186 lines
23 KiB
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186 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="0201EF2C5DE7FE315B7B502E6D443C96" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.794.25243" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eaa0fe1d-7b59-4cba-a86d-9302537c68c2" ID-PMC="PMC6224364" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-794-1" ID-PubMed="30416337" ID-ZooBank="348B2A5562C34601AA890751CF7D455E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-794-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 794" ModsDocTitle="Description of three new species of Scolanthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae): first records of the genus from Japan" checkinTime="1541169060552" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2018" docId="002165EC77E42B989283EDD9CB92E650" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 794: 1-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 794" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.794.25243" docTitle="Scolanthus armatus Carlgren 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="6D619A3CD3593577FFB8FFD6FFFEFFF1" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Scolanthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae): first records of the genus from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701316968279" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9D46FE9860B548EE62EF7EC28F029BC3">Description of three new species of Scolanthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae): first records of the genus from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7111D6BD0C18F15D9FAEB5B5061C617F">Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4064FDCEB4EE0757026179D185126089">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="45C76730B5C072C91A8F6593EE184BE1">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="21C5315D3DEB549AF33897C2179D5218" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.794.25243</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="002165EC77E42B989283EDD9CB92E650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149052342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:002165EC77E42B989283EDD9CB92E650" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/002165EC77E42B989283EDD9CB92E650" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="4DEFE789931290C9538BB316058BB820" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5189245C7E8E7610234CD5D5AE4CB1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="80D5E7CA358DB3D48FDC1D9CF7DEE8C7" ID-CoL="4VR55" authority="Carlgren, 1931" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus armatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">Scolanthus armatus (Carlgren, 1931)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2, 6A, 7
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<normalizedToken id="6B1D796F304540F69B98BB023391938E" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9F0AD0568957FEBF0942F2CF8255BF8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5B59D93E59C0146EF08004B5F90B2197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C0CD5B047B7B106B188DE4DE59091B8F" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia armata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">Edwardsia armata</taxonomicName>
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Carlgren, 1931: 2, figs 1-2;
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<bibRefCitation id="E0B4B8AC4CEBF33F337BE560D73CEC39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 24
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B5CCDED69F8263B74A596FEBA668324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BB09B514700FDBA6AC3009FB9D9B59A6" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus armatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">Scolanthus armatus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="82BA79F2B2EACD78E3C222B6F5E6906D" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 229, figs 13-14.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FDC6F876112B9F5E6FD14DB79A5726EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="647267767D945B09832269DABA7BA622" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC7EC737393BB1955E613240EEBB4AF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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NSMT-Co 1609, histological sections (7 slides), dissected tissues, tissues embedded in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts (6 slides), 27 June 2014, Seihyo Coast (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken id="DE257F181E13E3C13AE516A84E084A3A" originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
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2), Chichijima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate id="96C5A04E9341A19F8AD2FFC4573F3C20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="27.163055">27°09'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E6D84BF407B78E8D82CB0BC5FE51B336" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="142.34055">142°20'26"E</geoCoordinate>
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), coral sand, 3 m depth, collected by scuba diving with a shovel and a sieve, by Takato Izumi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FF2F96DD835E631E8B09F8663D4F6068" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AB1B49CC8A1C5D4A3F4584D47744CB30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F625FFFBA768534693188C418B7972C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External anatomy. Column rough, ca. 40 mm in whole length, and ca. 5 mm in width, worm-like form, and the proximal part narrower to some extent. The column consists of capitulum, scapulus and scapus. The most proximal part of column capitulum, distinct, extremely short, whitish and semitransparent, but scapulus and scapus indistinct. The periderm-like cuticle, brownish orange with no pattern in color, covering the whole column except capitulum and tentacle but easily stripped off from epidermis (Fig. 2A). The scapus beneath periderm semitransparent, with scattered small prominent nemathybomes but no papillae (Fig. 2A). Aboral end of the column tapered or flattened, not differentiated from scapus, with scattered nemathybomes (Fig. 2, A and 2I). No pedal disk, and no physa or physa-like structure. Tentacles in two cycles, 16 in number, eight in inner and eight in outer cycle (Fig. 6A). All tentacles long and slender, 1.5-2.0 mm in length, the inner tentacles as long as outer ones, transparent or semi-transparent, and capitated on their tip (Fig. 2B). Oral disk ca. 1.5 mm in diameter.</paragraph>
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<caption id="D7720B7710D8A4EBF8BFA05C4FCBC6C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="4AF0B90B16D033A1EAB3FB8768C314BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 2. External and internal views of
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<taxonomicName id="C17D8B7324CF820431EF373A18A95C6F" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus armatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">Scolanthus armatus</taxonomicName>
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(NSMT-Co 1609). External views (A, B) and internal histological sections (
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<normalizedToken id="F990E5598C4B50E507D0F839A14F1C56" originalValue="C–I">C-I</normalizedToken>
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). A Whole living specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="28E7CE1C5DEF2A2B1147CA954925AD41" lsidName="S. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armatus">S. armatus</taxonomicName>
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. The periderm of aboral end was stripped off while the sampling B enlarged view of most distal part C longitudinal section of oral end D longitudinal section of a tentacle E transverse section of a tentacle F transverse section of actinopharynx of the longitudinal half of body G transverse section of mesentery H transverse section of filaments I longitudinal section of aboral end. Nemathybomes distributed up to the tip of aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; Ne, nemathybome; pm, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; Te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; Ts, testis. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500
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<normalizedToken id="0450CF0435BC4F8338141B2BC7748C33" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(C, F, H, I); 100
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<normalizedToken id="F86F98F7E88C0A02E811D3EA8B58E733" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(D, E, G).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1500A32BD052137723E9F8859C70D0DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Internal anatomy. Eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not-paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal
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<taxonomicName id="F46AD4C1B8B209CC161B8C4C085AF33A" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Edwardsia</taxonomicName>
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pattern (Fig. 6A). All macrocnemes present along whole length of the body from oral to aboral end, and bearing distinct retractor and parietal muscles. The retractor muscle of lateral mesenteries all ventrally facing (Fig. 6A). Eight tiny microcnemes, without muscles, confined only in distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, two between dorso- and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and two between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Each tentacle between either exo- or endocoelic. (Fig. 6A). Retractor muscles strongly developed and diffused (Fig. 2F-H), pennon-like, configured with 15-30 muscular processes, each slightly branched (Fig. 2F). Parietal muscles with approximately 10 muscular processes (Fig. 2F). Actinopharynx short, ca. 2.5 mm in length, no distinct siphonoglyph (Fig. 2C). Tentacular circular muscle indistinct (Fig. 2D) and longitudinal muscle ectodermal and distinct (Fig. 2E). Mesoglea thin in the whole body, less than 100
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<normalizedToken id="F3F04F1204E5B867C36EDA79C1A92D4D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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even at the thickest part of body wall (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="7C2C8D91CE418D4F3D1DD65BAF000400" originalValue="C–I">C-I</normalizedToken>
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). Nemathybomes, ca. 100
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<normalizedToken id="C69CF2E1625CFF22CF1AC8FB4FBEDA40" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter, protrude from mesoglea on the column including the aboral end (Fig. 2I). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent (Fig. 2C, H). Gonads adjacent to the retractor muscle, relatively long (Fig. 2H). Testes between filament and retractor muscle, but no mature gametes in this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69C6463CE2173BCAE0DE78134E33D360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Cnidome. Basitrichs (in all tissues), spirocysts (in tentacles), microbasic b-mastigophores (in filaments) (Table 2, Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken id="3CC35B0150820BF7ACCF11CCCD8507E7" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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). Basitrichs in filaments are distinguished into two types by their size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6170835FAEAE4601D3252E1CD3F2D37" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B384E4831FDB1C9EE4A48BE5C0F55523" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C32E8D6E7B815894325C93C72A093222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Fiji (
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<bibRefCitation id="1A62796B02CE297266E02DF265F5E3FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carlgren 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: type locality), Australia, Singapore (
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<bibRefCitation id="8BC7C91AF7FADD7FA27C54D73BA5CB26" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England 1987</bibRefCitation>
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), and Japan (this study).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE32F70230345108BBB1EA5AB17D6BEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="origin of japanese name">
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<paragraph id="1E0225FB79361544FEC3A97DA9AFF246" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Origin of Japanese name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56132353BBA1522523560E3681E55B03" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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New Japanese name: Ogasawara-ashinashi-mushimodoki.
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<normalizedToken id="4E89137E1CCBBB671D3285DF6424666E" originalValue="“Ogasawara”">"Ogasawara"</normalizedToken>
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is the locality name. In Japanese waters, this species has been collected only in the Ogasawara Islands.
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<normalizedToken id="F14FEA5E46E89561B706B8FE8E1F2B9C" originalValue="“Ashinashi-mushimodoki”">"Ashinashi-mushimodoki"</normalizedToken>
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is short for the Japanese name of this genus (see the etymology of genus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED49719BB733082425212883333F8762" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="C5ABF13575D196FCECB08FA5AFAAC033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA0EFB8ED262AE5DF542EA9C79816D5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="97600610B0810D935CB4C2D0B28B06DE" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus armatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">Scolanthus armatus</taxonomicName>
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was originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="203CC9CEF7830C61FAFDF69DBDC40087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carlgren (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="ECE674F53D88D8D6E2EC3E8FA4816598" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia armata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">Edwardsia armata</taxonomicName>
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when the genus
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<taxonomicName id="38FB2E87A3B6AD2CC80534CBA741366E" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scolanthus</taxonomicName>
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was a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="BA2A961F0439EC1C32EA7B5A335C2519" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Edwardsia</taxonomicName>
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. After
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<taxonomicName id="F37E42EF37EE9137B69B557CF6811C7B" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scolanthus</taxonomicName>
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was revived by
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<bibRefCitation id="FCDC430AE4563E64AE37845BCD41C92D" author="Manuel, RL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 276" title="On the identity of sea anemone Scolanthuscallimorphus, Gosse, 1853 (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938100770201" volume="15" year="1981">Manuel (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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, this species was transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="E3D4FD54BF72B912F2360378C4D2106E" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scolanthus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EE69F044652AB42D80B5481AB97B771A" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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. This species had no physa-like structure but many nemathybomes in the aboral end. This is the most characteristic feature of
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<taxonomicName id="1E2D7B9197F807FE1B5FCB9EC5DED8B1" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scolanthus</taxonomicName>
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, and this feature is not found in
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<taxonomicName id="D7FAA023BCF7017527C8349A6AB77BFF" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Edwardsia</taxonomicName>
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. The specimen from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands almost completely agrees with the description of
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<taxonomicName id="5DF71FE3E1EAD1E0A8CBA199B757B0ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Scolanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolanthus armatus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armatus">Scolanthus armatus</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="768D3C99A529BA0EEA8FF1647119CCDE" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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; e.g. 16 tentacles which are capitated on the tip; rounded or flattened aboral end; scattered nemathybomes extending to the proximal end; strong and diffused retractor muscle (slightly branched muscular processes also correspond to England, 1987; fig. 13). The proportion and size of body is also similar to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="549BFEB2CBB7C1FB71320AFFB29517B1" originalValue="England’s">England's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description. There are, however, a few differences in the cnidome;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E438BBF7C2307DF9D4707C31EEF27451" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned nothing about b-mastigophores in the description; stating that basitrichs and microbasic b-mastigophores could be distinguished by both the large diameter of the capsule and the broadened shaft shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="588000A33E81B4AA3CAC908744DC37A8" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026532" year="1991">England 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, both cnidomes are still easily confused and they are difficult to delineate. Thus, microbasic b-mastigophores with their broadened shape were judged by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6237CEA5CEB78C7C4F86BB6B954A2925" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to probably be basitrichs. This probability is reinforced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E645BC1E3B27C6EC19AF16130C07107" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 6): two types of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="595D27E47EB1F731B42CEE505177BBFF" originalValue="“basitrichs”">"basitrichs"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in filament of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8852C0CA7148D473DB1017FC9055FFAB" lsidName="S. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armatus">S. armatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but one type of basitrich with apparently broader capsules than the other type while the lengths are not different. In addition, there are very long basitrichs in our specimen, but they are few in number. If the numbers of these long basitrichs are very low, it is possible that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F40F395B14966B185FCD7D9D4CC92756" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not observe them. Moreover, the other cnidae size ranges resemble those of specimens of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D84FFDA19B6950F4677CD97FF8CA1F71" author="England, KW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 292" title="Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean." volume="53" year="1987">England (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="300A59B74B36516529CDB66B432A7699" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In conclusion, we identified this specimen as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="630FC222E2D6DB6121A7F258BD30AA32" lsidName="S. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armatus">S. armatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of its similarity in almost all morphological features to the original description of the species. The slight difference observed in the cnidome may be simply individual variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |