arising from the trunk up to a height of 2 m, short secondary branches forming a narrow crown; bark white, pale yellowish brown, or light gray, smooth.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Twigs</emphasis>
|
||
brown to gray, eventually whitish gray, initially appressed golden-pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long, but soon glabrate; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leaf</emphasis>
|
||
with larger blades 7.3-21.3 cm long, 3.6-8.4 cm wide, subcoriaceous, occasionally chartaceous, strongly discolorous, olive-green adaxially, rusty or orange-brown abaxially, rarely concolorous, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, apex short-acuminate or cuspidate, the acumen or cusp 2-15 mm long, occasionally acute or rounded, base cuneate to occasionally rounded and decurrent on petiole, glabrous adaxially, finely appressed-pubescent abaxially, rarely glabrous; midrib impressed to plane adaxially, raised and usually formed into a sharp keel distal to the midpoint abaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 8-16 per side, diverging at 45-70° from the midrib, slightly raised adaxially and abaxially, higher-order veins
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">forming</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a conspicuous reticulum that is distinctly raised on both surfaces, rarely indistinct; petiole 5.4-12 mm long, canaliculate, sparsely appressed-pubescent to glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
axillary, usually from the axils of fallen leaves, 1-3 flowered, pubescent;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">peduncles</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1 per axil, 1.5-2.5 mm long; pedicels 1-3 per peduncle, 3.5-8.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm thick; bracts (2) 3-5, evenly spaced up to 1/2-2/3 distance from base, persistent, uppermost 1.1-2.9 mm long, ovate, apex obtuse; buds linear-subulate to linear-lanceolate, occasionally falciform, apex acute, occasionally uncinate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
spreading at anthesis, nearly free to 1/3-connate, 2.2-4.2 mm long, 3.0-3.5 mm wide, coriaceous, ovate to broadly triangular, apex acute, sericeous abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
yellow, yellow-orange, or caramel-colored, the inner petals red except for the cream to yellow base and apex
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
; outer petals erect or slightly spreading at anthesis, 17.6-35 mm long, 2.5-5.1 mm wide at base, 1.3-3.4 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, linear, apex acute, appressed-pubescent adaxially but with a glabrous patch at base, appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals erect at anthesis, 3.5-6.7 mm long, 2.2-4.6 mm wide, fleshy, rhombic to ovate, apex acuminate, the acumen 1.4-3.1 mm long, base with undifferentiated margin, pubescent on acumen and glabrous toward base adaxially, keeled and pubescent in distal half to either side of the keel abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
70-77; fertile stamens 1.6-2.2 mm long, quadrate, oblong, or clavate, apex of connective 0.4-0.7 mm long, shieldlike, overhanging anther thecae, puberulent or papillate, anthers 6-8-locellate, filament 0.3-0.9 mm long; outer staminodes 1.2-2.5 mm long, oblong-pentagonal, oblong, or ovate, apex obtuse; inner staminodes 1.1-1.3 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex obtuse to truncate; staminal cone 2.1-2.4 mm in diameter, 0.3-0.8 mm high, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Carpels</emphasis>
|
||
(4-) 7-12; ovaries 1.0-2.1 mm long, narrowly oblong, golden-tomentose, stigmas loosely connivent, 1.4-2.9 mm long, linear, bearing glandular appendages.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Torus</emphasis>
|
||
flat, 2.3-3.0 mm in diameter.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
of up to 15 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 9-15 mm long, 2.2-7 mm thick, glabrate; torus 6-14 mm in diameter, 5-10 mm high, subglobose to globose.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Monocarps</emphasis>
|
||
with black or dark purple exterior and pink to scarlet endocarp
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, 4.1-16.3 cm long, 0.6-1.2 cm wide, 0.6-1.1 cm thick, narrowly oblong, torulose to moniliform, somewhat falcate, apex rounded to a distinct beak up to 5 mm long, base contracted into a stipe 4-20 mm long, 2-6 mm thick, obliquely wrinkled, finely verrucose; pericarp 0.6-1.0 (2.0) mm thick.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
1-7 per monocarp, in a single row, lying parallel to long axis, 9.5-19.8 mm long, 5.5-10.7 mm wide, 5.5-9.8 mm thick, oblong-ellipsoid, circular in cross-section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, reddish brown to brownish black, smooth or slightly wrinkled, shiny, raphe/antriraphe raised, less distinct around chalazal end, micropylar scar 1.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, ovate; sarcotesta absent; aril orange to red
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, light brown when dried, brushlike, 5.5-9 mm in diameter, 3.9-4 mm high, fleshy, granular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Specimens with flowers have been collected from all months of the year except December, although flowering appears more limited for specimens from the northeastern (February, May, and July) and southeastern (June, August-November) areas of the distribution, perhaps in relation to the more restricted seasonal rainfall patterns of these areas compared to the coast. Similarly, collections have been gathered from the coastal localities with fruits in February, May-June, August, and October-November, but only from November in the northeast, and May and August-October in the southeast.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239287" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199096" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habit with fruit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
Inner petal, adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
Outer petal, adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens, abaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
|
||
Staminode, abaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
Stigma apex
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">I</emphasis>
|
||
Seed, longitudinal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Brenan et al. 8022</emphasis>
|
||
(K),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B-H</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Angus 870</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">I</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Breteler et al. 10446</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG, spirit collection).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution of Xylopia rubescens. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199097" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occurs from Guinea and Liberia in West Africa east to South Sudan and south to Angola, Zambia, and Mozambique at elevations from sea level up to 1690 m. This species occurs in a range of wetland habitats, including gallery and other riparian forests, swamp forest,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Raphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
swamps, and pond edges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="local names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Local names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fondé">Fonde</normalizedToken>
|
||
de marais (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
|
||
1511
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="fondé">fonde</normalizedToken>
|
||
des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivières">rivieres</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fula-bifum (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bates 561</emphasis>
|
||
), iyere (Kakwa,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myers 13598</emphasis>
|
||
), mabama (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gossweiler 8957, Gossweiler s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
), majindi (Banda,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tisserant 1885</emphasis>
|
||
), mbowobowo (Kimatengo,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ruffo & Kisena 3235</emphasis>
|
||
), mtua (Pahouin du Gabon,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fleury 33135</emphasis>
|
||
), mut (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gossweiler 8747</emphasis>
|
||
), muyombo (Kiluba de Kabongo,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Schmitz 5771</emphasis>
|
||
), mwengele (Wemba,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Brenan & Greenway 8022</emphasis>
|
||
, Kiswahili or Kirungu,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hopper 1</emphasis>
|
||
), nitumbo (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gossweiler 8747</emphasis>
|
||
), ntom (Ntomou,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Focho, DA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" pagination="2148 - 2158" refId="B56" refString="Focho, DA, Egbe, EG, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4 (20): 2148 - 2158" title="An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon." volume="4" year="2010">Focho et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ntua (Pahouin de Gabon,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fleury 33135</emphasis>
|
||
), odjobi (Ntoumou,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Focho, DA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" pagination="2148 - 2158" refId="B56" refString="Focho, DA, Egbe, EG, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4 (20): 2148 - 2158" title="An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon." volume="4" year="2010">Focho et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé-boulou">Yaounde-boulou</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Letouzey 1611</emphasis>
|
||
), odjobi nzam (Cameroon,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Focho, DA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" pagination="2148 - 2158" refId="B56" refString="Focho, DA, Egbe, EG, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4 (20): 2148 - 2158" title="An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon." volume="4" year="2010">Focho et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="odzobé">odzobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fleury 33135</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="odžǖ’ē">odzǖ'ē</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tessmann, G" journalOrPublisher="Fitoterapia" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B162" refString="Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A.-G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." title="Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A. - G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." year="1913">Tessmann 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ôjobi">ojobi</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bates 1317</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239289" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199097" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Guinea-Bissau">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Macenta, Soulakoto,
|
||
<date value="1949-08-10">10 Aug 1949</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Adam 5910</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Macenta,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tènèmadou">Tenemadou</normalizedToken>
|
||
<date value="1949-08-10">10 Aug 1949</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Adam 5911</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Macenta+Beyla Prefectures, Simandou Range,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="8.561389">8°33'41"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-8.885">8°53'06"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.68" unit="m" value="868.0">868 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2008-03-23">23 Mar 2008</date>
|
||
(fl buds),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tchinegue 3113</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Liberia">LIBERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Troh, Sangwin River drainage,
|
||
<date value="1948-05-06">6 May 1948</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mayer 150</emphasis>
|
||
(US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ivory Coast">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Route de Dabou, Marais de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Agnéby">l'Agneby</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1968-11-27">27 Nov 1968</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aké">Ake</normalizedToken>
|
||
Assi 10378
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Banco,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
|
||
1511
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, P); Assinie dans le Sanvi,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Chevalier 16321 bis</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Banco Forest Reserve,
|
||
<date value="1974-10-09">9 Oct 1974</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">de Koning 4070</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets),
|
||
<date value="1975-02-02">2 Feb 1975</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">de Koning 5296</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG),
|
||
<date value="1976-02-22">22 Feb 1976</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">6615</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, WAG-2 sheets);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
N of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Armébé">Armebe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Dabou, c.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.366667">5°22'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-4.3166666">4°19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1979-05-15">15 May 1979</date>
|
||
(fr on label),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">de Kruif E 20</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, along
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Agnéby">Agneby</normalizedToken>
|
||
R., not far from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Armébé">Armebe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Dabou,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.35">5°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-4.3333335">4°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1979-05-21">21 May 1979</date>
|
||
(yg fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">de Kruif 57</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ghana">GHANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">Ankasa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Forest Reserve, Mpatabo-Elubo Road,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Enti 890</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Atuabo Road near Chrisan,
|
||
<date value="1973-10-24">24 Oct 1973</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Enti & Awriah R1136</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Nigeria">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Prov. Calabar, Eket District, Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve,
|
||
<date value="1951-05-03">3 May 1951</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Amachi
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FHI24311">FHI 24311</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); "Southern Nigeria," without specific locality s. d. (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Kennedy 1960</emphasis>
|
||
(A, B, BM, K); Jamieson
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Nigeria" name="Rivers">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sapoba, 1935 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Kennedy 2752</emphasis>
|
||
(BM); without definite locality,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">van Meer 985</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG); S. Nigeria,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Thomewill s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Nigeria" name="Benue">Benue</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Nigeria" name="Plateau">Plateau</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Jos District,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Jos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.75">9°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="8.833333">8°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1972-02-03">3 Feb 1972</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Wit & Wit
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FHI64927">FHI 64927</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, WAG-2 sheets).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bitye, Yaunde, 1919 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bates 1317</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MO); environs de Duala,
|
||
<date value="1917-06">Jun 1917</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fleury 33135</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Vuneli,
|
||
<date value="1928-02-01">1 Feb 1928</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hedin 1668</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU, P); marecage du Niagoul entre Koumbou et Miambo,
|
||
<date value="1959-04-14">14 Apr 1959</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Letouzey 1611</emphasis>
|
||
(K-3 sheets, P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
Akok Bikele,
|
||
<date value="1962-03-03">3 Mar 1962</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Letouzey 4464</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); station du Cacaouer de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Koemvone">N'Koemvone</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
on the road from Ebolowa to Ambam,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.8166666">2°49'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.133333">11°08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1975-04-11">11 Apr 1975</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">de Wilde 8166</emphasis>
|
||
(B, BR, K, MO, P, WAG); Bipindi, Mimfia Bergen,
|
||
<date value="1903-01">Jan 1903</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Zenker s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(F, NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Central African Republic">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oubangui, reg. de Yango,
|
||
<date value="1920-03">Mar 1920</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Allouette s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Manovo-Gounda-St. Floris National Park,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="km" value="9.3">9.3 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Koumbala Pende confluence on Pende Creek,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.35">8°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.233334">21°14'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
|
||
<date value="1984-05-15">15 May 1984</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fay 6639</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Yalinga,
|
||
<date value="1922-07-15">15 Jul 1922</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Le Testu 3998</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, P); Waka, bassi[n?] riv. Dangava,
|
||
<date value="1925-05-10">10 May 1925</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tisserant 1885</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, BR, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Sudan">SOUTH SUDAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Equatoria, Yei, Libogo, Khor Ini,
|
||
<date value="1940-11-19">19 Nov 1940</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Myers 13586</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Libogo, Yei,
|
||
<date value="1940-11-27">27 Nov 1940</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Myers 13598</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">EQUATORIAL GUINEA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bioko: Malabo-Luba, Estrada km 46,
|
||
<date value="1986-11-03">3 Nov 1986</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Carvalho 2646</emphasis>
|
||
(B, BM, F, FI-T, K-2 sheets, MO, NY, WAG).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Muni: Nkolentangan [bei
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alén">Alen</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tessmann, G" journalOrPublisher="Fitoterapia" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B162" refString="Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A.-G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." title="Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A. - G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." year="1913">Tessmann 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], Span. Guinea-Nintod, Engong,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1908-02-24">24 Feb 1908</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tessmann 160</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">GABON</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="km" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5-15 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ndjolé">Ndjole</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Missanga,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">0°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="10.75">10°45'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1991-11-13">13 Nov 1991</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Breteler & Jongkind 10446</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets); Uboro sur le
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramboué">Ramboue</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Chevalier 27105</emphasis>
|
||
(P); environs de Libreville,
|
||
<date value="1898-11">Nov 1898</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Klaine 186</emphasis>
|
||
(OWU, P); Bitam, region entre
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
et Cameroun,
|
||
<date value="1933-03-09">9 Mar 1933</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Le Testu 9019</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, BR, OWU, P); Obour, region entre
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
||
et Cameroun,
|
||
<date value="1933-05-01">1 May 1933</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Le Testu 9095</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Republic of the Congo">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NE de Brazzaville, route des falaises de Douvres, village de Gamakala, mare
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
Sphaignes,
|
||
<date value="1960-06-22">22 Jun 1960</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Descoings 5904</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Marais du Djili,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Brazzaville (M.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Koechlin 5299</emphasis>
|
||
(P); champ de ter de Lifuola, mare de Gawa Kala,
|
||
<date value="1966-08-12">12 Aug 1966</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lissouba 22</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tourbière">Tourbiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Ngamakala,
|
||
<date value="1973-02-24">24 Feb 1973</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Makany 882</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Plateau des Cataractes,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="région">region</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Boko,
|
||
<date value="1963-08-04">4 Aug 1963</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">de Nere 404</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Route de Brazzaville,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêts">forets</normalizedToken>
|
||
du Mayumbe,
|
||
<date value="1891-01">Jan 1891</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Thollon 4026</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Equateur">Equateur</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Bamania [next to Mbandaka], 1930 or 1934 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lebrun 1246</emphasis>
|
||
(A, B, K).-Haut-Katanga: Left-hand side of Luapula R. to Fort Rosebery,
|
||
<date value="1947-10-05">5 Oct 1947</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Brenan & Greenway 8022</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, EA, K-2 sheets, NY, P); a
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="km" value="6.2">6.2 km</quantity>
|
||
au NNW du Post de Katshupa, Plateau de Kundelungu,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
galerie de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="riviére">riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Luanza,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
de la cource, en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="lisiére">lisiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" unit="m" value="1690.0">1690 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1968-10-28">28 Oct 1968</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Malaisse 6127</emphasis>
|
||
(K, P); Kundelungu,
|
||
<date value="1950-10">Oct 1950</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Schmitz 3176</emphasis>
|
||
(BR).-Haut-Lomami: Kamunza,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.833334">25°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0333333">7°02'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, fin
|
||
<date value="1957-09">Sep 1957</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Schmitz 5771</emphasis>
|
||
(BR);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riviére">Riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Kilwesi, Prov.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Katanga">Katanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Terr. Mitwaba, Parc national de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Upemba">l'Upemba</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1948-08-19">19 Aug 1948</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">de Witte 4121</emphasis>
|
||
(WAG-2 sheets).-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kasaï-Oriental">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kasai-Oriental">Kasai-Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Gandajika, Prov.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kasai-Oriental">Kasai</collectingRegion>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1956-06-26">26 Jun 1956</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Risopoulos 531</emphasis>
|
||
(K, WAG).-
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Bas-Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Maluku, Lac Vert,
|
||
<date value="1970-04-13">13 Apr 1970</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Breyne 864</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).-
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kongo Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Kisantu,
|
||
<date value="1949-11-01">1 Nov 1949</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Callens 2143</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Bas-Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, route Kisantu-Madimba,
|
||
<date value="1952-09-20">20 Sep 1952</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Troupin 2104</emphasis>
|
||
(BR); Leopoldville, Territ. Boma, Estuaire du fleuve
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1958-09-06">6 Sep 1958</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wagemans 2000</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kwango</collectingRegion>
|
||
: entre Kwango-Wamba
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
|
||
de sources de la Mpfulula [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.1666665">5°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.666666">16°40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1944-08-14">14 Aug 1944</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Germain 2793</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Lualaba: environs de Kolwezi, Tuissesu Kanamwamfwe, 25°25'114E, 10°37'645S, 22 Aug (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Malaisse & Kisimba Kibuye 117</emphasis>
|
||
(K).-Tshopo: lac Yandja (Yangambi),
|
||
<date value="1944-05-19">19 May 1944</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Louis 16985</emphasis>
|
||
(K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Uganda">UGANDA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Amua River, West Madi,
|
||
<date value="1948-05">May 1948</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Eggeling E.5775</emphasis>
|
||
(K-2 sheets).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Kassanga area, Ufipa District,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2954" metricValueMax="1.3716" metricValueMin="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4250.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000-4500 ft</quantity>
|
||
, 1960 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hopper 1</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K, TFD); T8, Mbinga District, Kitanda ponds at Ndondo Village-Liparamba at
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" unit="m" value="1180.0">1180 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1991-05-02">2 May 1991</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ruffo & Kisena 3235</emphasis>
|
||
(K, TFD).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Angola">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Zaire">Zaire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Congo), 0 m,
|
||
<date value="1923-05-15">15 May 1923</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gossweiler 8747</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K-3 sheets, MO, US); Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Zaire">Zaire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Congo),
|
||
<date value="1925-02">Feb 1925</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gossweiler 8957</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, K, US); Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Zaire">Zaire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Congo),
|
||
<date value="1926-08">Aug 1926</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gossweiler 9126</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">9126A</emphasis>
|
||
(B, BM, US); Sumba, Peco, proximum flumen
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Zaire">Zaire</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Congo),
|
||
<date value="1926-07">Jul 1926</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gossweiler s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, US); Hochland von Quela,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1938-10">Oct 1938</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Nolde 845</emphasis>
|
||
(BM)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Zambia" name="Northern">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Chinsali District, Shiva Ngandu,
|
||
<date value="1952-11-29">29 Nov 1952</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Angus 870</emphasis>
|
||
(BM-2 sheets, EA, K, MO, NY [as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">White 870</emphasis>
|
||
]); Luwinga,
|
||
<date value="1958-05-15">15 May 1958</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Angus 1942</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Kawambwa,
|
||
<date value="1957-08-23">23 Aug 1957</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fanshawe 3557</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Chinsali,
|
||
<date value="1967-09-25">25 Sep 1967</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Fanshawe
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/F10170">F10170</accessionNumber>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Shiwa Ngandu,
|
||
<date value="1938-08-03">3 Aug 1938</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Greenway & Trapnell 5573</emphasis>
|
||
(EA, K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Zambia" name="Northern">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Chinsali District, Chipomo Falls National Monument, along Chimanabuwi River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-11.749445">11°44'58"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="32.004723">32°00'17"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" unit="m" value="1310.0">1310 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1994-05-17">17 May 1994</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Harder et al. 3145</emphasis>
|
||
(MO), (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Harder et al. 3164</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Mwinilunga,
|
||
<date value="1955-09-10">10 Sep 1955</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Holmes 1192</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Inono Valley Falls above Mukoma, 3000',
|
||
<date value="1954-12-21">21 Dec 1954</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Richards 3696</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Abercorn District, Kasulo, 5000',
|
||
<date value="1955-01-11">11 Jan 1955</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Richards 4036</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Abercorn District, Lucheche R., Abercorn,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1964-10-10">10 Oct 1964</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Richards 19193</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, K); Abercorn District, Lunzuwa Falls,
|
||
<date value="1952-10-26">26 Oct 1952</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Robertson 184</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, EA, K, P); Kamuswazi River, Tunduma Road, 5000',
|
||
<date value="1970-07-20">20 Jul 1970</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sanane 1293</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Zambia" name="Western">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fort Rosebery District, near Samfya Mission, Lake Bangweulu,
|
||
<date value="1952-08-30">30 Aug 1952</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">White 3165A</emphasis>
|
||
(K-2 sheets), near Samfya Mission, Lake Bangweulu,
|
||
<date value="1952-08-30">30 Aug 1952</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">White 3182</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Zambia" name="Western">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mwinilunga District, tributary of Zambezi River,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi</quantity>
|
||
N of Kalene Hill Mission,
|
||
<date value="1952-09-20">20 Sep 1952</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">White 3309</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dist.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moçambique">Mocambique</normalizedToken>
|
||
, adm. Mecuburi-Serra Chinga, no vale entre as duas Chinga 10 e Chinga 2,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Aguiar Macedo 3274</emphasis>
|
||
(DSM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily recognized by the combination of relatively large leaves, which are often orange-red on the abaxial surface of the leaf in dried specimens, twigs with light gray bark, narrow flowers that are often clustered on leafless portions of twigs, stalked glands on the stigmas, and distinctly moniliform monocarps. Throughout its wide range, it is a wetland species. The orange-red cast to the dried leaves, from which the species epithet is presumably derived, is especially pronounced in young leaves. The stalked glands on the stigmas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Xylopia rubescens. A Habit with fruit B Inner petal, adaxial surface C Outer petal, adaxial surface D, E Stamens, abaxial view F Staminode, abaxial view G Stigma apex H Inflorescence I Seed, longitudinal view. A from Brenan et al. 8022 (K), B-H from Angus 870 (MO) I from Breteler et al. 10446 (WAG, spirit collection)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199096" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" unit="g" value="11.0">11g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) are unique in the genus. William
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">Hawthorne</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(personal communication) reported that a gland is present on the adaxial surface of the petiole apex in this species, but this characteristic is not discernible in dried specimens and is perhaps only useful for identifying living plants. Specimens are occasionally misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which shares the relatively large and subcoriaceous leaves, narrow flower buds, and torulose monocarps, and which is also occasionally found in wet habitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, in having short inner petals, larger but fewer (<15 per fruit) monocarps, and seeds with the brushlike aril typical of sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="section" section="Neoxylopia">Neoxylopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="Breteler, Jongkind, Fleury, Carvalho, de Koning" country="Gabon" location="Gabon" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
has a number of taxonomic synonyms, which represent minor variations connected by intermediates among the collections examined in this study.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" refId="B50" refString="Engler, A, Diels, L, 1901. VI. Anonaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Monographieen Afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" title="VI. Anonaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Monographieen Afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen." year="1901">Engler and Diels (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. humilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. humilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the less prominent vein reticulum of the lower leaf surface, but we found this character to vary widely over the range and to be a function of leaf thickness. Engler and Diels, acknowledging that they had not seen the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinguished
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from it on the basis of its thinner leaves that lacked the reddish cast.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Le Thomas, A" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 371" refId="B109" refString="Le Thomas, A, 1969. 16: Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371" title="16: Annonacees." volumeTitle="Flore du Gabon." year="1969">Le Thomas (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reduced
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but drew a sharper distinction between the two taxa, calling attention, again, to the thinner leaves with more prominent venation on the abaxial leaf surface, and also to the much larger seeds of the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Study of material from the entire distribution, however, revealed that mature fruits of this species, such as those present on the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are seldom collected, and that larger seeds are found from scattered localities across the range. While the seeds of the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the largest seen for this species (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), they are followed closely, in descending order, by seeds of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Breteler</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Jongkind</collectorName>
|
||
10446
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15-16 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Fleury</collectorName>
|
||
33135
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), Bioko,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.46" unit="mm" value="14.75" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="14.6">14.6-14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Carvalho</collectorName>
|
||
2646
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>de Koning</collectorName>
|
||
4070
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Smaller seeds from throughout the range are sunken and paler brown, with incompletely formed ruminate endosperm, all characteristics of immature seeds. Thus seed size alone is insufficient for maintaining
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaineana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="klaineana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. klaineana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct taxon
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" elevation="14" location="The" municipality="Carvalho" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:497DE4D750A78D24265638BB2FB7444B" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="The">The</location>
|
||
label of the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia batesii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xylopia batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
describes the plant as having a shrub or vine habit.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:DFFCF727462EF550E56CECEC8F331102" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="The">The</location>
|
||
leaves of the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
are rounded to nearly truncate at the base, and the outer petals are gradually tapered.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:601B994022742E8C24A5FD830B70E8C5" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="While">While</location>
|
||
this combination of characters is not usual for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found each character to vary independently.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:8352F3B0053CECB1AE6A62F9952264A9" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="For">For</location>
|
||
example, the specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:5D31B3AA5D25C939F668BD9E72E1A056" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="Harder">Harder</location>
|
||
3145
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was described as a lianescent shrub but it has cuneate leaf bases, the specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00753CDCAF0C26D6ABED03782BE73ACD:9079EEA035529E2EA8139B9BCF820DA5" country="Zambia" county="Bioko" municipality="Carvalho" name="Gossweiler">Gossweiler</location>
|
||
6222
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. gossweileri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="gossweileri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. gossweileri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has strongly rounded leaf bases but has abruptly narrowed petals and was collected from a tall tree, and the specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Carvalho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
2646
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty>Bioko</collectingCounty>
|
||
has very broad petals (over
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the midpoint), strongly cuneate leaf bases, and was collected from a tree
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12-15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
tall
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the second-widest distribution of any African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xylopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species after
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aethiopica" order="Magnoliales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and appears to be a wetland opportunist. It has not been collected from most of the
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
River basin within
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">where</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a suitable habitat would seem to be present. Plant associates reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ancistrophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ancistrophyllum" order="Arecales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ancistrophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.Griffith" authorityYear="1851" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Cyrtosperma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtosperma" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cyrtosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gaertnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gaertnera" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gaertnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum" authorityYear="1896" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gardenia imperialis" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="imperialis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gardenia imperialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitragyna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mitragyna" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mitragyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Raphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Rhynchospora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhynchospora corymbosa" order="Cyperales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhynchospora corymbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl" authorityYear="1919" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Garcinia mbulwe" order="Guttiferales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mbulwe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Garcinia mbulwe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Mitragyna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mitragyna stipulosa" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="stipulosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mitragyna stipulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium elegans" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Syzygium elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cordatum" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were noted to be growing with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xylopia rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are eaten and dispersed by three species of hornbills and three species of monkeys in the Dja Reserve of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. rubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">X. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
defecated by hornbills were shown to germinate and at a higher rate than uneaten seeds and seeds recovered from gray-cheeked mangabey fecal samples showed 40% germination when planted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000273" author="Whitney, KD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" pagination="351 - 371" refId="B182" refString="Whitney, KD, M, Fogiel MK, Lamperti, AM, Holbrook, KM, Stauffer, DJ, Hardesty, BD, Parker, VT, Smith, TB, 1998. Seed dispersal by Ceratogymna hornbills in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14: 351 - 371, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000273" title="Seed dispersal by Ceratogymna hornbills in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000273" volume="14" year="1998">Whitney et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" author="Poulsen, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="787 - 808" refId="B139" refString="Poulsen, JR, Clark, CJ, Smith, TB, 2001. Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: 787 - 808, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" title="Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001602" volume="17" year="2001">Poulsen et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tessmann, G" journalOrPublisher="Fitoterapia" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B162" refString="Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A.-G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." title="Die Pangwe: Voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes. Ernst Wasmuth A. - G., Berlin, 275 [Vol. 1], 402 [Vol. 2]." year="1913">Tessmann (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that the leaves of this plant (called there
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. & Diels" authorityYear="1907" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia zenkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zenkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xylopia zenkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were used in a former time by Fang people in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
to make a preparation for the treatment of elephantiasis. The leaves were ground together with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1892" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioscorea preussii" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="preussii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dioscorea preussii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between pieces of bark and then cooked, the resulting water then administered in an enema.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |